“Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Dawn of the Dead (also known internationally as Zombi or Zombie) is a 1978 American independent zombie horror film directed by George A. Romero. It was written by Romero in collaboration with the Italian filmmaker Dario Argento and produced by Richard P. Rubinstein. It was the second film made in Romero's Night of the Living Dead series and shows in a larger scale the apocalyptic effects on society, though it contains no characters or settings from the film Night of the Living Dead. In the film, a phenomenon of unidentified origin has caused the reanimation of the dead, who prey on human flesh. David Emge, Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Gaylen Ross star as survivors of the outbreak who barricade themselves inside a suburban shopping mall amid mass hysteria.

In addition to four official sequels, the film has spawned numerous parodies and pop culture references. A remake premiered in the United States on March 19, 2004. The remake was directed by Zack Snyder and written by James Gunn, the latter of whom labeled it a "re-imagining" of the original film's concept.^[7] In 2008, Dawn of the Dead was chosen by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time,^[8] along with Night of the Living Dead.^[9]

Plot

The United States is devastated by a mysterious phenomenon that reanimates recently deceased human beings as flesh-eating zombies. Three weeks after it began—despite the best efforts of the US government and local authorities to control the situation—millions of people have been killed and reanimated; social order is collapsing. Some rural communities and the National Guard have been effective in fighting the zombie hordes in open country, but urban centers are helpless and largely overrun.

Confusion reigns at the WGON television studio in Philadelphia by the phenomenon's third week, where staff members Stephen Andrews and Francine Parker are planning to steal the station's traffic helicopter to escape the city. Meanwhile, police SWAT officer Roger DiMarco and his team raid a housing project where the residents are defying the martial law of delivering their dead to National Guardsmen. Some residents fight back with handguns and rifles, and are killed by both the overzealous SWAT team and their own reanimated dead. During the raid, Roger meets Peter Washington, part of another SWAT team, and they partner up together. Roger tells Peter that his friend Stephen intends to steal his workplace's helicopter and flee, and suggests that Peter come with them. They are informed of a group of zombies trapped in the basement, which they assist in the grim job of destroying.

That night, Roger and Peter rendezvous with Francine and Stephen and leave Philadelphia in the helicopter. Following some close calls while stopping for fuel, the group comes across a shopping mall, which they decide to make their sanctuary. The group devise an operation to block the mall entrances with trucks to keep the undead masses outside from building up enough cumulative force to break through. Peter and Stephen also craft a wooden barrier to cover the access to the stairwell that leads to their living space. During the blockade operation, Roger has a near death experience and becomes reckless as a result. He is soon bitten by the zombies.

After clearing the interior of zombies, the four are able to enjoy a hedonistic lifestyle with all the goods available to them, furnishing their makeshift apartment with the mall's many commodities. Roger eventually succumbs to his wounds, soon reanimates and is shot by Peter. After several months, all emergency broadcast transmissions cease, suggesting that the government has collapsed and a large portion of the population has been killed and reanimated. Francine, now visibly showing her pregnancy, presses to be prepared to leave the shopping mall. Ammo and other supplies are loaded into the helicopter, and Stephen teaches Francine how to operate the helicopter in case of an emergency.

A gang of nomadic motorcyclists, having seen the helicopter during one of Francine's flying lessons, arrives to conquer the mall, destroying the barriers and allowing hundreds of zombies inside during the incursion. Peter and Stephen try locking the gates to prevent looting, but the rioting bikers enrage Stephen and he foolishly starts a gun battle with them. Peter and Stephen flee to the apartment, but as Stephen tries to escape through an elevator shaft, he is shot in the arm, then cornered by the undead and bitten several times. As some of the bikers, shot by Peter, are consumed by the zombies, the rest retreat with their stolen goods. Now reanimated, Stephen, acting on a remnant of his former memories, tears down the false wall covering the stairwell and leads the undead to Francine and Peter. As Stephen enters their hideout, Peter kills him while Francine escapes to the roof. Peter then locks himself in a room and contemplates suicide. When zombies burst into the room, he has a change of heart and fights his way up to the roof, where he joins Francine. The two then fly away in the partially fueled helicopter to an uncertain future.

