请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 David Axelrod (political consultant)
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

      Prior to first Obama campaign    Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008    Senior Advisor to the President, 2009–11    Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012    After second Obama campaign  

  3. References

  4. External links

{{short description|American political consultant}}

For other persons with this name, see David Axelrod (disambiguation)

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Infobox officeholder
|name = David Axelrod
|image = David Axelrod crop.jpg
|caption = Axelrod in 2015
|office = Senior Advisor to the President
|president = Barack Obama
|term_start = January 20, 2009
|term_end = January 10, 2011
|predecessor = Barry Jackson
|successor = David Plouffe
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|2|22}}
|birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = Democratic
|spouse = Susan Landau {{small|(1979–present)}}
|children = 3
|education = University of Chicago {{small|(BA)}}
}}

David M. Axelrod (born February 22, 1955) is an American political consultant and analyst, best known for being the Chief Strategist for Barack Obama's presidential campaigns.

After Obama's election, Axelrod was appointed as Senior Advisor to the President.[1] Axelrod left the White House position in early 2011 and became the Senior Strategist for Obama's successful re-election campaign in 2012.[2][3] He currently serves as the director of the non-partisan Institute of Politics[4] at the University of Chicago and is a Senior Political Commentator for CNN.[5]

He is a former political writer for the Chicago Tribune, and the author of the New York Times bestselling memoir, Believer, My Forty Years in Politics,[6] which was published in 2015.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Early life

Axelrod was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, and grew up in its Stuyvesant Town area. He was raised in a liberal Jewish family.[7][8][9][10] His mother, Myril Bennett (née Davidson), was a journalist at PM, a liberal-leaning 1940s newspaper, and later an advertising executive at Young & Rubicam.[11] His father, Joseph Axelrod, was a psychologist and avid baseball fan, who migrated from Eastern Europe to the United States at the age of eleven.[12][13][13][14][15] He attended Public School 40 in Manhattan. Axelrod's parents separated when he was eight years old. Axelrod traces his political involvement back to his childhood. Describing the appeal of politics, he told the Los Angeles Times, "I got into politics because I believe in idealism. Just to be a part of this effort that seems to be rekindling the kind of idealism that I knew when I was a kid, it's a great thing to do. So I find myself getting very emotional about it."[16] At thirteen years old, he was selling campaign buttons for Robert F. Kennedy. After graduating from New York's Stuyvesant High School[13] in 1972, Axelrod attended the University of Chicago, where he majored in political science.[17]

As an undergraduate, Axelrod wrote for the Hyde Park Herald, covering politics, and earned an internship at the Chicago Tribune. He lost his father to suicide in 1977, around the time of his graduation.[20] While at the University of Chicago he met his future wife, business student Susan Landau (daughter of research doctor Richard L. Landau),[18] and they married in 1979. In June 1981, their first child, a daughter, was diagnosed with epilepsy at seven months of age.[19]

Career

Prior to first Obama campaign

The Chicago Tribune hired Axelrod after his graduation from college. He worked there for eight years, covering national, state and local politics, becoming their youngest political writer in 1981. At 27, he became the City Hall Bureau Chief and a political columnist for the paper.[20] He left the Tribune and joined the campaign of U.S. Senator Paul Simon as communications director in 1984. Within weeks he was promoted to co-campaign manager.[21]

In 1985, Axelrod formed the political consultancy firm, Axelrod & Associates. In 1987 he worked on the successful reelection campaign of Harold Washington, Chicago's first black mayor, while spearheading Simon's campaign for the 1988 Democratic Presidential nomination. This established his experience in working with black politicians; he later became a key player in similar mayoral campaigns of black candidates, including Dennis Archer in Detroit, Michael R. White in Cleveland, Anthony A. Williams in Washington, D.C., Lee P. Brown in Houston, and John F. Street in Philadelphia.[22] Axelrod is a longtime strategist for the former Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley[23] and styles himself a "specialist in urban politics." The Economist notes he also specializes in "packaging black candidates for white voters".[23]

In January 1990, Axelrod was hired to be the media consultant for the all but official re-election campaign of Oregon Governor Neil Goldschmidt.[24] However, Goldschmidt announced in February that he would not seek re-election.[25] Axelrod was retained by the Liberal Party of Ontario to help Dalton McGuinty and his party in 2002 to be elected into government in the October 2003 election. Axelrod's effect on Ontario was heard through the winning Liberal appeal to "working families" and placing an emphasis on positive policy contrasts like canceling corporate tax breaks to fund education and health.[26]

