| 词条 | Croque monsieur | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Croque monsieur | image = Croque monsieur.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = | alternate_name = | country = France | region = | creator = | course = | type = Sandwich | served = Hot | main_ingredient = Bread, whipped eggs, butter, boiled ham, cheese (typically Emmental), pepper and salt | variations = croque madame | calories = | other = }} A croque monsieur ({{IPA-fr|kʁɔk məsjø}}; French for "mister crunch") is a baked or fried boiled ham and cheese sandwich. The dish originated in French cafés and bars as a quick snack. A croque madame (French for "missus crunch") is a variant of the dish topped with a fried egg. The name is based on the verb croquer ("to bite, to crunch") and the word monsieur ("mister"). The sandwich's first recorded appearance on a Paris café menu was in 1910.[1] Its earliest mention in literature appears to be in volume two of Proust's In Search of Lost Time in 1918.[2] PreparationA croque monsieur is traditionally made with boiled ham between slices of brioche-like pain de mie topped with grated cheese and slightly salted and peppered, which is baked in an oven or fried in a frying pan. The dish can also be made with normal butter bread,{{clarify|date=July 2016}} with a soft crust. Instead of the butter bread, the bread may optionally be browned by grilling before being dipped in beaten egg. Traditionally, Emmental or Gruyère is used, or sometimes Comté cheese as well. Some brasseries also add Béchamel sauce. Croque monsieur may be baked or fried so that the cheese topping melts and forms a crust.[3][4] This may be done in a small horizontal grill designed for grilling sandwiches. VariationsA croque monsieur served with a poached or lightly fried egg on top is known as a croque madame[5] (or in parts of Normandy a croque-à-cheval). Many cooking and recipe sites, such as New York Times Cooking and Food Network, attribute the name to the egg resembling an old fashioned woman's hat. According to the Petit Robert dictionary, the name dates to around 1960. The name croque-mademoiselle is associated with its lighter, vegetarian version: made of the same bread, but with ordinary melting cheese, accompanied with chives, cucumber and salad.[3] A ham and cheese sandwich snack, very similar to the croque-monsieur though not containing any béchamel or egg, is called a tosti in the Netherlands, and toast (pronounced "tost") in Italy and Greece. Similarly, in the United Kingdom a ham and cheese hot snack is called a 'toastie', and toastie makers are available to buy. In the United States, the Monte Cristo, a ham-and-cheese sandwich often dipped in egg and fried, is popular diner fare, and a 'grilled cheese sandwich' is a classic sandwich that has been enjoyed at home and in cafeteria-style restaurants since the Great Depression.[6] A version of this sandwich in Spain replaces the ham with sobrassada, a soft sausage from the Balearic Islands that can be easily spread.{{cn|date=August 2018}} Variants of the sandwich with substitutions or additional ingredients are given names modelled on the original croque-monsieur, for example:
The French chef Jacques Pepin also makes a version using chicken instead of ham,[11] which he demonstrated in the "Our Favorite Sandwiches"[12] episode on the PBS series (and its coordinating cookbook of the same title) Julia and Jacques Cooking at Home in which he worked with Julia Child. See also{{portal|Food}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Notes1. ^{{Cite book|first=Prosper |last=Montagné |authorlink=Prosper Montagné |author2=Charlotte Snyder Turgeon |author3=Nina Froud |title=Larousse Gastronomique |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |location=New York City |year=1961 |pages= |isbn=0-517-50333-6 |oclc=413918}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}} 2. ^{{fr icon}} Entry in the on-line Trésor de la langue française. 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.aufeminin.com/cuisine-facile/croque-monsieur-s648051.html |title=Croque-monsieur et croque-madame font des enfants |date=18 March 2009 |publisher=aufimin cuisine suisse |language=French |accessdate=21 August 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cuisineactuelle.fr/recettes/croque-monsieur-au-four-128819 |title=Croque monsieur au four |publisher=Cuisine actuelle |accessdate=21 August 2015}} 5. ^{{Cite book|author= |title=Dictionnaire général pour la maîtrise de la langue française, la culture classique et contemporaine |publisher=Larousse |location=Paris |year=1993 |page=405 |isbn=2-03-320300-X |oclc=29916226}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=History of the Grilled Cheese Sandwich|url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/history-of-grilled-cheese-sandwiches-1329090|website=History of the Grilled Cheese Sandwich|accessdate=6 February 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://frenchfood.about.com/od/toprecipes/a/croquelist.htm|title=All the Croque Monsieur Recipes You Will Ever Need|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jul/23/magazine/tm-57540 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=David | last=Downie | title=Bread Winner | date=23 July 2000}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://judicialpeach.com/2009/05/31/croque-norvegien/|title=Croque Norvegien|date=31 May 2009|publisher=}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://ouialwayshaveparis.com/2015/08/11/croquemonsieur/|title=Tracing the History of the Croque Monsieur Sandwich Paris Blog Oui Always Have Paris|date=2015-08-11|work=Oui Always Have Paris|access-date=2018-10-06|language=en-US}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/Jacquess-Croque-Madame-102364|title=Jacques's Croque Madame Recipe|last=Pepin|first=Jacques|author2=Julia Child |author3=David Nussbaum |date=September 1999|work=Epicurious|accessdate=1 October 2010}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alacartetv.com/html/jnj/episode.htm|title=104: Our Favorite Sandwiches|work=Julia and Jacques: Cooking at Home: The Episodes|accessdate=1 October 2010}} References{{Reflist|2}}{{Cheese dishes}}{{ham}}{{Sandwiches}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Croque-Monsieur}} 4 : French sandwiches|French cuisine|Ham dishes|Cheese dishes |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。