Cast

Additional cast members include: Joe Pilato as Head Officer at Police Dock, Tom Savini as Blades/Mechanic Zombie shot through glass/Zombie hit by truck, Taso Stavrakis as Sledge/Fountain Zombie/Sailor Zombie/Chestburst Zombie, Rudy Ricci as Biker leader, Fred Baker as Police Commander, Pasquale Buba as Motorcycle raider, Jim Baffico as Wooley and Rod Stouffer as Young Cop on roof.

Production

Development

The history of Dawn of the Dead began in 1974, when George A. Romero was invited by friend Mark Mason of Oxford Development Company—whom Romero knew from an acquaintance at his alma mater, Carnegie Mellon—to visit the Monroeville Mall, which Mason's company managed. After showing Romero hidden parts of the mall, during which Romero noted the bliss of the consumers, Mason jokingly suggested that someone would be able to survive in the mall should an emergency ever occur.^[10] With this inspiration, Romero began to write the screenplay for the film.

Romero and his producer, Richard P. Rubinstein, were unable to procure any domestic investors for the new project. By chance, word of the sequel reached Italian horror director Dario Argento. A fan of Night of the Living Dead and an early critical proponent of the film, Argento was eager to help the horror classic receive a sequel. He met Romero and Rubinstein, helping to secure financing in exchange for international distribution rights. Argento invited Romero to Rome so he would have a change of scenery while writing the screenplay. The two could also discuss plot developments.^[11] Romero was able to secure the availability of the Monroeville Mall as well as additional financing through his connections with the mall's owners at Oxford Development.^[10] Once the casting was completed, principal shooting was scheduled to begin in Pennsylvania on November 13, 1977.

Filming

The airfield scenes were filmed at the Harold W. Brown Memorial Airfield in Monroeville,^[13] an airport located about two miles from the mall that is still in use.^[14] The scenes of the group's hideout at the top of the mall were filmed on a set built at Romero's then-production company, The Latent Image.^[15] The elevator shaft was located there as well, as no such area of the mall actually existed. The gun store was also not located in the mall—for filming, the crew used Firearms Unlimited, a shop that existed in the East Liberty district of Pittsburgh at the time.

Principal photography on Dawn of the Dead ended in February 1978, and Romero's process of editing would begin. By using numerous angles during the filming, Romero allowed himself an array of possibilities during editing—choosing from these many shots to reassemble into a sequence that could dictate any number of responses from the viewer simply by changing an angle or deleting or extending portions of scenes. This amount of superfluous footage is evidenced by the numerous international cuts, which in some cases affects the regional version's tone and flow.

Alternate ending

According to the original screenplay, Peter and Francine were to kill themselves, Peter by shooting himself and Fran by sticking her head into the path of the rotating main helicopter blades. The ending credits would run over a shot of the helicopter blades turning until the engine winds down, implying that the two would not have gotten far if they had chosen to escape.^[16] During production it was decided to change the ending of the film.

Much of the lead-in to the two suicides remains in the film, as Francine leans out of the helicopter upon seeing the zombies approach and Peter puts a gun to his head, ready to shoot himself. An additional scene, showing a zombie having the top of its head cut off by the helicopter blades (thus foreshadowing Francine's suicide) was included early in the film. Romero has stated that the original ending was scrapped before being shot, although behind the scenes photos show the original version was at least tested. The head appliance made for Fran's suicide was instead used in the opening SWAT raid, made-up to resemble an African-American male and blown apart by a shotgun blast.^[17]

Make-up and effects

The makeup for the multitudes of extras in the film was a basic blue or gray tinge to the face of each extra. Some featured zombies, who would be seen close-up or on-screen longer than others, had more time spent on their look. Many of the featured zombies became part of the fanfare, with nicknames based upon their look or activity—such as Machete Zombie,^[21] Sweater Zombie,^[21] and Nurse Zombie.^[21] "Sweater zombie" Clayton Hill, was described by a crew member as "one of the most convincing zombies of the bunch" citing his skill at maintaining his stiff pose and rolling his eyes back into his head, including heading down the wrong way in an escalator while in character.^[22]

