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词条 Cubana de Aviación
释义

  1. History

     Early years to Cuban revolution  Cuban revolution to 1980s  1990s  2000s and onwards 

  2. Destinations

     Codeshare agreements 

  3. Fleet

     Current fleet  Former fleet 

  4. Accidents and incidents

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. External links

{{redirect|Cubana|the country|Cuba|the town in the United States|Cubana, West Virginia}}{{For|the Russian airline with a similar name|Kuban Airlines}}{{Infobox Airline
| airline=Cubana de Aviación
| logo=Cubana Airlines logo.svg
| logo_size=250
| fleet_size=14
| destinations=20
| company_slogan =Puerta de Cuba al Mundo ({{lang-en|Cuba's Gateway to the World}})
| IATA=CU
| ICAO=CUB
| callsign=CUBANA
| parent= Corporación de la Aviación Civil S.A. (CACSA)
| founded={{start date and years ago|1929|10|8|df=y}}
| commenced= {{start date|1930}}
| headquarters=Havana, Cuba
| key_people=Arturo Bada Álvarez (CEO)
| hubs={{nowrap|José Martí International Airport}}
|focus_cities={{unbulleted list|Antonio Maceo Airport|Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport|Frank País Airport}}
| website={{url|www.cubana.cu}}
}}

Cubana de Aviación S.A., commonly known as Cubana, is a national airline based in Cuba,[1] as well as the country's largest airline.[2] It was founded in {{start date|1929|10}}, becoming one of the earliest airlines to emerge in Latin America.[3]{{rp|887}} It has its corporate headquarters in Havana, and its main base is located at José Martí International Airport.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} Originally a subsidiary of Pan American World Airways and later a private company owned by Cuban investors, Cubana has been wholly owned by the Cuban government since May 1959 and celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2009.

Cubana was a founder and is a current member of the International Air Transport Association,[1] the International Association of Aeronautical Telecommunications (SITA) and the International Association of Latin American Air Transportation (AITAL).[2]

History

{{refimprove section|date=June 2012}}{{main|History of Cubana de Aviación}}

Early years to Cuban revolution

The airline was established by Clement Melville Keys on {{date|1929-10-8}} as Compañía Nacional Cubana de Aviación Curtiss S.A., initially as a flying school as well as a charter carrier, beginning scheduled services in 1930.[7][8] The airline's name indicated its association with the Curtiss aircraft manufacturing company. Cubana's early fleet used Curtiss Robin, amphibian Sikorsky S-38, Ford Trimotor, and Lockheed Electra (L-10) aircraft. Pan American acquired Cubana in 1932,[9] and the word Curtiss was deleted from the carrier's name. By the end of the decade, the carrier had a fleet of four Ford Trimotors and three Lockheed Electras that operated on the domestic Havana–Camaguey, Havana–Guantanamo–Baracoa and Santiago–Baracoa routes.[10]

In 1944, the first International Conference on Civil Aviation was convened, which later would lead to the creation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Cuba was a participant in this conference and a founding member of ICAO. In April 1945, the conference that created the International Air Transport Association (IATA) was held in Havana. Cubana became a founding member of IATA, and participated in the creation of that organization through its involvement with the Havana conference and the resulting accords. Both conferences and the organizations they spawned helped establish Cubana as an internationally recognized airline company.

In May 1945 Cubana started its first scheduled international flights to Miami, using Douglas DC-3 aircraft, making the airline the first Latin American one to establish scheduled passenger services to this city. In April 1948, a transatlantic route was started between Havana and Madrid (via Bermuda, the Azores and Lisbon) using Douglas DC-4 aircraft. The Madrid route was extended to Rome in 1950. The new route to Europe made Cubana one of the earliest Latin American carriers to establish scheduled transatlantic service.

In 1953, Airwork sold Cubana three Viscount 755s in advance of delivery.[11] Cubana was also the first Latin American airline to operate jet-prop aircraft, starting in the mid-1950s with the Vickers Viscount (VV-755), which were put in service in its Miami and domestic routes, and later the Super Viscount (VV-818).

