| 词条 | Demographics of Costa Rica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| country = Costa Rica | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | size_of_population = {{UN_Population|Costa Rica}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | density = | growth = | birth = | death = | life = | life_male = | life_female = | fertility = | infant_mortality = | net_migration = | age_0–14_years = | age_15–64_years = | age_65_years = | total_mf_ratio = | sr_at_birth = | sr_under_15 = | sr_15–64_years = | sr_65_years_over = | nation = | major_ethnic = | minor_ethnic = | official = | spoken = }} This article is about the demographic features of the population of Costa Rica, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the United Nations, in {{UN_Population|Year}} Costa Rica had an estimated population of {{UN_Population|Costa Rica}} people. White and Mestizos make up 83.4% of the population, 7% are black people (including mixed race), 2.4% Amerindians, 0.2% Asians, and 7% other/none.[1] In 2010, just under 3% of the population is of black African descent who are called Afro-Costa Ricans or West Indians and are English-speaking descendants of 19th-century black Jamaican immigrant workers. Another 1% is composed of ethnic Chinese, and less than 1% are Middle Easterners, mainly of Lebanese descent but also Palestinians. The 2011 Census provided the following data: whites and mestizos make up 83.4% of the population, 7% are black people (including mixed race), 2.4% Amerindians, 0.2% Asians, and 7% other/none.[1] There is also a community of North American retirees from the United States and Canada, followed by fairly large numbers of European Union expatriates (esp. Scandinavians and from Germany) come to retire as well, and Australians.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Immigration to Costa Rica made up 9% of the population in 2012. This included permanent settlers as well as migrants who were hoping to reach the U.S.[2] In 2015, there were some 420,000 immigrants in Costa Rica[3] and the number of asylum seekers (mostly from Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua) rose to more than 110,000.[4] An estimated 10% of the Costa Rican population in 2014 was made up of Nicaraguans.[5] The indigenous population today numbers about 60,000 (just over 1% of the population) with some Miskito and Garifuna (a population of mixed black African and Carib Indian descent) living in the coastal regions. Costa Rica's emigration is the smallest in the Caribbean Basin and is among the smallest in the Americas. By 2015 about just 133,185 (2.77%) of the country's people live in another country as immigrants. The main destination countries are the United States (85,924), Nicaragua (10,772), Panama (7,760), Canada (5,039), Spain (3,339), Mexico (2,464), Germany (1,891), Italy (1,508), Guatemala (1,162) and Venezuela (1,127).[6] Population and ancestry{{Costa Rican censuses}}In {{UN_Population|Year}}, Costa Rica had a population of {{UN_Population|Costa Rica}}. The population is increasing at a rate of 1.5% per year. At current trends the population will increase to 9,158,000 in about 46 years.[7] The population density is 94 people per square km, the third highest in Central America. Approximately 40% lived in rural areas and 60% in urban areas. The rate of urbanization estimated for the period 2005–2015 is 2.74% per annum,[8] one of the highest among developing countries. About 75% of the population live in the upper lands (above 500 meters) where temperature is cooler and milder. The 2011 census counted a population of 4.3 million people[9] distributed among the following groups: 83.6% whites or mestizos, 6.7% black mixed race, 2.4% Native American, 1.1% black or Afro-Caribbean; the census showed 1.1% as Other, 2.9% (141,304 people) as None, and 2.2% (107,196 people) as unspecified.[10] In 2011, there were over 104,000 Native American or indigenous inhabitants, representing 2.4% of the population. Most of them live in secluded reservations, distributed among eight ethnic groups: Quitirrisí (in the Central Valley), Matambú or Chorotega (Guanacaste), Maleku (northern Alajuela), Bribri (southern Atlantic), Cabécar (Cordillera de Talamanca), Guaymí (southern Costa Rica, along the Panamá border), Boruca (southern Costa Rica) and Térraba (southern Costa Rica). The population includes European Costa Ricans (of European ancestry), primarily of Spanish descent,[11] with significant numbers of Italian, German, English, Dutch, French, Irish, Portuguese, and Polish families, as well a sizable Jewish community. The majority of the Afro-Costa Ricans are Creole English-speaking descendants of 19th century black Jamaican immigrant workers. The 2011 census classified 83.6% of the population as white or Mestizo; the latter are persons of combined European and Amerindian descent. The Mulatto segment (mix of white and black) represented 6.7% and indigenous people made up 2.4% of the population.[11] Native and European mixed blood populations are far less than in other Latin American countries. Exceptions are Guanacaste, where almost half the population is visibly mestizo, a legacy of the more pervasive unions between Spanish colonists and Chorotega Amerindians through several generations, and Limón, where the vast majority of the Afro-Costa Rican community lives.