In 2004, Axelrod worked for John Edwards' presidential campaign. He lost responsibility for making ads, but continued as the campaign's spokesman. Regarding Edwards' failed 2004 presidential campaign, Axelrod has commented, "I have a whole lot of respect for John, but at some point the candidate has to close the deal and—I can’t tell you why—that never happened with John."[27][28]

Axelrod contributed an op-ed to the Chicago Tribune in defense of patronage after two top officials in the administration of longtime client Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley were arrested for what federal prosecutors described as "pervasive fraud" in City Hall hiring and promotions.[29][30] In 2006, he consulted for several campaigns, including the successful campaigns of Eliot Spitzer in New York's gubernatorial election and Deval Patrick in Massachusetts's gubernatorial election. Axelrod served in 2006 as the chief political adviser for Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee chair U.S. Representative Rahm Emanuel for the U.S. House of Representatives elections, in which the Democrats gained 31 seats.

He was an Adjunct Professor of Communication Studies at Northwestern University, where, along with Professor Peter Miller, he taught an undergraduate class titled Campaign Strategy, analyzing political campaigns, and their strategies.[31] On June 14 2009 he received an honorary "Doctor of Humane Letters" degree from DePaul University, speaking at the commencement exercises of the College of Communication and College of Computing and Digital Media.[32]

Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008

{{See also|Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008}}

Axelrod first met Obama in 1992, when Bettylu Saltzman, a Chicago democrat, introduced the two of them after Obama had impressed her at a black voter registration drive that he ran. Obama consulted Axelrod before he delivered a 2002 anti-war speech,[33] and asked him to read drafts of his book The Audacity of Hope.[34]

Axelrod contemplated taking a break from politics during the 2008 presidential campaign, as five of the candidates—Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, John Edwards, Chris Dodd and Tom Vilsack—were past clients. Personal ties between Axelrod and Hillary Clinton made it difficult, as she had raised significant funds for epilepsy on behalf of a foundation co-founded by Axelrod's wife and mother, Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy (CURE). (Axelrod's daughter suffers from developmental disabilities associated with chronic epileptic seizures.) Axelrod's wife even said that a 1999 conference Clinton convened to find a cure for the condition was "one of the most important things anyone has done for epilepsy."[35] Axelrod ultimately decided to participate in the Obama campaign, and served as chief strategist and media advisor for Obama. He told The Washington Post, "I thought that if I could help Barack Obama get to Washington, then I would have accomplished something great in my life."[36]

Axelrod contributed to the initial announcement of Obama's campaign by creating a five-minute Internet video released January 16, 2007.[37][38] He continued to use "man on the street"-style biographical videos to create intimacy and authenticity in the political ads.

While the Clinton campaign chose a strategy that emphasized experience, Axelrod helped to craft the Obama campaign's main theme of "change." Axelrod criticized the Clinton campaign's positioning by saying that "being the consummate Washington insider is not where you want to be in a year when people want change...[Clinton's] initial strategic positioning was wrong and kind of played into our hands."[39] The change message played a factor in Obama's victory in the Iowa caucuses. "Just over half of [Iowa's] Democratic caucus-goers said change was the No. 1 factor they were looking for in a candidate, and 51 percent of those voters chose Barack Obama," said CNN senior political analyst Bill Schneider. "That compares to only 19 percent of 'change' caucus-goers who preferred Clinton."[40] Axelrod also believed that the Clinton campaign underestimated the importance of the caucus states. "For all the talent and the money they had over there," says Axelrod, "they—bewilderingly—seemed to have little understanding for the caucuses and how important they would become."[40] In the 2008 primary season, Obama won a majority of the states that use the caucus format.

Axelrod is credited with implementing a strategy that encourages the participation of people, a lesson drawn partly from Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign as well as a personal goal of Barack Obama. Axelrod explained to Rolling Stone, "When we started this race, Barack told us that he wanted the campaign to be a vehicle for involving people and giving them a stake in the kind of organizing he believed in. According to Axelrod getting volunteers involved became the legacy of the campaign "[41] This includes drawing on "Web 2.0" technology and viral media to support a grassroots strategy. Obama's web platform allows supporters to blog, create their own personal page, and even phonebank from home. Axelrod's elaborate use of the Internet helped Obama to organize under-30 voters and build over 475,000 donors in 2007, most of whom were Internet donors contributing less than $100 each.[42] The Obama strategy stood in contrast to Hillary Clinton's campaign, which benefited from high name recognition, large donors and strong support among established Democratic leaders.