By {{start date|1953|3}}, the carrier's fleet consisted of DC-3s and DC-4s.[12] A year later, the aircraft park was 11 strong —six DC-3s, three Lockheed Constellations, one C-46 and one Stinson— while two Super Constellations were on order.[13] Upon delivery of the first of these aircraft, in late 1954, the airline deployed it on the Mexico City–Madrid route.[14] Cubana transported more than 227,000 passenger in 1955, and by that year end it had 715 employees.[9] In {{start date|1957|5}}, the airline ordered two Bristol Britannia 318s, intended to serve New York and Spain.[16][17][18] An order for another two aircraft of the type was placed in mid-1958; the combined deal was worth {{US$|14}} million.[16] Aimed at replacing the Douglas DC-7s on the Havana–New York route,[20] Cubana received the first of these aircraft in {{start date|1958|12}};[6] it was put in service on that route immediately after being phased in.[22]

Cuban revolution to 1980s

In May 1959, Cuba's revolutionary government decided to take over Cubana, expropriating all its investors. The private passenger airline Aerovías Q and private cargo carriers Cuba Aeropostal and Expreso Aéreo Interamericano, were then merged into Cubana, which was rebranded as Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviación and had an initial state investment of 80%; it started operations on {{start date|1961|6|27|df=yes}}.[23] The airline had expanded earlier that year its scheduled transatlantic services, adding Prague to its European route network that solely included Madrid.{{efn|There exists a discrepancy as to whether these flights started in {{start date|1961|2}},[24][25] or {{MONTHNAME|4}} the same year.[26]|group="nb"}} Having stopovers at Bermuda and the Azores, the route was flown with Bristol Britannia 318s.[26] Cubana later sold one of its Britannias to Czechoslovak Airlines (CSA) so that this carrier could start their own Prague–Havana flights.[28] Cubana trained CSA's personnel in the operation of the Britannias.[26] CSA's new service started on {{start date|1962|2}} initially flying the Prague–Manchester–Prestwick–Havana route, and then switching to the Prague–Shannon–Gander–Havana run.[30][31]

With the U.S. breaking relations (in 1961) and the imposition of the U.S. embargo on Cuba (in 1962), Cubana was forced to cancel all its U.S. services and turned to the Soviet Union to obtain new aircraft. The first Soviet-built aircraft were delivered in the early 1960s (Ilyushin Il-14 and Il-18), and were used in Cubana's domestic routes. Cubana thus became the first airline in the Americas at that time to operate Soviet-built aircraft. During the decade, the An-12 and the An-24s were also added to the fleet.[32] Cubana's cooperation made it possible for Aeroflot to establish 18-hour non-stop scheduled services between Moscow and Havana in 1963, using Tupolev Tu-114 jet-props, which were the longest non-stop flights in the world at that time. Cooperation with the East German airline Interflug also made it possible for this carrier to establish its first scheduled transatlantic services, linking East Berlin with Havana.

At {{start date|1970|3}} the number of employees was 1,971; at this time the carrier{{'s}} fleet consisted of {{cardinal to word|5}} Antonov An-24Bs, {{cardinal to word|4}} Britannias 318s, {{cardinal to word|2}} C-46s, {{cardinal to word|4}} DC-3s, {{cardinal to word|1}} DC-4, {{cardinal to word|10}} Il-14s and {{cardinal to word|4}} Il-18s.[33]{{rp|480}} Regular services to Peru, Chile, Panama, Guyana and several Caribbean destinations were started in the early and mid- 1970s. Cubana also began operating Tupolev Tu-154, Ilyushin Il-76, Yakovlev Yak-40 and Yak-42 jets in the mid-1970s. These aircraft made it possible to upgrade Cubana's domestic services and to expand or start new services to Central and South America, and to some Caribbean nations. Regular services to Canada were also started, as Cuba began to develop its tourism sector. Routes to Africa were started in the mid-1970s, serving Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde. Cubana subsequently ceded one of its Il-62M jets to Angola's national airline TAAG so that it could start its own Luanda-Havana flights, in cooperation with Cubana's services on that route. This allowed TAAG to start its own, first-ever transatlantic route. In the late 1970s Cubana started services to Iraq, becoming the first Latin American carrier to serve Asia, although these services were discontinued in the early 1980s.

