| 词条 | Masked woodswallow |
| 释义 |
| name = Masked woodswallow | image = Masked Woodswallow (15993399881).jpg | genus = Artamus | species = personatus | authority = Gould, 1841 | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | synonyms = }} DescriptionThe Masked Woodswallow (Artamus personatus) is a medium sized species of Woodswallow in the bird family Artamidae. A.personatus is a common, gregarious and highly nomadic species, appearing in large flocks usually with White-browed Woodswallow (Artamus superciliosus).[2] Among the few passerines that have powder down through their plumage.[3] Listed as least concern on the ICUN list. Field identificationRanging from 18–20 cm in length with a wingspan of 32–34 cm, weighing approximately 37 grams, the Masked Woodswallow is similar in size to the White-browed Woodswallow. Sexes differ markedly in colour and also in immature plumage. This difference between sexes is unique only to the Masked Woodswallow and White-browed Woodswallow. Adult males have a sharply defined black face mask with a pale edge.[3] This mask covers the lores, ear coverts, chin and throat.[4] Upperparts, dark blue grey with a prominent white tip on the tail. Underbody is pale grey, fading to greyish white on under tail coverts. Legs and feet are grey to grey black or black. Adult female is similar to adult male but is slightly browner then male and mask is indistinct.[3] Juveniles are similar to adult females but slightly browner with fletched and mottled buff. EcologyDietA.personatus is a mainly insectivorous species that has been observed to hawk or pounce on its prey.[5] Nectar also comprises its diet and has been observed occasionally eating fruit. BreedingExclusively pair breeders, consistent with being migratory. A.personatus shows no ecological segregation with A.supercilious but no co operative breeding has been recorded as with other Artamus species.[6] A.personatus breeds throughout most of its distribution range with the exception of eastern and south eastern coastal areas and north of latitude 20°.[2] Usually breeds during spring and summer with annual variation. Breeding frequency is usually once, occasionally twice a year. NestingSimilar to the nest of White-breasted Woodswallow (Artamus leucorynchus) but less substantial. Usually only one to two metres above the ground, often only a shallow, frail bowl. Has been recorded in; stumps, fallen limbs, bush or scrub, fence posts and protruding bark.[2] Nest materials include twigs and grass, with an upper layer of dry or green grass. Both sexes build the nest.[4] EggsPale greyish white to pale greenish grey to light creamy brown. Measuring approximately 22mm x 17mm, usual shape, tapered oval. Indistinguishable from the White-browed Woodswallow.[4] 2-3 per clutch, less commonly 1-4. Distribution and HabitatWidespread on mainland Australia, less common in coastal and near coastal areas, Vagrants have been recorded in Tasmania, New Zealand, Norfolk island and Lord Howe island.[4] Mainly inhibit open forest, woodland, heath, roadside and farm tree belts.[3] Mostly occur in arid and semi arid zones. {{clear}}References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22706321 |title=Artamus personatus |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} {{Commons category|Artamus personatus}}{{Wikispecies|Artamus personatus}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q649084}}{{DEFAULTSORT:woodswallow, masked}}{{Artamidae-stub}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title=Australian Birds their Nests and Eggs|last=Beruldsen|first=Gordon|publisher=G.Beruldsen|year=2003|isbn=0646427989|location=Kenmore Hills, QLD 4046|pages=376}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Field Guide to Australian Birds|last=Morcombe|first=Michael|publisher=Pascal Press|year=2016|isbn=9781740215596|location=Glebe, NSW 2037|pages=329}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds: Volume 7 Boatbill to Starlings, part A Boatbill to Larks|last=higgins|first=Peter|last2=Peter|first2=John|last3=Cowling|first3=Sid|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0195539966|location=|pages=412, 413, 414, 416}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Tischler|first=Max|last2=Dickman|first2=Christopher R|last3=Wardle|first3=Glenda M|date=June 2017|title=Avian functional group responses to rainfall across four vegetation types in the Simpson Desert, central Australia|journal=Austral Ecology|volume=38|issue=7|pages=809–819|via=|doi=10.1111/aec.12065}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Leo|last2=Wilke|first2=Thomas|last3=Ten Have|first3=José|last4=Terry Chesser|first4=R|date=June 2017|title=Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia|journal=Journal of Avian Biology|publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd|volume=37|issue=6|pages=625–636|via=|doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03767.x}} 7 : Artamus|Birds of Australia|Endemic birds of Australia|Birds described in 1841|Articles containing video clips|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot|Taxa named by John Gould |
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