Politico described Axelrod as 'soft-spoken' and 'mild-mannered'[43] and it quoted one Obama aide in Chicago as saying, "Do you know how lucky we are that he is our Mark Penn?"[44] Democratic consultant and former colleague Dan Fee said of Axelrod, "He's a calming presence."[45] "He's not a screamer, like some of these guys," political advisor Bill Daley said of Axelrod in the Chicago Tribune. "He has a good sense of humor, so he's able to defuse things."[46] In June 2008, The New York Times described Axelrod as a "campaign guru" with an "appreciation for Chicago-style politics."[47]

Senior Advisor to the President, 2009–11

On November 20, 2008, Obama named Axelrod as a senior advisor to his administration. His role included crafting policy and communicating the President's message in coordination with President Obama, the Obama Administration, speechwriters, and the White House communications team.[48][49]

Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012

{{See also|Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012}}

Axelrod left his White House senior advisor post on January 28, 2011. He was a top aide to Obama's 2012 re-election campaign.[2][3] Axelrod also stated that his job as Obama's chief campaign strategist in the 2012 campaign would be his final job as a political operative.[50]

After second Obama campaign

In January 2013, Axelrod established a bipartisan Institute of Politics at the University of Chicago, where he serves as director.[51] On January 23, 2013, La Stampa reported that Axelrod was helping Italian prime minister Mario Monti with his election campaign and had flown to Italy to meet with Monti ten days earlier.[52] Monti's coalition went on to come fourth with 10.5% of the vote in the Italian general election, 2013. On February 19, 2013, Axelrod joined NBC News and MSNBC as a senior political analyst,[53] a position he held until September 2015 when he moved to CNN.

In 2014 Axelrod was appointed senior strategic adviser to the British Labour Party to assist party leader Ed Miliband in the run-up to the 2015 general election.[54]

He is the founder of AKPD Message and Media, and operated ASK Public Strategies, now called ASGK Public Strategies, which were sold in 2009. In Feb. 2015 Axelrod's book Believer: My Forty Years in Politics was published.[55]{{failed verification|date=July 2016}}

In 2015, Axelrod began hosting a podcast titled The Axe Files. He joined CNN as a senior political commentator in September 2015.[56]