A cast of Ross' head that was to be used in the original ending of the film (involving a suicide rather than the escape scene finally used) ended up as an exploding head during the tenement building scene. The head, filled with food scraps, was shot with an actual shotgun to get the head to explode.^[18] One of the unintentional standout effects was the bright, fluorescent color of the fake blood that was used in the film. Savini was an early opponent of the blood, produced by 3M, but Romero thought it added to the film, claiming it emphasised the comic book feel of the movie.^[23]

Music

The film's music varies with Romero's and Argento's cuts. For Romero's theatrical version, musical cues and selections were chosen from the De Wolfe Music Library, a compilation of stock music scores and cues. In the montage scene featuring the hunters and National Guard, the song played in the background is "'Cause I'm a Man" by the Pretty Things; the song was first released on the group's LP Electric Banana.^[24] The music heard playing in a sequence in the mall and over the film's end credits is an instrumental titled "The Gonk"—a polka style tune from the De Wolfe Music Library, with a chorus of zombie moans added by Romero.^[25]

For Argento's international cut, the Italian director used the band Goblin (incorrectly credited as "The Goblins") extensively. Goblin is a four-piece Italian band that mostly provides contract work for film soundtracks. Argento, who received a credit for original music alongside Goblin, collaborated with the group to get music for his cut of the film. Romero used three of their pieces in his theatrical release version. The Goblin score would later find its way onto a Dawn of the Dead-inspired film, Hell of the Living Dead. The version of Dawn released on video in the mid-nineties under the label "Director's Cut" does not use most of the Goblin tracks, as they had not been completed at the time of that edit.

Post-production

Dawn of the Dead has received a number of re-cuts and re-edits, due mostly to Argento's rights to edit the film for international foreign language release. Romero controlled the final cut of the film for English-language territories. In addition, the film was edited further by censors or distributors in certain countries. Romero, acting as the editor for his film, completed a hasty 139-minute version of the film (now known as the Extended, or Director's Cut) for premiere at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival. This was later pared down to 127 minutes for the US theatrical release. The US theatrical cut of the film earned the taboo rating of X because of its graphic violence. Rejecting this rating, Romero and the producers chose to release the film unrated to help the film's commercial success.^[26] United Film Distribution Company eventually agreed to release it domestically in the United States. The film was refused classification in Australia twice: in its theatrical release in 1978 and once again in 1979. The cuts presented to the Australian Classification Board were Argento's cut and Romero's cut, respectively. Dawn of the Dead was finally passed in the country with an R18+ rating in February 1980.^[27] It was banned in Queensland until at least 1986.

Internationally, Argento controlled the Euro cut for non-English speaking countries. The version he created clocked in at 119 minutes. It included changes such as more music from Goblin than the three cuts completed by Romero, removal of some expository scenes, and a faster cutting pace. There are, however, extra lines of dialogue and gore shots that are not in either of Romero's edits.^[28] It actually debuted nearly nine months before the US theatrical cut.^[29] In Italy it was released under the full title {{lang|it|Zombi: L’alba dei Morti Viventi|italics=yes}}, followed in March 1979 in France as {{lang|fr|Zombie: Le Crépuscule des Morts Vivants|italics=yes}}, in Spain as {{lang|es|Zombi: El Regreso de los Muertos Vivientes|italics=yes}}, in the Netherlands as {{lang|nl|Zombie: In De Greep van de Zombies|italics=yes}}, in Germany by Constantin Film as {{lang|de|Zombie|italics=yes}}, and in Denmark as {{lang|da|Zombie: Rædslernes Morgen|italics=yes}}.^[30]

Despite the various alternate versions of the film available, Dawn of the Dead was successful internationally. Its success in then-West Germany earned it the Golden Screen Award, given to films that have at least three million admissions within 18 months of release.^[31] A majority of these versions were released on DVD in the 2004 Special Edition, and have previously been released on VHS. The freelance photographer Richard Burke, working for Pittsburgh Magazine, released in May 2010 the first exclusive Behind-the-Scenes photos from the set.^[32]^[33]