EducationAccording to the United Nations, Costa Rica's literacy rate stands at 95.8%,[12] the fifth highest among American countries. Costa Rica's Education Index in 2006 was 0.882; higher than that of richer countries, such as Singapore and Mexico. Costa Rica's gross enrolment ratio is 73.0%, smaller than that of the neighbors countries of El Salvador and Honduras.[13] All students must complete primary school and secondary school, between 6 and 15 years. Some students drop out because they must work to help support their families. In 2007 there were 536,436 pupils enrolled in 3,771 primary schools and 377,900 students attended public and private secondary schools.[14] Costa Rica's main universities are the University of Costa Rica, in San Pedro and the National University of Costa Rica, in Heredia. Costa Rica also has several small private universities. EmigrationCosta Rica's emigration is among the smallest in the Caribbean Basin. About 3% of the country's people live in another country as immigrants. The main destination countries are the United States, Spain, Mexico and other Central American countries. In 2005, there were 127,061 Costa Ricans living in another country as immigrants. Remittances were $513,000,000 in 2006 and they represented 2.3% of the country's GDP. Immigration{{Further|Immigration to Costa Rica}}Costa Rica's immigration is among the largest in the Caribbean Basin. According to the 2011 census 385,899 residents were born abroad.[15] The vast majority were born in Nicaragua (287,766). Other countries of origin were Colombia (20,514), United States (16,898), Spain (16,482) and Panama (11,250). Outward Remittances were $246,000,000 in 2006. MigrantsAccording to the World Bank, about 489,200 migrants lived in the country in 2010 mainly from Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize, while 125,306 Costa Ricans live abroad in the United States, Panama, Nicaragua, Spain, Mexico, Canada, Germany, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, and Ecuador.[16] The number of migrants declined in later years but in 2015, there were some 420,000 immigrants in Costa Rica[3] and the number of asylum seekers (mostly from Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua) rose to more than 110,000, a fivefold increase from 2012.[4] In 2016, the country was called a "magnet" for migrants from South and Central America and other countries who were hoping to reach the U.S.[17][18] European Costa Ricans{{Infobox ethnic group|group= European Costa Ricans |image= |caption= |population= {{circa}} 3,597,000[19][20] |popplace= |langs= Costa Rican Spanish, English |rels= Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%, Buddhism 2%[21] |related= White Latin Americans, White Caribbeans }}European Costa Ricans are people from Costa Rica whose ancestry lies within the continent of Europe, most notably Spain. According to DNA studies, around 67%[22] of the population have some level of European ancestry.[19] Percentages of the Costa Rican population by race are known as the national census does have the question of ethnicity included in its form. As for 2012 65.80% of Costa Ricans identify themselves as white/castizo and 13.65% as mestizo, giving around 80% of Caucasian population. This, however, is based in self-identification and not in scientific studies. According to PLoS Genetics Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos study of 2012, Costa Ricans have 67% of European ancestry, 29% aboriginal and 3% African.[23] According to CIA Factbook, Costa Rica has white or mestizo population of the 83.6%.[11] Cristopher Columbus and crew were the first Europeans ever to set foot on what is now Costa Rica in Columbus last trip when he arrived to Uvita Island (modern day Limón province) in 1502.[24] Costa Rica was part of the Spanish Empire and colonized by Spaniards mostly Castilians, Basque and Sefardi Jews. After the independence large migrations of wealthy Americans, Germans, French and British businessmen[24] came to the country encouraged by the government and followed by their families and employees (many of them technicians and professionals) creating colonies and mixing with the population, especially the high and middle classes.[25] Later, more humble migrations of Italians, Spanish (mostly Catalans) and Arab (mostly Lebanese and Syrians) migrants visit the country escaping economical crisis in their home countries, setting in large, more closed colonies.[24] Polish migrants, mostly Ashkenazi Jews escaping anti-Semitism and nazi persecution in Europe also migrated to the country in large numbers.[24] In 1901 president Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra closes the country to all non-white immigration forbidding the entrance of all Black African, Chinese, Arab, Turkish or Gypsy migration in the country. After the beginning of the Spanish Civil War large migration of Republican refugees also settle in the country, mostly Castilians, Galicians and Asturians,[25] as later Chilean, Mexican and Colombian[24] migrants would leave their countries traveling to Costa Rica escaping from war or dictatorships as Costa Rica is the longest running democracy in Latin America and unlike most of its neighbors had no dictatorship during the 20th century.[24][25]Ethnic groupsThe following listing is taken from a publication of the Costa Rica 2011 Census:[26]
Vital statistics[27][28]
Current vital statistics[29]
Structure of the population[30]Structure of the population (01.07.2017) (Estimates - the source of data is the national household survey):
Life expectancy at birth