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/1108/Axelrod_and_other_senior_staff.html?showall|title=Ben Smith's Blog: Axelrod, and other senior staff|last=Smith|first=Ben |date=November 19, 2008|publisher= |work=Politico|accessdate=August 11, 2013}}
2. ^1 {{cite news |last=MacCallum |first=Martha |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/02/02/axelrod-departs-white-house-prepares-new-mission-elect-obama/ |title=Axelrod Departs the White House, Prepares for New Mission to Re-Elect Obama |work=FoxNews.com |publisher= |date=February 2, 2011 |accessdate=2011-08-22}}
3. ^1 {{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Ken|title=The Election's Other Big Winner: David Axelrod|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2012/11/12/the-elections-other-big-winner-david-axelrod|newspaper=US News|date=November 12, 2012}}
4. ^{{Cite web|title = Institute of Politics {{!}} The University of Chicago|url = http://politics.uchicago.edu/|website = politics.uchicago.edu|accessdate = 2015-09-10}}
5. ^{{Cite web|title = Former Obama adviser Axelrod joining CNN – CNNPolitics.com|url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/david-axelrod-joins-cnn/index.html|website = CNN|accessdate = 2015-09-10}}
6. ^{{Cite web|title = Believer: My Forty Years in Politics {{!}} Penguin Press|url = http://thepenguinpress.com/book/believer-my-forty-years-in-politics/|accessdate = 2015-09-10}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/23/barackobama.uselections2008|title=He can be cut-throat. He believes that if you're in a race, you beat the other side by almost any means necessary|first=Ewen|last=MacAskill|date=May 22, 2008|publisher=|via=The Guardian}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/309345/how-bibi-alienated-all-his-jewish-allies-at-the-white-house/|title=How Bibi Alienated All His Jewish Allies at the White House|publisher=}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=David Axelrod is a New York City boy who has Barack Obama's ear |first=Michael |last=Saul |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2008/06/21/2008-06-21_david_axelrod_is_a_new_york_city_boy_who.html |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |date=June 22, 2008 |accessdate=2011-04-15 |quote="Perched atop a mailbox near his family's apartment in Stuyvesant Town, 5-year-old David Axelrod watched intently as a charismatic John F. Kennedy rallied New Yorkers for his presidential campaign in the fall of 1960.}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=NY court rules against Stuyvesant Town owners |first=Ilaina |last=Jonas |first2=Joan |last2=Gralla |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE59L4W620091022 |agency=Reuters |date=October 22, 2009 |accessdate=2011-04-15}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newstimes/obituary.aspx?pid=169209877 |accessdate=2015-11-23 |title=Myril Axelrod Bennett Obituary |work=News Times |location=Danbury, Connecticut |date=January 22, 2014}}
12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oh3wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT5&lpg=PT5&dq=joseph+axelrod+eastern+europe&source=bl&ots=CcVI0CKcOu&sig=y0uv20O-Fi_NgfXvwgmLzsSrohw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf-7qQ24DQAhWROsAKHTl2Cd8Q6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q=joseph%20axelrod%20eastern%20europe&f=false|title=Believer: My Forty Years in Politics by David Axelrod {{!}} A 15-minute Summary & Analysis: My Forty Years in Politics|last=Instaread|date=2015-03-05|publisher=Instaread Summaries|language=en}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/yourtown/newton/articles/2009/02/15/for_her_its_also_hail_to_my_son/ |title=A Newton mother's pride in Obama adviser David Axelrod – The Boston Globe |publisher=Boston.com |date=2009-02-15 |accessdate=2014-02-11 |first=Husna |last=Haq}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1293766741.html?dids=1293766741:1293766741&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+24%2C+2007&author=PATRICK+T&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=The+Agony+and+the+Agony%3B+Renowned+political+guru+David+Axelrod+can+cap+his+career+by+helping+Barack+Obama+win+the+White+House.+But+will+it+calm+the+forces+driving+him%3F&pqatl=google |title=The Agony and the Agony |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=2007-06-24 |accessdate=2014-02-11}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/02/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-david-axelrod |accessdate=2015-11-23 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About David Axelrod |work=U.S. News & World Report |first=Debra |last=Bell |date=December 2, 2008}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-axelrod15feb15,1,2986209.story|title=The man behind Obama's message|publisher= Los Angeles Times|accessdate=April 28, 2008|last= La Ganga |first= Maria L.|date= February 15, 2008}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/obamas-media-maven |title=Obama's Media Maven |first=Melissa Fay |last=Greene |work=The Nation |date=February 6, 2007 }}
18. ^{{Cite web|last=O'Donnell |first= Maureen |authorlink= |title=U. of C. Dr. Richard L. Landau, in-law to David Axelrod, dead at 99 |publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|date=June 24, 2016|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/chicago-politics/u-of-c-dr-richard-l-landau-in-law-to-david-axelrod-dead-at-99/ |accessdate=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parade.com/health/2009/02/susan-axelrod-CURE-epilepsy.html |title=I Must Save My Child |date=February 15, 2009 |accessdate=February 15, 2009 |publisher=Parade Magazine}}
20. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.akpdmedia.com/partners/daxelrod.html |title = Partners—David Axelrod |publisher = AKPD Message and Media |accessdate = April 28, 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081108125212/http://www.akpdmedia.com/partners/daxelrod.html |archivedate = November 8, 2008 |df = mdy-all}}
21. ^{{cite news|last= Reardon |first= Patrick T.|url= http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-070620axelrod-htmlstory,1,3883059.htmlstory|title= The Agony and the Agony|work= Chicago Tribune|date= June 24, 2007|accessdate=April 4, 2008}}
22. ^1 {{cite news|last= Hayes |first= Christopher|url= http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070219/hayes|title= Obama's Media Maven|publisher= The Nation|date= February 6, 2007|accessdate=April 22, 2008}}
23. ^1 {{cite news | title = The Ax-man Cometh | url = http://www.economist.com/node/11965249 | work = The Economist U.S. edition | page =28 | date = August 23, 2008}}
24. ^Box 203 of Goldschmidt's records is no longer an active page; Box 203 of Goldschmidt's records are [https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/Pages/records/governors_guides.aspx here] but not apparently easily searchable.
25. ^{{cite news | last = Jaquiss | first = Nigel | title = The 30-Year Secret: A crime, a cover-up and the way it shaped Oregon | url = http://wweek.com/story.php?story=5091 | work = Willamette Week | date = May 12, 2004}}
26. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/News/World/USElection/article/293731 | location=Toronto | work=The Star | title=McGuinty and Obama share strategist | first1=Robert | last1=Benzie | date=January 14, 2008}}
27. ^{{cite news|last= Montgomery |first= David|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/14/AR2007021401812.html|title= Barack Obama's On-Point Message Man|work= Washington Post|date= February 15, 2007|accessdate= May 13, 2015}}