Releases

Reception

Box office

Critical reception

Similar to the preceding Night of the Living Dead, some critical reviewers did not like the gory special effects. Particularly displeased at the large amount of gore and graphic violence was The New York Times critic Janet Maslin, who claimed she walked out after the first 15 minutes due to "a pet peeve about flesh-eating zombies who never stop snacking,"^[39] and Gene Shalit of NBC's Today show dismissed it as "Yawn of the Living." Others, particularly Variety, attacked the film's writing, suggesting that the violence and gore detract from any development of the characters, making them "uninteresting", resulting in a loss of impact. Variety wrote: "Dawn pummels the viewer with a series of ever-more-grisly events — shootings, knifings, flesh tearings - that make Romero's special effects man, Tom Savini, the real "star" of the film—the actors are as woodenly uninteresting as the characters they play."^[40] Pauline Kael wrote that, in contrast to the "truly frightening" Night of the Living Dead, "you begin to laugh with relief that you're not being emotionally challenged or even affected; [Dawn of the Dead is] just a gross-out."^[41] Leslie Halliwell of Halliwell's Film Guide stated the film was "occasionally laughable, otherwise sickening or boring."

The film was selected as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time by Empire magazine in 2008.^[8] It was also named as one of The Best 1000 Movies Ever Made, a list published by The New York Times.^[42] In 2016, James Charisma of Playboy ranked the film #10 on a list of 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals.^[43] The 25th anniversary issue of Fangoria named it the best horror film of 1979 (although it was released a year earlier),^[44] and Entertainment Weekly ranked it #27 on a list of "The Top 50 Cult Films."^[45] Film.com and Filmsite.org rated it as one of the best films of 1978.^[46]^[47]

Home media

In 2004, after numerous VHS, Laserdisc and DVD releases of several different versions of the film from various companies,^[48] Anchor Bay Entertainment released a definitive Ultimate Edition DVD box set of Dawn of the Dead, following a single-disc U.S. theatrical cut released earlier in the year. The set features all three widely available versions of the film, along with different commentary tracks for each version, documentaries and extras.^[49] Also re-released with the DVD set was Roy Frumkes' Document of the Dead, which chronicled the making of Dawn of the Dead and Romero's career to that point.^[48] The Ultimate Edition earned a Saturn Award for Best Classic Film Release.^[50]

The U.S. theatrical cut of Dawn of the Dead was released on Blu-ray by Anchor Bay on October 7, 2007 in the U.S. It was released on Blu-ray in the United Kingdom by Arrow Video, which includes the theatrical cut and two DVDs with the Cannes and Argento cut. An Australian Blu-ray was released by Umbrella Entertainment.^[51] All of these releases are out of print. Reportedly, the lack of a forthcoming release in these regions is due to the high licensing fee Richard P. Rubinstein has placed on the film in the wake of an unreleased 3D version of the film, which he supervised and financed for $6 million.^[52]

In November 2016, Koch Media, under their Midnight Factory line, released a six-disc Collector's Edition Blu-ray package in the Italian market. This release includes the Argento cut in 4K Ultra HD format, as well as both the original 1.85:1 theatrical framing and 1.33:1 full-frame of the Argento cut, as well as the original theatrical cut and the extended Cannes cut of the film in high definition Blu-ray format.^[53]^[54] Koch also released a four-disc set, omitting the UHD and 1.33:1 discs, and a single Blu-ray of the European cut.^[51]

Remake

The remake was directed by Zack Snyder in 2004 in his directorial debut. It stars Sarah Polley, Ving Rhames, and Jake Weber with cameos from original cast members Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Tom Savini.

Book

George Romero and Susanna Sparrow's paperback book based on the film was released in 1978. It was reissued, with a new introduction by Simon Pegg, on May 26, 2015, by Gallery Books.^[55]

In pop culture

English virtual band Gorillaz use a sample from Dawn of the Dead in the song "Hip Albatross" (a B-side to the UK No.6 single "19-2000"). Filmmaker, musician and composer John Harrison (who cameos as "Screwdriver Zombie" in Dawn of the Dead and who subsequently composed the music to its follow up Day of the Dead), receives a co-writing credit for the song. American heavy metal act White Zombie sampled dialogue from the film in their song "Psychoholic Slag," from the album Devil Music Volume One.

The 2006 video game Vice City Stories, features a mission called “Brawn of the Dead”, which is a pun on the film’s title, and is one of many other film references made in the game. ^[56] The mission also takes place on the set of a zombie film being shot in a mall during closing hours. This is a reference to the production of the Romero film, which was shot under similar circumstances.

