| 词条 | Cornelius Lanczos |
| 释义 |
| name = Cornelius Lanczos | image = File:Lanczos Kornel photo in 1947.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1893|02|02}} | birth_place = Székesfehérvár | death_date = {{death date and age|1974|06|25|1893|02|02}} | death_place = Budapest | nationality = Hungarian | fields = Mathematics Theoretical physics | workplaces = University of Freiburg Purdue University Boeing Institute of Numerical Analysis Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies | alma_mater = University of Budapest University of Szeged | thesis_title = Relation of Maxwell's Aether Equations to Functional Theory | thesis_year = 1921 | doctoral_advisor = Rudolf Ortvay | academic_advisors = Loránd Eötvös Lipót Fejér, Erwin Madelung | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Lanczos algorithm Lanczos tensor Lanczos resampling Lanczos approximation Lanczos sigma factor Lanczos differentiator | influences = | influenced = | awards = Chauvenet Prize (1960)[1] | spouse = Mária Erzsébet Rump (1928–?) Ilse Hildebrand (1954–1974) | footnotes = }}Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos ({{lang-hu|Lánczos Kornél}}, {{IPA-hu|ˈlaːnt͡soʃ ˈkorneːl|pron}}, born as Kornél Lőwy, until 1906: Löwy (Lőwy) Kornél) was a Hungarian mathematician and physicist, who was born on February 2, 1893, and died on June 25, 1974. According to György Marx he was one of The Martians.[2] BiographyHe was born in Székesfehérvár to dr. Károly Lőwy and Adél Hahn. Lanczos' Ph.D. thesis (1921) was on relativity theory. He sent his thesis copy to Einstein, and Einstein wrote back, saying: "I studied your paper as far as my present overload allowed. I believe I may say this much: this does involve competent and original brainwork, on the basis of which a doctorate should be obtainable ... I gladly accept the honorable dedication."[3]{{rp|20}} In 1924 he discovered an exact solution of the Einstein field equation representing a cylindrically symmetric rigidly rotating configuration of dust particles. This was later rediscovered by Willem Jacob van Stockum and is known today as the van Stockum dust. It is one of the simplest known exact solutions in general relativity and is regarded as an important example, in part because it exhibits closed timelike curves. Lanczos served as assistant to Albert Einstein during the period of 1928–29.[3]{{rp|27}} In 1927 Lanczos married Maria Rupp. He was offered a one-year visiting professorship from Purdue University. For a dozen years (1927 — 39) Lanzos split his life between two continents. His wife Maria Rupp stayed with Lanczos' parents in Székesfehérvár year-around while Lanczos went to Purdue for half the year, teaching graduate students matrix mechanics and tensor analysis. In 1933 his son Elmar was born; Elmar came to Lafayette, Indiana with his father in August 1939, just before WW II broke out.[3]{{rp|41 & 53}} Maria was too ill to travel and died several weeks later from tuberculosis. When the Nazis purged Hungary of Jews in 1944, of Lanczos' family, only his sister and a nephew survived. Elmar married, moved to Seattle and raised two sons. When Elmar looked at his own firstborn son, he said: "For me, it proves that Hitler did not win." During the McCarthy era, Lanczos came under suspicion for possible communist links.[3]{{rp|89}} In 1952, he left the U.S. and moved to the School of Theoretical Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies in Ireland, where he succeeded Schrödinger[4] and stayed until 1968.[5] In 1956 Lanczos published Applied Analysis. The topics covered include "algebraic equations, matrices and eigenvalue problems, large scale linear systems, harmonic analysis, data analysis, quadrature and power expansions...illustrated by numerical examples worked out in detail." The contents of the book are stylized "parexic analysis lies between classical analysis and numerical analysis: it is roughly the theory of approximation by finite (or truncated infinite) algorithms."[6] ResearchLanczos did pioneering work along with G. C. Danielson on what is now called the fast Fourier transform (FFT, 1940), but the significance of his discovery was not appreciated at the time, and today the FFT is credited to Cooley and Tukey (1965). (As a matter of fact, similar claims can be made for several other mathematicians, including Carl Friedrich Gauss.[7]). Lanczos was the one who introduced Chebyshev polynomials to numerical computing. He discovered the diagonalizable matrix. Working in Washington DC at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards after 1949, Lanczos developed a number of techniques for mathematical calculations using digital computers, including:
In 1962, Lanczos showed that the Weyl tensor, which plays a fundamental role in general relativity, can be obtained from a tensor potential that is now called the Lanczos potential. Lanczos resampling is based on a windowed sinc function as a practical upsampling filter approximating the ideal sinc function. Lanczos resampling is widely used in video up-sampling for digital zoom applications and image scaling. Books such as The Variational Principles of Mechanics (1949)[8] show his explanatory ability and enthusiasm as a physics teacher. PublicationsBooks
Articles
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|author=Lanczos, Cornelius|title=Linear Systems in Self-Adjoint Form|journal=Amer. Math. Monthly|volume=65|year=1958|pages=665–679|url=http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-awards/linear-systems-in-self-adjoint-form|doi=10.2307/2308707}} 2. ^A marslakók legendája - György Marx 3. ^1 2 3 Barbara Gellai (2010) The Intrinsic Nature of Things: the life and science of Cornelius Lanczos, American Mathematical Society {{ISBN|978-0-8218-5166-1}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=The Lanczos Method: Evolution and Application|author=Louis Komzsik|page=79|publisher=SIAM|year=2003}} 5. ^[https://www.dias.ie/?s=Lanczos&submit= Cornelius Lanczos] at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Todd, John|authorlink=John Todd (computer scientist)|title=Review: Applied Analysis, by C. Lanczos|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1958|volume=64|issue=4|pages=210–211|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1958-64-04/S0002-9904-1958-10215-3/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1958-10215-3}} 7. ^{{cite journal|title=Gauss and the History of the Fast Fourier Transform|author1=Michael T. Heideman |author2=Don H. Johnson |author3=C. Sidney Burrus |page=14|journal=IEEE ASSP Magazine|date=October 1984}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=Lewis, D. C.|title=Review: The variational principles of mechanics, by C. Lanczos|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1951|volume=57|issue=1, Part 1|pages=88–91|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1951-57-01/S0002-9904-1951-09462-8/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1951-09462-8}}
External links
16 : 1893 births|1974 deaths|People from Székesfehérvár|Hungarian Jews|Hungarian emigrants to the United States|American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent|20th-century Hungarian mathematicians|American expatriates in Ireland|Jewish American scientists|Hungarian physicists|Irish mathematicians|Numerical analysts|Relativity theorists|Jewish physicists|Austro-Hungarian mathematicians|Academics of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。