| 词条 | Abbeville, South Carolina |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Abbeville, South Carolina |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = "Pretty. Near. Perfect." |image_skyline = AbbevilleSC operahouse.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Abbeville Opera House |image_flag = |image_seal = ||pushpin_map = South Carolina#USA#North America |pushpin_label = Abbeville |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of South Carolina |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = South Carolina |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Abbeville |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name = Delano Freeman |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 15.87 |area_land_km2 = 15.84 |area_water_km2 = 0.03 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 5237 |population_density_km2 = 330.6 |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = −4 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 180 |elevation_ft = 591 |coordinates = {{coord|34|10|42.7584|N|82|22|39.6732|W|region:US-SC_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 29620 |area_code = 864 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 45-00100[1] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1244839[2] |website = {{URL|www.abbevillecitysc.com}} |footnotes = }}Abbeville is a city in Abbeville County, South Carolina, United States, {{convert|86|miles|km}} west of Columbia and {{convert|45|miles|km}} south of Greenville.[3] Its population was 5,237 at the 2010 census.[1] It is the county seat of Abbeville County.[3][6] Settled by French Huguenot settlers, it was named, along with the county, for the French town of the same name.[3][4] HistoryAbbeville was established by French Huguenots in 1764,[6] at a site named by John de la Howe.[5] It was incorporated in 1840.[3] Famed states' rights advocate and Vice President John C. Calhoun first practiced law in Abbeville, and he was born on a farm on the outskirts[5] in what is now Mt. Carmel.[6] Anthony Crawford was lynched here in 1916. Abbeville and the American Civil WarAbbeville has the unique distinction of being both the birthplace and the deathbed of the Confederacy. On November 22, 1860, a meeting was held at Abbeville, at a site since dubbed "Secession Hill", to launch South Carolina's secession from the Union;[14][7] one month later, the state of South Carolina became the first state to secede. At the end of the Civil War, with the Confederacy in shambles, Confederate President Jefferson Davis fled Richmond, Virginia, and headed south, stopping for a night in Abbeville at the home of his friend Armistead Burt. It was on May 2, 1865, in the front parlor of what is now known as the Burt-Stark Mansion that Jefferson Davis officially acknowledged the dissolution of the Confederate government, in the last official cabinet meeting.[14][7] 2003 right-of-way standoff{{Main|2003 Abbeville, South Carolina right-of-way standoff}}On December 8, 2003, in a 14-hour standoff that stemmed from a land-survey dispute, two Abbeville lawmen were killed by West Abbeville resident Steven Bixby. This siege has been compared by both sympathizers of the Bixbys and law enforcement agents to the events of Waco and Ruby Ridge.[8] In February 2007, Steven Bixby was convicted on 17 counts including the two murders, as well as lesser charges of kidnapping and conspiracy. He was given two death sentences for the murders plus 125 years in prison on the other charges. Architectural mentionThe Abbeville County Courthouse, Abbeville Historic District, Abbeville Opera House, Armistead Burt House, Patrick Calhoun Family Cemetery, Cedar Springs Historic District, Harbison College President's Home, Trinity Episcopal Church and Cemetery and Upper Long Cane Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[9][10] Abbeville is also the location of the tallest building in South Carolina, the Prysmian Copper Wire Tower. Built in 2009, the tower is {{convert|373|ft}} tall and has 30 floors.[11] Notable people