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=56245|title=Dawn of the Dead|work=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|accessdate=June 5, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=56861 |title=Film: Dawn of the Dead |website=LUMIERE|accessdate=March 13, 2019}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Dawn-of-the-Dead-(1979)#tab=summary|title=Film: Dawn of the Dead |website=The Numbers (website)|accessdate=March 13, 2019}}
4. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1979/0DD79.php|publisher=The Numbers|title=Dawn of the Dead}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2015/05/08/george-romero-fans-hoping-to-save-dawn-of-the-dead-bridge-at-monroeville-mall/|title="Dawn Of The Dead" Fans Create Online Petition To Save Monroeville Mall Bridge|last=Highfield|first=David|work=CBS News|date=May 8, 2015|accessdate=May 24, 2015}}
6. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1005339-dawn_of_the_dead/?name_order=desc#mo|title=Dawn of the Dead (1978)| publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}
7. ^Living Corpse Interviews: James Gunn, "re-imagining" is mentioned an interview with the writer of Dawn of the Dead (2004)
8. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/500/17.asp |title=Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time|publisher=Empire Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2010}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/500/21.asp|title=Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time| publisher=Empire Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2010}}
10. ^¹The mall at The Zombie Farm
11. ^{{cite web|last=Biodrowski|first=Steve|title=Dawn of the Dead (1979)|publisher=Cinema Fantastique| url=http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2007/10/02/dawn-of-the-dead-1979/|accessdate=May 4, 2008}}
12. ^Quint interviews FX God Greg Nicotero on LAND OF THE DEAD! Exclusive gore pics, too! on Ain't it Cool News
13. ^Trivia for Dawn of the Dead at Turner Classic Movies
14. ^Pittsburgh Monroeville Airport, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
15. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716224518/http://www.thecabinet.com/darkdestinations/location.php?sub_id=dark_destinations&letter=f&location_id=former_latent_image_office Former Latent Image Office] at Dark Destinations
16. ^Dawn of the Dead - Read the Script! - HTML Format - Working Draft of Dawn Of The Dead (1977), screenplay by George A. Romero at Horrorlair.com
17. ^Alternate Dawn ending surfaces. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207062023/http://www.horrorexpress.com/news/465 |date=December 7, 2008 }} at Horrorexpress.com
18. ^¹Lord of Gore Slasherama.com
19. ^[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0911137009 Tom Savini, Bizarro!: The Art and Technique of Special Make-Up Effects (New York: Harmony Books, 1983), 11.]
20. ^¹{{cite web|last=Mason |first=R.H. |url=http://www.geocities.com/zodiaczombie/joeinterviews.html |title=An Interview With The Villain |publisher=Fangoria (reprinted) |accessdate=May 12, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026220308/http://www.geocities.com/zodiaczombie/joeinterviews.html |archivedate=October 26, 2009 |deadurl=unfit }}
21. ^¹²Carnival of the Damned at Origins becomes a "Cast Party!" GamingReport.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220541/http://www.gamingreport.com/article.php?sid=13241 |date=May 27, 2014 }}
22. ^Balingit, Moriah. "Obituary: Clayton Hill / Played a lead zombie in 'Dawn of the Dead', Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 27, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
23. ^Dawn of the Dead (1978) (Blu-ray) DVDTalk review
24. ^Rave Up With The Electric Banana at Movie Grooves
25. ^De Wolfe track listing
26. ^A review of Document of the Dead, a documentary on the film's production.
27. ^Dawn of the Dead (1978) censorship history in Australia at Refused Classification
28. ^Dario Argento’s Zombi: Dawn of the Dead {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418193842/http://www.dvdmaniacs.net/Reviews/A-D/dario_argento.htm |date=April 18, 2008 }} review by Michael Elliott
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.unita.it/cgi-bin/highlightPdf.cgi?t=ebook&file=/archivio/uni_1978_09/19780903_0018.pdf&query=zombi%20dario%20argento |title=Da giovedì 7 settembre anche a Firenze — Zombi |work=L'Unità |date=September 3, 1978 |accessdate=June 23, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohmygore.com/zombie-fiche-0077402.html |title=Zombie (1978) |work=www.ohmygore.com |accessdate= June 23, 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://horrorpedia.com/2014/09/15/dawn-of-the-dead-1978/?iframe=true&preview=true |title= Dawn of the Dead (1978) |work=Horrorpedia |accessdate= June 23, 2016}}
