| 词条 | Abakan |
| 释义 |
| en_name = Abakan | ru_name = Абакан | loc_name1 = Ағбан, Абахан | loc_lang1 = Khakas | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = Wallpaper meria.jpg | image_caption = Abakan City Administration building | image_map = | map_caption = | map_label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|53|43|N|91|28|E|display=inline,title}} | image_flag = Flag of Abakan (Khakassia).png | flag_caption = | image_coa = Coat of Arms of Abakan (Khakassia).png | coa_caption = | anthem = none | anthem_ref = [1] | holiday = Second to last Saturday in August | holiday_ref = [2] | federal_subject = Republic of Khakassia | federal_subject_ref = [3] | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = | adm_inhabloc_jur = City of Abakan | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = [3] | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = Republic of Khakassia | capital_of_ref = [3][3] | adm_ctr_of1 = City of Abakan | adm_ctr_of1_ref = [3] | adm_ctr_of2 = | adm_ctr_of2_ref = | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City | inhabloc_cat_ref = [3] | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = | mun_district_jur_ref = | urban_okrug_jur = Abakan Urban Okrug | urban_okrug_jur_ref = [9] | urban_settlement_jur = | urban_settlement_jur_ref = | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Abakan Urban Okrug | mun_admctr_of1_ref = [9] | mun_admctr_of2 = | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head | leader_title_ref = [4] | leader_name = Nikolay Bulakin | leader_name_ref = [5] | representative_body = Council of Deputies | representative_body_ref = [4] | elevation_m = | area_km2 = | area_km2_ref = | pop_2010census = 165214 | pop_2010census_rank = 109th | pop_2010census_ref = [14] | pop_density = | pop_latest = 173200 | pop_latest_date = January 2014 | pop_latest_ref = [6] | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = | established_date = 1675 | established_title = | established_date_ref = [16] | current_cat_date = April 30, 1931 | current_cat_date_ref = [17] | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 655000–655012, 655014–655019, 655022, 655400, 655899, 655961, 655965, 655966 | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 3902 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://абакан.рф }}Abakan ({{lang-rus|Абака́н|p=ɐbɐˈkan}}; Khakas: {{lang|kjh|Ағбан}} or {{lang|kjh|Абахан}}) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214[7]—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census[8] and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.[9] HistoryAbakansky ostrog ({{lang|ru|Абаканский острог}}), also known as Abakansk ({{lang|ru|Абаканск}}), was built at the mouth of the Abakan River in 1675.[10] In the 1780s, the selo of Ust-Abakanskoye ({{lang|ru|Усть-Абаканское}}) was established in this area.[10] It was granted town status and given its current name on April 30, 1931.[11] Chinese exilesIn 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and Askiz. When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1941–1945, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era (206 BC–220 AD) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside of the borders of the Han Empire, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist L.A. Yevtyukhova surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BCE, and defected to them as a result.[12] While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by A.A. Kovalyov as the residence of Lu Fang (盧芳), a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.[13] Lithuanian exilesIn the late 18th and during the 19th century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830–1831, and 1863 rebellions against Russian rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of camps was established where prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After Stalin's death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in.[14] Administrative and municipal statusAbakan is the capital of the republic.[15][16] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Abakan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts[15] As a municipal division, the City of Abakan is incorporated as Abakan Urban Okrug.[17] EconomyThe city has a river port, industry enterprises, Katanov State University of Khakasia, and three theatres. Furthermore, it has a commercial center that produces footwear, foodstuffs, and metal products. TransportationAbakan (together with Tayshet) was a terminal of the major Abakan-Taishet Railway. Now it is an important railway junction. The city is served by the Abakan International Airport. MilitaryThe 100th Air Assault Brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops was based in the city until circa 1996.[18] SitesAbakan's sites of interest include:
SportsBandy, similar to hockey, is the one of the most popular sports in the city. Sayany-Khakassia[19] was playing in the top-tier Super League in the 2012–13 season but was relegated for the 2013–14 season and has been playing in the Russian Bandy Supreme League ever since. Russian Government Cup was played here in 1988 and in 2012. GeographyClimateAbakan has a borderline humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dwb)/cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). Temperature differences between seasons are extreme, which is typical for Siberia. Precipitation is concentrated in the summer and is less common because of rain shadow from nearby mountains. {{Weather box|width = auto |location=Abakan |single line=yes |metric first=yes |Jan record high C=7.0 |Feb record high C=9.0 |Mar record high C=20.0 |Apr record high C=27.2 |May record high C=38.0 |Jun record high C=37.2 |Jul record high C=39.0 |Aug record high C=37.0 |Sep record high C=34.0 |Oct record high C=24.0 |Nov record high C=16.1 |Dec record high C=11.0 |year record high C=39.0 |Jan high C=−13.9 |Feb high C=−9.4 |Mar high C=1.1 |Apr high C=9.4 |May high C=18.9 |Jun high C=23.3 |Jul high C=26.1 |Aug high C=23.9 |Sep high C=16.7 |Oct high C=6.7 |Nov high C=-5.6 |Dec high C = −13.9 |year high C = 7.2 |Jan mean C = -18.3 |Feb mean C = -15.6 |Mar mean C = -4.4 |Apr mean C = 2.8 |May mean C = 11.7 |Jun mean C = 17.2 |Jul mean C = 20.0 |Aug mean C = 17.2 |Sep mean C = 10.6 |Oct mean C = 1.7 |Nov mean C = -9.4 |Dec mean C = -17.2 |year mean C = 1.7 |Jan low C = −22.8 |Feb low C = −21.1 |Mar low C = −10.0 |Apr low C = -3.3 |May low C = 5.0 |Jun low C = 11.1 |Jul low C = 13.9 |Aug low C = 11.1 |Sep low C = 4.4 |Oct low C = -2.8 |Nov low C = −12.8 |Dec low C = −20.6 |year low C = −3.9 |Jan record low C = −45.0 |Feb record low C = −40.0 |Mar record low C = −38.1 |Apr record low C = −22.2 |May record low C = −10.5 |Jun record low C = −4.9 |Jul record low C = 4.1 |Aug record low C = 0.5 |Sep record low C = −8.0 |Oct record low C = −23.0 |Nov record low C = −37.5 |Dec record low C = −42.8 |year record low C = −45.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 7.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 5.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 4.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 11.2 |May precipitation mm = 29.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 58.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 59.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 35.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 17.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 10.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 7.8 |year precipitation mm = 314.4 |source 1 = climatebase.ru[20] |date=November 2011}} ReferencesNotes1. ^Article 7 of the Charter of Abakan lists a flag and a coat of arms but not an anthem among the symbols of the city 2. ^Charter of Abakan, Article 7 3. ^{{harvnb|Munro|1995|p=2}} 4. ^1 Charter of Abakan, Article 20 5. ^Official website of Abakan. Nikolay Genrikhovich Bulakin {{ru icon}} 6. ^Republic of Khakassia Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения на начало года {{ru icon}} 7. ^1 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 8. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 9. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|trans-title="Cities and Towns of Russia" Encyclopedia|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=13}} 11. ^1 Resolution of April 30, 1931 12. ^{{harvnb|Yevtyukhova|1954}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}} 13. ^{{harvnb|Kovalyov|2007|p=148}} 14. ^{{harvnb|Juodvalkytė|2001}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #20 16. ^{{harvnb|Hoiberg|1993|p=7}} 17. ^1 2 Law #59 18. ^{{harvnb|Schofield|1993}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}} 19. ^Team picture of Sayany-Khakassia 20. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2012a}} Sources{{Refbegin}}
|ru_entity=Президиум Центрального исполнительного комитета СССР |ru_type=Постановление |ru_date=30 апреля 1931 г. |ru_title=О преобразовании села Усть-Абаканское, центра Хакасской автономной области, в город с переименованием его в "Абакан" |ru_effective_date= |ru_published_in= |ru_published_date= |ru_url= |en_entity=Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR |en_type=Resolution |en_date=April 30, 1931 |en_title=On the Transformation of the Selo of Ust-Abakanskoye, the Center of Khakas Autonomous Oblast, into a City and on Renaming It "Abakan" |en_effective_date= |en_url= }}
External links{{Wikivoyage|Abakan}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Abakansk}}
4 : Cities and towns in Khakassia|Yeniseysk Governorate|Populated places established in 1675|1675 establishments in Russia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。