28. ^{{cite news|last= Wallace-Wells|first= Ben|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/01/magazine/01axelrod.t.html?ref=politics|title= Obama's Narrator|work= The New York Times|date= April 1, 2007|accessdate= April 22, 2008}}
29. ^{{cite news |title=A Well-oiled Machine; A system that works? Political debts contribute to better city services |date=August 21, 2005 |first=David |last=Axelrod |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-08-21/news/0508210353_1_political-appointees-shakman |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}
30. ^{{cite news |title=An Axelrod to Grind |first=Steve |last=Rhodes |date=January 7, 2010 |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/politics/An_Axelrod_to_Grind.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}
31. ^{{cite web | title = Senior Advisor David Axelrod | website = whitehouse.gov | publisher = White House |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122234325/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/david_axelrod/ | archive-date=January 22, 2009 | url = http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/david_axelrod/ }}
32. ^Commencement '09{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} DePaul University Newsline Online, May 20, 2009
33. ^{{cite news | last = Becker| first = Jo |author2=Christopher Drew | title = Obama's Pragmatic Politics, Forged on the South Side | work = The New York Times | date = May 11, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/us/politics/11chicago.html?pagewanted=5&hp | accessdate = May 12, 2008}}
34. ^{{cite news | last = Scott | first = Janny | title = Obama’s Story, Written by Obama | work = The New York Times | date = May 18, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/us/politics/18memoirs.html?pagewanted=3&hp | accessdate = May 18, 2008}}
35. ^{{cite news| first=Ben | last=Wallace-Wells| title=A star strategist offers Democrats a new vision| date=March 30, 2007| url =http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/30/news/obama.php| work =International Herald Tribune| accessdate = May 6, 2008}}
36. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/01/AR2008050103509.html?nav=hcmodule |title=The Player at Bat – David Axelrod, the Man With Obama's Game Plan, Is Also the Candidate's No. 1 Fan |first=Robert G.|last=Kaiser |work=The Washington Post |date=May 2, 2008 |accessdate=May 6, 2008}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Biography of Barack Obama |date=January 16, 2007|work=YouTube|publisher=|format=Video from Barack Obama's exploratory committee|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFBF5AeliNQ}}
38. ^{{cite web |accessdate=November 11, 2008|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5h95s0OuEg|title=My Plans for 2008 |date=January 16, 2007|author=Obama, Barack |format=Obama's YouTube video announcement of that he would file papers on January 16, 2007 to form an exploratory committee|publisher=}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1738331,00.html|title=The Five Mistakes Clinton Made|publisher= Time|accessdate=November 2, 2009|last= Tumulty |first= Karen|date = May 8, 2008}}
40. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/01/03/iowa.dems/index.html|title= Obama wins Iowa as candidate for change|publisher= CNN|accessdate=May 8, 2008|last= Crowley|first= Candy|date = January 4, 2008}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/obamamachineryofhope/page/2|title=The Machinery of Hope|work= Rolling Stone|accessdate=April 28, 2008|last= Dickinson |first= Tim|date = March 20, 2008}}
42. ^{{cite news| first=Sarah Lai | last=Stirland| title=The Tech of Obamamania: Online Phone Banks, Mass Texting and Blogs| date=February 14, 2008| url =https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2008/02/potomac_primaries| work =Wired | accessdate = February 21, 2008}}
43. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0307/3213.html|title=The Democrats Turn Tough—on Each Other|publisher= Politico.com|accessdate=May 8, 2008|date = March 20, 2007|last= Simon|first= Roger}}
44. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0408/9891.html|title=Obama team remains unshaken and unstirred|publisher= Politico.com|accessdate=April 28, 2008|date = April 27, 2008|last= Brown|first= Carrie Budoff}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/politics/national/12923012.html|title=Helping hone Obama's pitch|publisher= Politico.com|accessdate=May 7, 2008|date = December 30, 2007|last= Fitzgerald |first= Thomas|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080107034227/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/politics/national/12923012.html |archivedate = January 7, 2008}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/magazine/chi-070620axelrod-htmlstory,0,3477242.htmlstory|title=The Agony and the Agony|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=May 7, 2008|date=June 24, 2007|last=Reardon|first=Patrick T.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225183700/http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/magazine/chi-070620axelrod-htmlstory%2C0%2C3477242.htmlstory|archivedate=December 25, 2007|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
47. ^{{cite news |title=Calm in the Swirl of History |last=Powell |first=Michael |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 4, 2008 |page=A1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/us/politics/04obama.html |accessdate=September 5, 2015}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7744745.stm|title=Obama 'to unveil economic team'|date=November 24, 2008|publisher=|via=bbc.co.uk}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=9999200031891|title=Axelrod to join Obama White House|publisher=}}
50. ^{{cite web|last=Libit |first=Daniel |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/September-2011/David-Axelrods-Last-Campaign/ |title=David Axelrod's Last Campaign |work= Chicago magazine|date=September 2011 |accessdate=2012-04-13}}
51. ^{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Dirk|title=David Axelrod on His Move to the University of Chicago|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/February-2013/David-Axelrod-on-His-Move-to-the-University-of-Chicago/|accessdate=20 February 2014|newspaper=Chicago Magazine|date=9 January 2013}}
52. ^{{cite news|last=Molinari|first=Maurizio|authorlink=Maurizio Molinari|title=New Client For Obama Guru Axelrod: Italian PM Mario Monti, In Showdown With Berlusconi|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2013/01/23/esteri/lastampa-in-english/new-client-for-obama-guru-axelrod-italian-pm-mario-monti-in-showdown-with-berlusconi-ATRrfwSGM7EA3FJSgMjNJK/pagina.html|accessdate=19 April 2014|newspaper=La Stampa|date=23 January 2013}}
53. ^{{cite web|title=David Axelrod joins MSNBC, NBC News|url=http://dailycaller.com/2013/02/19/david-axelrod-joins-msnbc-nbc-news/|publisher=The Daily Caller|accessdate=19 February 2013}}
54. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/apr/17/ed-miliband-david-axelrod-adviser-2015-election |title=Ed Miliband signs up top Obama adviser David Axelrod for UK election |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |authorlink=Patrick Wintour|date=17 April 2014|website=theguardian.com|accessdate=17 April 2014}}
55. ^{{cite news|last1=Rifkin|first1=Jesse|title=David Axelrod Book Reveals Behind-The-Scenes Drama Of Obama Campaign And Presidency|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/05/obama-axelrod-book_n_6622988.html|publisher=Huffington Post}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=Former Obama adviser Axelrod joining CNN as senior political commentator|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/david-axelrod-joins-cnn/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=3 September 2015}}