1990s

At March 1990, Cubana had 5,658 employees and its fleet consisted of 12 An-24RVs, 26 Antonov An-26s, four Il-18s, 11 Ilyushin Il-62Ms, two Il-76Ds, eight Tupolev Tu-154s (five Tu-154B2s and three Tu-154Ms) and 12 Yakovlev Yak-40s. At this time, the airline flew internationally to Barbados, Basle, Berlin, Bissau, Buenos Aires, Georgetown, Kingston, Lima, Luanda, Madrid, Managua, Mexico City, Montreal, Panama City, Paris and Prague; it also served a domestic network consisting of Baracoa, Camaguey, Holguin, Nicaro, Nueva Gerona, Santiago de Cuba and Tunas.[34]

In the early 1990s, Cubana pursued a multi-faceted strategy to face the challenges posed by the end of the Socialist bloc and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This strategy targeted a restructuring of Cubana's fleet, the revamping of the airline's technical capabilities, and upgrading the quality of passenger services. After the early 1990s, spare parts for Cubana's Soviet-built aircraft became increasingly harder to source. Limited financial resources and lack of Western financing to replace these aircraft, coupled with restrictions imposed by the U.S. embargo on the sale of American-built aircraft and components (including engines and avionics), made it necessary to keep some of the airline's Soviet-built airplanes in service. Cubana had received its last three new Il-62Ms in late 1990 and early 1991 [along with two other (also new) similar aircraft in 1988 and 1989], and was able to keep them in service long after the Soviet Union's dissolution and the end of all Il-62 production in the mid-1990s. Cubana started leasing some Western aircraft (Airbus, Boeing) for limited periods of time in the mid-1990s, to help sustain its services to Europe, Canada and some Latin American destinations, given the rapid growth of Cuba's tourism sector.

2000s and onwards

In the early 2000s (decade) Cubana refurbished several of its Il-62Ms to use on some of its international routes (all but one of these aircraft were removed from service in 2011), and in 2004 it embarked on a long-term renovation programme. The strategy is based on the purchase of $100 million a year in new generation Russian-built aircraft until 2012.[35] In 2012 Cubana has completely renovated its fleet with new-generation Russian airliners. As part of its renovation strategy, Cubana has sought to upgrade its technical support capabilities. The airline established a joint venture company with Iberia Airlines of Spain in 2005, to maintain and overhaul Western-built aircraft, such as Airbus and Boeing.

In {{start date|2004|7}}, the airline placed an order for two convertible Ilyushin Il-96-300s in a {{US$|110|link=yes}} million deal;[36][37] 85% of that price was financed by a loan from Roseximbank,[38] while Cuba's Aviaimport raised the money for the balance.[39] In {{start date|2005|12}}, Cubana received the first of these aircraft,[37][41] becoming the first customer of the type beyond the Russian borders.[1] In {{start date|2006|4}}, Cuba signed another deal —worth {{US$|250}} million this time— on behalf of Cubana for the purchase of another two Il-96-300s and three Tupolev Tu-204s.[43] Two of these Tu-204s, one passenger and one cargo version, were handed over to the carrier in {{MONTHNAME|6}} and {{start date|2007|8}}, respectively.[44][45] During the {{start date|2007|8}} MAKS Airshow Cubana signed a memorandum of understanding with Ilyushin Finance Company (IFC) for the purchase of another two Tu-204s and three Antonov An-148s.[46] A Tu-204 freighter was never delivered to the company due to financing problems.[47]

In {{start date|2012|7}}, Cubana de Aviación signed a contract with IFC for the delivery of {{cardinal to word|3}} Antonov An-158 aircraft.[48] In {{start date|2013|2}}, Cubana signed a deal for the order of three 350-seater Ilyushin Il-96-400s.[49] In {{MONTHNAME|4}} the same year, Cubana received its first Antonov An-158;[2][3] Cubana received another {{cardinal to word|2}} An-158s during {{YEAR|2013}}.[53] The delivery of the {{ordinal to word|3}} example marked the signing of another contract for {{cardinal to word|3}} more aircraft of the type, scheduled for delivery in {{YEAR|2014}}.[48] A {{ordinal to word|4}} An-158 was delivered in {{start date|2014|4}}; {{as of|2014|7|lc=yes}}, Antonov was to deliver to the airline a {{ordinal to word|5}} aircraft of the type.[53]

Destinations

{{main|List of Cubana de Aviación destinations}}

Cubana operates flights to over 20 destinations in Cuba, Europe, the Caribbean, North, Central and South America.