32. ^OMFG of the Day: Old Negatives Discovered from Dawn of the Dead Shoot!
33. ^New Behind-the-Scenes Images: George A. Romero's Dawn of the Dead
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,17/articleid,1471_02_1978_0201_0017_20664641/ |title=Presentato a Torino - Gli Zombi: un Argento da infarto |publisher=Stampa Sera |date=September 1, 1978 |accessdate=June 23, 2016|language=italian}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeECAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&rview=1&lr=#v=onepage&q=%22Dawn%20of%20the%20Dead%22&f=false|title=Around Town|publisher=New York Magazine |date=April 23, 1979 |accessdate=June 23, 2016}}
36. ^¹²Dawn of the Dead, a review by Steve Biodrowski for Cinefantastique
37. ^Dawn of the Dead at Film Site. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
38. ^Dawn of the Dead, a review by Roger Ebert
39. ^{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|author-link = Janet Maslin|title = Movie Review Dawn of the Dead (1978)| newspaper = The New York Times| date = April 20, 1979| url = https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?_r=1&res=EE05E7DF173AE767BC4851DFB2668382669EDE|postscript=}}
40. ^{{Cite news |last=Variety Staff |title=Movie Review Dawn of the Dead (1978) |magazine=Variety |date=April 22, 1979 |url=http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/1005339-dawn_of_the_dead/ |postscript= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210143115/http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/1005339-dawn_of_the_dead/ |archivedate=December 10, 2009 |df=mdy }}
41. ^{{cite book|last=Kael|first=Pauline|title=Taking It All In|year=1984|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|isbn=0-03-069361-6|pages=194–201|chapter=Waddlers And Bikers}}
42. ^{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/ref/movies/1000best.html | work=The New York Times | title=The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made | date=April 29, 2003 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}
43. ^{{cite web | title = Revenge of the Movie: 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals | publisher = Playboy | url = http://www.playboy.com/articles/15-sequels-better-than-the-original | author = Charisma, James | date = March 15, 2016 | accessdate = July 19, 2016}}
44. ^{{cite journal|authorlink=Guillermo Del Toro|title=1979: Dawn of the Dead|journal=Fangoria| volume=234|page=55|date=June 2004}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/cultfilmsew2.html |title=Entertainment Weekly's "The Top 50 Cult Films" |publisher=Filmsite.org |accessdate=May 22, 2010}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/1978.html |title=The Greatest Films of 1978 |publisher=Filmsite.org |accessdate=May 22, 2010}}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.film.com/features/story/10-best-movies-of-1978/14955431 |title=The 10 Best Movies of 1978 |publisher=Film.com |accessdate=May 22, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701173433/http://www.film.com/features/story/10-best-movies-of-1978/14955431 |archivedate=July 1, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
48. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=676|title=Dawn of the Dead (1978) DVD comparison |publisher=DVDCompare}}
49. ^Dawn of the Dead - Ultimate Edition {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610112049/http://www.anchorbayentertainment.com/dawnofthedead/ |date=June 10, 2008 }}, Anchor Bay Entertainment.com
50. ^Saturn Awards {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914000000/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html |date=September 14, 2008 }}
51. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=11797|title=Dawn of the Dead (1978) BD comparison |publisher=DVDCompare}}
52. ^{{Cite news|url=http://brainmutant.com/dawn-dead-demands-new-release/|title=George Romero’s Dawn of the Dead DEMANDS New Release|work=Brain Mutant|access-date=2018-04-06}}
53. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.midnightfactory.it/film/zombi-dawn-of-the-dead|title=Zombi - Dawn of The Dead - Midnight Factory - Il Male fatto Bene|work=Midnight Factory - Il Male fatto Bene|access-date=2018-02-02|language=it-IT}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=43418|title=Dawn of the Dead (1978) 4K UHD comparison |publisher=DVDCompare}}
55. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/89890/gallery-books-announces-upcoming-springsummer-2015-horror-titles/ |title=Gallery Books Announces: DAWN OF THE DEAD by George A. Romero |website=Dread Central}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0815168/|title=Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories (Video Game 2006)|website=IMDb|language=en|access-date=2019-02-22}}