External links

{{Commons category|David Axelrod}}
  • AKPD Media
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120620134632/http://www.asgk.com/ ASGK Public Strategies]
  • {{C-SPAN|davidaxelrod02}}
  • {{Charlie Rose view|interview/10927}}
  • {{NYTtopic|people/a/david_axelrod}}
  • {{Worldcat id|lccn-no2009-158151}}
  • The Agony and The Agony, Patrick T. Reardon, Chicago Tribune, June 24, 2007
  • [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/27/barackobama.uselections20081 Profile: David Axelrod], Ned Temko, The Guardian, July 27, 2008
  • [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/us/politics/27axelrod.html?hp Long by Obama’s Side, an Adviser Fills a Role That Exceeds His Title], Jeff Zeleny, The New York Times, October 26, 2008
  • [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/09/us/politics/09axelrod.html?hp President’s Political Protector Is Ever Close at Hand], Jeff Zeleny, The New York Times, March 8, 2009
  • The Axe Files, Axelrod's podcast.
{{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Barry Jackson}}{{s-ttl|title=Senior Advisor to the President|years=2009–2011|alongside=Valerie Jarrett, Pete Rouse}}{{s-aft|after=David Plouffe}}{{s-end}}{{Obama Administration personnel}}{{CNN personnel}}{{MSNBC Personalities}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Axelrod, David}}

20 : 1955 births|American campaign managers|American columnists|American male non-fiction writers|American podcasters|American political writers|Jewish American writers|Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008|Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign|Chicago Tribune people|Living people|New York (state) Democrats|Obama administration personnel|People from the Lower East Side|Senior Advisors to the President|Stuyvesant High School alumni|United States presidential advisors|University of Chicago alumni|Writers from Chicago|People from Oak Park, Illinois
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/14 0:01:13