Codeshare agreements

Cubana de Aviación codeshares with the following airlines:[4]

  • Aeroflot
  • Air Caraïbes
  • Avianca
  • Avianca El Salvador
  • Blue Panorama Airlines
  • Neos

Fleet

Current fleet

{{As of|2017|8}}, Cubana operates the following aircraft:[6][7]
Cubana fleet
AircraftIn serviceOrdersPassengersNotes
C Y Total
Antonov An-1586——9999All grounded as of May 2018, due to technical issues.[8]
ATR 42-5001—TBA
Ilyushin Il-96-3004[5]—18244262[9]
Ilyushin Il-96-400—3[49]TBA
Tupolev Tu-204-1001—12212224[10]
Cargo fleet
Tupolev Tu-204-100EC2—Cargo1 Stored
Total143

Former fleet

The airline operated the following aircraft all through its history:{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

{{Div col}}
  • Antonov An-12[67]
  • Antonov An-24B[33]
  • Antonov An-24RV[7]
  • Antonov An-26
  • Antonov An-26B
  • Antonov An-30
  • Bristol Britannia 318[6]
  • Douglas C-47A
  • Douglas C-47B
  • Douglas C-54A
  • Ilyushin Il-14[67]
  • Ilyushin Il-18[67]
  • Ilyushin Il-62
  • Ilyushin Il-62M[7]
  • L-1049[8]
  • L-1049E
  • L-1049G[8]
  • Tupolev Tu-154B
  • Tupolev Tu-154M
  • Vickers Viscount Series 810
  • Vickers Viscount 755[8]
  • Yakovlev Yak-40
  • Yakovlev Yak-40K
  • Yakovlev Yak-42D[7]
{{div col end}}