GeographyAbbeville is located at {{coord|34|10|42.7584|N|82|22|39.6732|W|region:US-SC_type:city}},[19] and is within the Piedmont Upland geographical region.[20][21] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|15.9|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|0.03|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 0.19%, is water.[1] Nearby is the Sumter National Forest.[5] ClimateAbbeville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Winters are cool, sometimes cold, and short in duration. Summers are hot and humid. The transitional seasons of spring and fall can vary in temperature but tend to be warm. In the summer highs usually peak in the mid 90s, but temperatures over {{convert|100|°F|1}} occur on occasion, most recently in the summer of 2012 during a heat wave. That year, the all-time record high of {{convert|109|°F|1}} was recorded on July 1.[22]{{failed verification|date=May 2015}} In the winter highs are in the low to mid 50s and lows are right around freezing, seldom dropping below {{convert|25|°F|1}}. Precipitation is well distributed throughout the year. Afternoon thunderstorms are a common occurrence in the summer months and can bring heavy winds and lightning. Snow is rare, falling every few years. On March 31, 1973, an F4 tornado struck Abbeville and killed 7 people, making it the deadliest single tornado in 1973.[23] The area was struck by two tornadoes on April 10, 2009. No fatalities were recorded, but the majority of the city lost power and many buildings sustained significant damage.[23][24] {{Weather box|location = Abbeville, SC |single line = Y |metric first = |Jan record high F = 82 |Feb record high F = 80 |Mar record high F = 89 |Apr record high F = 92 |May record high F = 97 |Jun record high F = 105 |Jul record high F = 109 |Aug record high F = 107 |Sep record high F = 104 |Oct record high F = 100 |Nov record high F = 89 |Dec record high F = 78 |year record high F = 109 |Jan high F = 53 |Feb high F = 58 |Mar high F = 66 |Apr high F = 74 |May high F = 82 |Jun high F = 88 |Jul high F = 91 |Aug high F = 90 |Sep high F = 84 |Oct high F = 74 |Nov high F = 65 |Dec high F = 55 |year high F = 73 |Jan low F = 31 |Feb low F = 34 |Mar low F = 40 |Apr low F = 48 |May low F = 57 |Jun low F = 66 |Jul low F = 70 |Aug low F = 69 |Sep low F = 62 |Oct low F = 50 |Nov low F = 41 |Dec low F = 33 |year low F = 50 |Jan record low F = -2 |Feb record low F = 2 |Mar record low F = 3 |Apr record low F = 24 |May record low F = 32 |Jun record low F = 41 |Jul record low F = 53 |Aug record low F = 50 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 25 |Nov record low F = 13 |Dec record low F = 1 |year record low F = -2 |rain colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 4.16 |Feb precipitation inch = 4.60 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.68 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.85 |May precipitation inch = 3.40 |Jun precipitation inch = 3.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 4.01 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.68 |Sep precipitation inch = 3.11 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.45 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.62 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.76 |year precipitation inch = 44.77 |source 1 = [25]{{failed verification|date=May 2015}} |date=May 2014 }} Demographics{{US Census population|1850= 1251 |1860= 592 |1880= 1543 |1890= 1696 |1900= 3766 |1910= 4459 |1920= 4570 |1930= 4414 |1940= 4930 |1950= 5395 |1960= 5436 |1970= 5515 |1980= 5833 |1990= 5778 |2000= 5840 |2010= 5237 |estyear=2016 |estimate=5168 |estref=[26] |align-fn=center |footnote=[https://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census] }} 2000As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 5,840 people, 2,396 households, and 1,574 families residing in the city. The population density was 995.2 people per square mile (384.1/km²). There were 2,654 housing units at an average density of 452.3 per square mile (174.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 50.46% White, 48.48% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population. There were 2,396 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 23.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $25,756, and the median income for a family was $30,040. Males had a median income of $28,339 versus $21,824 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,274. About 16.3% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over. Abbeville is the center of a small urban cluster with a total population of 6,038 (2000 census). 2010As of the 2010 census[27] the population of Abbeville was 5,237. The racial composition of the city was 46.9% White, 50.5% Black or African American, 0.9% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% of other races, and 1.5% of Two or more races. EconomyAgriculture and forestry are important industries in the area. Crops that are grown in quantities are cotton, soybeans, corn, oats, wheat, and peaches. Livestock, dairy cows, and poultry are also raised in the area. Finally textiles are the chief manufactured product, in particular, clothing. After the North American Free Trade Agreement clothing is no longer made in Abbeville. Also represented are plastic and metal products.