“Cressy-class cruiser”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Cressy-class cruiser

释义

Service
Ships
Building Programme
Image gallery
Notes
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=HMS Euryalus SLV AllanGreen-c.jpg

Euryalus|1901|6}} at anchor in Australia
}}{{Infobox ship class overview

Name=Cressy class

Builders=

UK}}

Diadem|cruiser|4}}

Drake|cruiser|4}}

Cost=

Built range=1898–1902

In service range=1901–1920

In commission range=

Total ships completed=6

Total ships lost=3

Total ships scrapped=3
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship type=Armoured cruiser

12000|LT|t}} (normal)

472|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} (o/a)

69|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}

26|ft|9|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (maximum)

21000|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}

30 Belleville boilers

Ship propulsion=*2 × Shafts

2 × 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines

21|kn|lk=in}}

Ship range=

Ship complement=725–760

Ship armament=*2 × single BL 9.2-inch (234-mm) Mk X guns

12 × single BL 6-inch (152-mm) Mk VII guns
12 × single QF 12-pounder (76-mm) guns
3 × 3-pounder (47-mm) Hotchkiss guns
2 × single 18-inch (450-mm) torpedo tubes

2|-|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}

Decks: {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
Barbettes: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
Turrets: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}
Conning tower: {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
Bulkheads: {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}

}}

The Cressy-class cruiser was a class of six armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy around 1900. Their design's incorporation of a pair of 9.2-inch guns and armoured sides served to address criticism directed against the previous {{sclass-|Diadem|cruiser|4}} — advances made possible by their 1,000 ton increase in displacement over their predecessors. The ships were notably stable, except for a susceptibility to pitching.^[1]

Service

Until 1908, the ships served in Home waters, the Mediterranean and the Far East. On the outbreak of the First World War Cressy, Aboukir, Hogue, Bacchante and Euryalus formed the Seventh Cruiser Squadron. Due to the obsolescence of the ships and because they were crewed by inexperienced reservists the squadron was known as the "Live Bait Squadron". This epithet proved prophetic when Cressy, Hogue and Aboukir were sunk in a single action on 22 September 1914 by the German submarine U-9 near the Dutch coast. After the first cruiser had been hit, the following cruisers both came to a dead halt to pick up survivors, making themselves easy targets for torpedoes.^[2]

Ships

HMS Cressy: launched 4 December 1899, torpedoed and sunk 22 September 1914
HMS Sutlej: launched 18 November 1899, scrapped 9 May 1921
HMS Aboukir: launched 16 May 1900, torpedoed and sunk 22 September 1914
HMS Hogue: launched 13 August 1900, torpedoed and sunk 22 September 1914
HMS Bacchante: launched 21 February 1901, scrapped 1 July 1920
HMS Euryalus: launched 20 May 1901, scrapped 1 July 1920

Building Programme

The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Cressy class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores. The compilers of The Naval Annual revised costs quoted for British ships between the 1905 and 1906 editions.

Ship	Builder	Engine Maker	Date of			Cost according to
Ship	Builder	Engine Maker	Laid Down	Launch	Completion	(BNA 1904)^[3]	(BNA 1906)^[4]
Cressy\|1899\|2}}	Fairfield, Govan	Fairfield	12 October 1898	14 December 1899	28 May 1901	£780,110	£749,324
Sutlej\|1899\|2}}	J Brown Clydebank	Clydebank Company	15 August 1898	18 November 1899	6 May 1902	£790,706	£755,690
Aboukir\|1900\|2}}	Fairfield, Govan	Fairfield	9 November 1898	16 May 1900	3 April 1902	£783,883	£751,118
Hogue\|1900\|2}}	Vickers, Barrow	Vickers	14 July 1898	13 August 1900	19 November 1902	£787,507	£749,809
Bacchante\|1901\|2}}	John Brown Clydebank	John Brown	15 February 1899	21 February 1901	25 November 1902	£787,230	£787,230
Euryalus\|1901\|2}}	Vickers, Barrow	Vickers	18 July 1899	20 May 1901	5 January 1904	£817,880	£782,901

Image gallery

Notes

1. ^Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1860–1905, pp. 68–69
2. ^{{cite web|title=Time Team s20|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team-specials/on-demand/49040-002|website=Channel 4|publisher=Channel 4|accessdate=18 May 2015}}
3. ^Brassey's Naval Annual 1904, p212-219
4. ^Brassey's Naval Annual 1906, p208-215

Footnotes

Bibliography

Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1904
{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|last-author-amp=yes}}
{{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|authorlink=Julian Corbett|title=Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands|edition=2nd, reprint of the 1938|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=I|publisher=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-256-X}}
{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}}
{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}
Leyland, J. and Brassey, T.A. (ed)The Naval Annual 1906
{{cite book|title=Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea |last=Massie|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=2004|location= London|isbn=0-224-04092-8}}
{{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}

External links

Loss of HMS Aboukir, Cressy and Hogue
Cressy class description

2 : Cruiser classes|Cressy-class cruisers

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