Accidents and incidents

{{Main|Cubana de Aviación accidents and incidents}}

See also

  • List of airlines of Cuba
  • Transport in Cuba

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iata.org/about/history.htm |title=The International Air Transport Association History (The Founding of IATA)}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cubana.cu/html/ingles/compania_e01.html |title=Cubana is a founder and member of the International Association of Aeronautical Telecommunications (SITA) and of the International Association of Latin American Air Transportation (AITAL) |date=|year=2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220193322/http://www.cubana.cu/html/ingles/compania_e01.html |archivedate=20 December 2008 }}
3. ^{{cite news|title="Антонов" передал второй Ан-158 на Кубу |language=Russian |trans-title=Antonov handed over the second An-158 to Cuba |url=http://www.unian.net/news/585579-antonov-peredal-vtoroy-an-158-na-kubu.html |newspaper=www.unian.net |date={{Date|2013-7-25}} |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPMSbCux?url=http://www.unian.net/news/585579-antonov-peredal-vtoroy-an-158-na-kubu.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
4. ^{{cite web|url= http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/cubana-de-aviacion-cu|title= Profile on Cubana de Aviacion|website= CAPA Centre for Aviation|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170413124623/https://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/cubana-de-aviacion-cu|archive-date= 13 April 2017|dead-url= no}}
5. ^1 {{cite news|title= Russian manufacturer to modernize the Ilyushin Il-96|first= Polina|last= Montag-Girmes|publisher= Air Transport World|date= 10 February 2017|url= http://atwonline.com/manufacturers/russian-manufacturer-modernize-ilyushin-il-96|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170211132711/http://atwonline.com/manufacturers/russian-manufacturer-modernize-ilyushin-il-96|archive-date= 11 February 2017}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Global Airline Guide 2017 (Part One)|journal=Airliner World|issue=October 2017|page=13|accessdate=29 September 2017}}
7. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.diariodecuba.com/cuba/1479766155_26884.html | title=Cubana's fleet: VIPs come first | work=Diario de Cuba | date=21 November 2016 | accessdate=6 February 2017 | author=Suárez, Michel}}
8. ^http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article211426019.html
9. ^{{cite web |title=Antonov AN-24D |publisher=Cubana de Aviación |url=http://www.cubana.cu/guide/?article=IL-96 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105194710/http://www.cubana.cu/guide/?article=Il-96 |archivedate=5 November 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-1}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
10. ^{{cite web |title=Tupolev TU-204 CE |publisher=Cubana de Aviación |url=http://www.cubana.cu/guide/?article=TU-204 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212052148/http://www.cubana.cu/guide/?article=TU-204 |archivedate=12 February 2013 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-1}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
11. ^1 {{cite news|title=Cuba Il-96-300s |date={{date|2004-7-27}} |agency=Flight International |publisher=Flightglobal.com |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cuba-il-96-300s-185164/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AllbpjyX?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cuba-il-96-300s-185164/ |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
12. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Cubana buys Antonov An-158 and Il-96-400s |first=Rob |last=Vogelaar |agency=Ria Novosti |publisher=AviationNews.eu |date={{Date|2013-2-22}} |url=http://www.aviationnews.eu/2013/02/22/cubana-buys-antonov-an-158-and-il-96-400s/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPb1kzS7?url=http://www.aviationnews.eu/2013/02/22/cubana-buys-antonov-an-158-and-il-96-400s/ |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
13. ^1 2 {{cite news|title= Cubana de Aviacion получила третий самолет АН-158|language= Ukrainian|trans-title=Cubana de Aviacion received a third An-158|work= ДЕЛО|date= {{Date|2013-8-28}}|url= http://delo.ua/business/ifk-peredala-kubinskoj-aviakompanii-cubana-de-aviacion-tretij-sa-213498/|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140809142601/http://delo.ua/business/ifk-peredala-kubinskoj-aviakompanii-cubana-de-aviacion-tretij-sa-213498/|archivedate= 9 August 2014|df= dmy-all}} 
14. ^1 2 3 {{flatlist}}*{{allow wrap|{{cite news|last= Pyadushkin|first= Maxim|title= Cubana Takes Delivery Of First An-158 (page 1 of 2)|url= http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_05_20_2013_p40-574850.xml|newspaper= Aviation Week|date= {{Date|2013-5-20}}|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6IPLHcTka?url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2FAW_05_20_2013_p40-574850.xml|archivedate= 26 July 2013|deadurl= yes|df= dmy-all}}}}*{{allow wrap|{{cite news|title= Cubana Takes Delivery Of First An-158 (page 2 of 2)|url= http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_05_20_2013_p40-574850.xml&p=2|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6IPLHrLOc?url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2FAW_05_20_2013_p40-574850.xml&p=2|archivedate= 26 July 2013|deadurl= yes|df= dmy-all}}}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite news|title= Cubana takes first VIP Ilyushin Il-96|first= Vladimir|last= Karnozov|location= Moscow|agency= Flight International|publisher= Flightglobal|date= {{date|2006-1-10}}|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cubana-takes-first-vip-ilyushin-il-96-203969/|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150122225906/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cubana-takes-first-vip-ilyushin-il-96-203969/|archivedate= 22 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
16. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Cuba Replaces Soviet-Era Passenger Aircraft |publisher=Airwise News |agency=Reuters |date={{date|2006-3-29}} |url=http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1143592654.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E5X7tOqk?url=http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1143592654.html |archivedate=31 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
17. ^1 {{cite news|title=Cubana’s Il-96-300 ready as VASO gets a boost |date={{date|2005-8-2}} |agency=Flight International |publisher=Flightglobal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cubanas-il-96-300-ready-as-vaso-gets-a-boost-200606/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AnIHaR1k?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cubanas-il-96-300-ready-as-vaso-gets-a-boost-200606/ |archivedate=19 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-19}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
18. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Air commerce... |journal=Flight International |date={{date|1962-2-15}} |page=238 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200236.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68cpqWTwC?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200236.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |quote=First picture of the Britannia 318, formerly operated by Cubana, in the markings of CSA. Earlier this month the Czechoslovak airline inaugurated a scheduled service between Prague and Havana with transit rights at Manchester and Prestwick, where this picture was taken |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
19. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The World's airlines... – Compania Cubana de Aviacion SA{{--}}Cubana |journal=Flight International |date={{date|1962-4-12}} |page=560 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200562.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DlYZP4EY?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200562.html |archivedate=18 January 2013 |accessdate={{date|2013-1-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
20. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The World's Airlines{{mdash}}Ceskoslovenské Aerolinie{{ndash}}CSA |journal=Flight International |date={{date|1962-4-12}} |page=562 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200564.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68cqZmPUO?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200564.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2013-1-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
21. ^1 {{flatlist|*{{allow wrap|{{cite journal |title=Latin-American low fare challenge (page 886) |journal=Flight International |date={{date|1962-6-7}} |pages=886–887 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200888.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68cmDAC4W?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200888.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-23}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy}}}}*{{allow wrap|{{cite journal |title=Latin-American low fare challenge (page 887) |journal=Flight International |format=PDF |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200889.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68clsmgKU?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200889.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-23}} |quote=Conspicuously absent is Cubana de Aviacion, one of the oldest airlines in Latin America, whose Viscounts were recently sold by the Castro regime and at least one of whose four Britannias, diverted to the Havana - Gander, Newfoundland - Prague run, now flies bearing the colours of CSA, the Czech state airline. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy}}}}}}
22. ^1 {{cite journal|title=World airline survey... – Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviación |journal=Flight International |date={{Date|1964-4-2}} |page=510 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%200901.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPGeIcnz?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%200901.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
23. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Air transport... |journal=Flight International |date={{Date|1966-1-13}} |page=50 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%200076.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPJzWgY4?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%200076.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |quote=Cubana's only Antonov An-12 seen at Shannon Airport at the end of last month on its first flight outside Cuba since delivery about two years ago. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
24. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine|title= World airline survey – Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviacion|journal= Flight International|volume= 91|number= 3031|date= {{Date|1967-4-13}}|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200583.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117191752/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200583.html|archivedate= 17 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
25. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=New CSA service to Havana |journal=Flight International |date={{date|1962-1-11}} |page=73 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200073.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68co2OdRS?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1962/1962%20-%200073.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-23}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
26. ^1 2 {{flatlist}}*{{allow wrap|{{cite magazine|title= World airlines 1970 – Cubana (Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviacion)|journal= Flight International|volume= 97|number= 3185|date= {{Date|1970-3-26}}|page= 479|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200529.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150201205701/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200529.html|archivedate= 1 February 2015|df= dmy-all}}  }}*{{allow wrap|{{cite magazine|title= World airlines 1970 – Cubana (Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviacion)|journal= Flight International|date= {{Date|1980-3-26}}|page= 480|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200530.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150201210409/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200530.html|archivedate= 1 February 2015|df= dmy-all}}  }}{{endflatlist}}
27. ^1 {{cite journal|title= World airline directory–Cubana (Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviacion|journal= Flight International|issn= 0015-3710|date= 14–20 March 1990|volume= 137|issue= 4237|page= 84|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%200736.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170930141852/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%200736.html|archive-date= 30 September 2017|dead-url= no}}
28. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|title= Directory: world airlines – Cubana de Aviacion|journal= Flight International|issn= 0015-3710|volume= 165|number= 4926|date= 23–29 March 2004|page= 59|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%200181.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117165523/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%200181.html|archivedate= 17 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
29. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Airline companies of the World – Cia. Nacional Cubana de Aviacion, S.A. |journal=Flight |volume=XXXV |number=1583 |date={{Date|1939-4-27}} |page=433 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201270.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6MVH9WtkX?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201270.html |archivedate=9 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
30. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The World's Airlines...{{ndash}}Compañía Cubana de Aviación, S.A. |journal=Flight |date={{date|1953-3-6}} |page=311 |format=PDF |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1953/1953%20-%200313.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68hLIkSMr?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1953/1953%20-%200313.html |archivedate=26 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-26}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
31. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The World's Airlines...{{ndash}}Compañia Cubana de Aviación, S.A. |journal=Flight |date={{date|1954-5-21}} |page=676 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%201519.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68hLceRXN?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%201519.html |archivedate=26 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-26}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
32. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Brevities |journal=Flight |date={{date|1954-12-3}} |page=816 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%203225.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68hKmYku7?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%203225.html |archivedate=26 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-26}} |quote=Cuba's international airline, Compania Cubana de Aviacion, last week inaugurated a Super Constellation service from Mexico City to Madrid via Havana, Bermuda, the Azores and Lisbon. The first of this company's three Super Connies has established an unofficial record for the 2,300-mile journey from Havana to Los Angeles, covering the route in 7 hr 20 min at an average speed of just over 313 m.p.h. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
33. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Airwork Viscounts sold |journal=Flight |date={{Date|1956-1-6}} |page=27 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1956/1956%20-%200027.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPDHj4vz?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1956/1956%20-%200027.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
34. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=World airline directory{{--}}Compania Cubana de Aviación S.A.{{spaced ndash}}Cubana |journal=Flight |date={{Date|1957-5-3}} |pages=600 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200598.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IOy3KXU9?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200598.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
35. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Civil aviation – Britannias for Cubana |journal=Flight |date={{date|1957-6-14}} |page=816 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200810.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68eDWvsN4?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200810.html |archivedate=24 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
36. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Brevities... |journal=Flight |date={{date|1957-6-21}} |page=851 |format=PDF |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200845.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68eDDveW0?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%200845.html |archivedate=24 June 2012 |quote=Compania Cubana de Aviacion —who recently announced their order for two Britannia 310s— have also ordered two Boeing 707s and taken an option on a third. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
37. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=Brevities... |journal=Flight |date={{date|1958-8-15}} |page=246 |format=PDF |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200242.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68eF5GMRO?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200242.html |archivedate=24 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-24}} |quote=As this issue went to press Bristol announced a Cubana repeat-order for two more Britannia 318s for delivery next spring. The two aircraft ordered in May 1957 will be delivered by the end of this year. Both orders together are valued at $14m. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
38. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|title= World Airline Directory{{mdash}}Compania Cubana de Aviacion, S.A.{{spaced ndash}}Cubana|journal= Flight|volume= 73|number= 2569|date= {{date|1958-4-18}}|page= 535|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200519.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117171201/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200519.html|archivedate= 17 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
39. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Cubana's revolution |journal=Flight |date={{date|1958-12-26}} |page=988 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200980.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68eFlabl1?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200980.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
40. ^1 {{cite journal|title=From all quarters |journal=Flight |date={{Date|1959-1-9}} |volume=75 |page=52 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200140.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IP9LEDRQ?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200140.html |archivedate=26 July 2013 |quote=The first of four Britannia 318s ordered by Compania Cubana inaugurated scheduled services on December 22 between Havana—whither it had been delivered the previous week—and New York. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
41. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title= Air commerce – Cubana Britannias|journal= Flight|date= {{Date|1959-1-30}}|page= 159|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200344.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117175251/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200344.html|archivedate= 17 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
42. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Brevities |journal=Flight |date={{date|1961-7-6}} |page=27 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%200927.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68crqGvoj?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%200927.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2013-1-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
43. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Brevities |journal=Flight |date={{date|1961-11-23}} |page=797 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%201693.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68cpI9tRu?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%201693.html |archivedate=23 June 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-6-23}} |quote=A Bristol Britannia 318 has been acquired by the Czech airline CSA from Cubana. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
44. ^1 {{cite news|title=MAKS: Atlant-Soyuz customer for four 737-700s; Ilyushin sells 96 more aircraft |first=Brian |last=Straus |publisher=Air Transport World |date={{date|2007-8-24}} |url=http://atwonline.com/aircraftenginescomponents/news/other-news-04112006-0309-1 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AmCAtXL6?url=http://atwonline.com/aircraftenginescomponents/news/maks-atlant-soyuz-customer-four-737-700s-ilyushin-sells-96-more-aircr |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
45. ^1 {{cite news|title= Other News - 04/11/2006|publisher= Air Transport World|date= {{date|2006-4-12}}|url= http://atwonline.com/aircraftenginescomponents/news/other-news-04112006-0309-1|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6AmAt3Hks?url=http://atwonline.com/aircraftenginescomponents/news/other-news-04112006-0309-1|archivedate= {{date|2012-9-18}}|accessdate= {{date|2012-9-18}}}}
46. ^1 {{cite news|title=PICTURE: Cubana takes delivery of first Tu-204 freighter |location=London |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date={{date|2007-8-3}} |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-cubana-takes-delivery-of-first-tu-204-freighter-215930/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AlkIrsSD?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-cubana-takes-delivery-of-first-tu-204-freighter-215930/ |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
47. ^1 {{cite news|title=Pictures: First Tupolev Tu-204 for Cubana prepared for delivery |first=Vladimir |last=Karnozov |location=London |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date={{date|2007-6-12}} |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-first-tupolev-tu-204-for-cubana-prepared-for-delivery-214570/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AllExWyo?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-first-tupolev-tu-204-for-cubana-prepared-for-delivery-214570/ |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
48. ^1 {{cite news|last= Kaminski-Morrow|first= David|title= Russia completes 'hot and high' testing with Cubana Ilyushin Il-96-300 in Ecuador|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-completes-39hot-and-high39-testing-with-cubana-ilyushin-il-96-300-in-208597/|publisher= Flightglobal|date= {{Date|2006-8-22}}|location= London|quote= The tests involved one of the Il-96-300s, registered CU-T1251, delivered to Cuban flag-carrier Cubana de Aviación towards the end of last year.|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150122230407/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-completes-39hot-and-high39-testing-with-cubana-ilyushin-il-96-300-in-208597/|archivedate= 22 January 2015|df= dmy-all}} 
49. ^1 {{cite news|title=Russia delivers, barely |date={{date|2009-2-2}} |agency=Flight International |publisher=Flightglobal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-delivers-barely-321879/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AnHY2jVX?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-delivers-barely-321879/ |archivedate=19 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-19}} |quote=Cubana de Aviacion did not take a Tu-204-100CE freighter, rebuffing attempts by Russia's VneshTorgBank to charge it a higher interest rate than the agreed 7-8%, a figure that had been approved by the Russian and Cuban governments. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
50. ^1 {{cite news|title=Russia expands a key aircraft market in Cuba |publisher=Reuters |date={{date|2007-8-6}} |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/governmentFilingsNews/idUKN0642909120070806 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AmNazbnk?url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/08/06/cuba-russia-planes-idUKN0642909120070806 |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
51. ^1 {{cite news|title=Russian loans for Cubana |agency=Airline Business |publisher=Flightglobal |date={{date|2006-1-23}} |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-loans-for-cubana-204328/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Alo8UGvA?url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-loans-for-cubana-204328/ |archivedate=18 September 2012 |accessdate={{date|2012-9-18}} |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
52. ^1 2 {{cite news|title= Украина отправит на Кубу уже пятый Ан-158|language= Ukrainian|trans-title=Ukraine to deliver the fifth An-158 to Cuba|work= Телеграф|date= {{Date|2014-7-17}}|url= http://telegraf.com.ua/biznes/kompanii/1383832-ukraina-otpravit-na-kubu-uzhe-pyatyiy-an-158.html|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140809140833/http://telegraf.com.ua/biznes/kompanii/1383832-ukraina-otpravit-na-kubu-uzhe-pyatyiy-an-158.html|archivedate= 9 August 2014|df= dmy-all}} 
|url=http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/antonov-enterprise-passes-second-regional-an-158-aircraft-to-cubana-de-aviacion/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPa5rHdW?url=http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/antonov-enterprise-passes-second-regional-an-158-aircraft-to-cubana-de-aviacion/ |archivedate=26 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]
|30em}}

External links

{{commons category inline|Cubana}}
  • {{Official website|1=http://www.cubana.cu/home/?lang=en}}
  • Sol Y Son - Cubana Airlines Inflight Magazine
{{Portalbar|Cuba|Aviation|Companies}}{{use dmy dates|date=June 2012}}{{Cuba topics}}{{IATA members|latinam}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cubana De Aviacion}}

8 : Cubana de Aviación|Airlines of Cuba|Government-owned airlines|Airlines established in 1929|1929 establishments in Cuba|IATA members|Latin American and Caribbean Air Transport Association|Cuban brands
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