[20][21] CultureAbbeville GypsyAbbeville is the homeplace of a holiday pudding dessert called Gypsy. Gypsy consists of pound or sponge cake, boiled custard, sherry, whipping cream, and almonds. Variations of recipe substituting bourbon for sherry exist. It resembles English trifle and has been referred to as "tipsy pudding" and southern tiramisu. It is usually cooked for Thanksgiving and/or Christmas in many "old Abbeville" families. The dish is not known to exist outside of Abbeville other than in families who moved from Abbeville eslewhere. It is usually served in a special stemmed, medium-sized, decorative crystal compote.[28] The origins of Gypsy go back to late 19th century. There is a mention of Gispy cake in 1831 edition William Kitchiner's The Cook's Oracle, which may have been a prototype for the Abbeville Gypsy.[29] A local legend tells a story of an unknown woman serving Gypsy to Confederate President Jefferson Davis at the end of the Civil War in 1865. Theresa C.Brown included a recipe for Gipsy cake in the Creams chapter of her Modern Domestic Cookery (1871). [30][31] See also{{portal|South Carolina}}
Footnotes1. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Anon|2014}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2015}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2014a}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Gannett|1905|p=22}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010|p=11}} 6. ^1 {{harvnb|Ragsdale|Jacob|Nystrom|1989|p=729}} 7. ^1 {{harvnb|Canby|1984|p=2}} 8. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2003|p=2}} 9. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2011a}} 10. ^{{harvnb|The Historic American Buildings Survey|Historic American Engineering Record|1995|p=899}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2015a}} 12. ^{{harvnb|Galgoul|Wilson|Konya|1967|p=160}} 13. ^{{harvnb|Galgoul|Wilson|Konya|1967|p=192}} 14. ^{{harvnb|Ragsdale|Jacob|Nystrom|1989|p=831}} 15. ^{{harvnb|Galgoul|Wilson|Konya|1967|p=389}} 16. ^{{harvnb|Galgoul|Wilson|Konya|1967|p=552}} 17. ^{{harvnb|Ragsdale|Jacob|Nystrom|1989|p=1805}} 18. ^{{harvnb|Anon|1900}} 19. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2015b}} 20. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|Johnston|1997|p=8}} 21. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Cohen|1998|p=3}} 22. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2012}} 23. ^1 {{harvnb|Lietz|2015}} 24. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2009}} 25. ^{{harvnb|Anon|2014b}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2017-04-12}} 28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?spot=23864938&fcfToken=4234484d376a3031524b4442364570456b652b37786b6d452b6c5a45472f38726d306a76696e49735a452b624950797650306a595762465451553373756b6a69|title=Gypsy calles Abbeville home|last=Hite|first=Alice|date=January 15, 1997|work=The Index-Journal|access-date=January 29, 2019}} 29. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJ5hAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA474&lpg=PA474&dq=the+cook%27s+oracle+gipsy+cake&source=bl&ots=bGXaFGv39w&sig=ACfU3U3D0gq_Zx5fZkp3wB_HxdkS8qGvow&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjxvaY4JPgAhVmmK0KHWyxCTIQ6AEwCnoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=gipsy%20cake&f=false|title=The Cook's Oracle|last=Kitchiner|first=William|publisher=Robert Cadell, Edinburgh|year=1831|isbn=|location=London|pages=474}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/GreatScottsFood/posts/christmas-foods-day-4boiled-custard-gypsies-tramps-and-thievesevery-once-in-a-wh/394601973954037/|title=Christmas Foods - Day 4. Boiled Custard – Gypsies, Tramps, and Thieves|last=|first=|date=December 4, 2012|website=Great Scott's Food|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=January 29, 2019}} 31. ^{{Cite book|url=http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/sccookbook/id/1063|title=Modern domestic cookery: being a collection of receipts suitable for all classes of housewives, together with many valuable household hints|last=Brown|first=Theresa C.|publisher=Edward Perry|year=1871|isbn=|location=Charleston, S.C.|pages=240}} References
External links{{commons category|Abbeville, South Carolina}}{{Collier's Poster|Abbeville (South Carolina)|Abbeville}}
7 : Cities in South Carolina|French-American culture in South Carolina|Huguenot history in the United States|Cities in Abbeville County, South Carolina|County seats in South Carolina|Populated places established in 1764|1764 establishments in South Carolina |
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