Source: UN World Population Prospects[31] Languages{{Main|Languages of Costa Rica}}Nearly all Costa Ricans speak Spanish; but many blacks speak a traditional Jamaican dialect of English, also a few of the Natives speak their own language, such as the case of the Ngobes. Religions{{Main|Religion in Costa Rica}}{{Pie chart|thumb = right |caption = Religion in Costa Rica[32][33] |label1 = Catholicism |value1 = 70.5 |color1 = DodgerBlue |label2 = Protestantism |value2 = 13.8 |color2 = DarkOrchid |label3 = Irreligion |value3 = 11.3 |color3 = Gray |label4 = Buddhism |value4 = 2.1 |color4 = Gold |label5 = Other religions |value5 = 2.2 |color5 = Red }} According to the World Factbook the main religions are: Roman Catholic, 76.3%; Evangelical, 13.7%; Jehovah's Witnesses, 1.3%; other Protestant, 0.7%; other, 4.8%; none, 3.2%. The most recent nationwide survey of religion in Costa Rica, conducted in 2007 by the University of Costa Rica, found that 70.5 percent of the population identify themselves as Roman Catholics (with 44.9 percent practicing, 25.6 percent nonpracticing), 13.8 percent are Evangelical Protestants, 11.3 percent report that they do not have a religion, and 4.3 percent declare that they belong to another religion.[34] Apart from the dominant Catholic religion, there are several other religious groups in the country.[34] Methodist, Lutheran, Episcopal, Baptist, and other Protestant groups have significant membership.[34] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) claim more than 35,000 members and has a temple in San José that served as a regional worship center for Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras.[34][35] Although they represent less than 1 percent of the population, Jehovah's Witnesses have a strong presence on the Caribbean coast.[34] Seventh-day Adventists operate a university that attracts students from throughout the Caribbean Basin.[34] The Unification Church maintains its continental headquarters for Latin America in San José.[34] Non-Christian religious groups, including followers of Judaism, Islam, Taoism, Hare Krishna, Paganism, Wicca, Scientology, Tenrikyo, and the Bahá'í Faith, claim membership throughout the country, with the majority of worshipers residing in the Central Valley (the area of the capital).[34] While there is no general correlation between religion and ethnicity, indigenous peoples are more likely to practice animism than other religions.[34] Article 75 of the Costa Rican Constitution states that the "Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman Religion is the official religion of the Republic".[36] That same article provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice.[34] The US government found no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice in 2007.[34] Demographic statisticsThe following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook[37] Nationality
Population
Languages
Ethnic groups
Religions
Median age
Sex ratio
Infant mortality rate
Life expectancy at birth
HIV/AIDSAdult prevalence rate: 0.33% People living with HIV/AIDS: 10,000 Deaths:200 (2015 est.) Literacy
See also
References1. ^1 Costa Rica es multirracial, último censo lo pone en evidencia {{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx|title=Principal|date=27 March 2012|website=Inec.go.cr|accessdate=30 August 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327062704/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx|archivedate=27 March 2012|df=}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/interactives/migration-tables/|title=International Migrants by Country|date=10 November 2016|website=Pewglobal.org|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|title=US partners with Costa Rica to protect Central American refugees|first=Amanda|last=Holpuch|date=26 July 2016|website=Theguardian.com|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Cherry|first1=Andrew|author2=Mary Dillon|title=International Handbook of Adolescent Pregnancy: Medical, Psychosocial, and Public Health Responses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ym4BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|accessdate=5 November 2016|year=2014|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4899-8026-7|page=258}} 6. ^Costa Rica - Emigrantes totales (in Spanish) Según los últimos datos publicados Costa Rica tiene 133.185 emigrantes, lo que supone un 2,77% de la población de Costa Rica. Si miramos el ranking de emigrantes vemos que tiene un porcentaje de emigrantes medio, ya que está en el puesto 44º de los 195 del ranking de emigrantes. 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |title=World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights, Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.202. |format=PDF |work=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division |location=New York |date=2007 |accessdate=4 November 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Field listing: Urbanization: Costa Rica|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Costa%20Rica&countryCode=cs®ionCode=ca&#cs|publisher=The World Factbook|accessdate=4 November 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://costaricalaw.com/costa-rica-facts/demographics-and-population/population-statistics/|title=Costa Rica Population Statistics|date=30 September 2016|website=Costaricalaw.com|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.livepopulation.com/country/costa-rica.html|title=Live Costa Rica Population Clock 2017 - Population of Costa Rica Today|website=Livepopulation.com|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Costa Rica |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2011 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |accessdate=2011-10-04}} 12. ^{{cite web|format=PDF |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |title=Human development indices |website=Hdr.undp.org |date=2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219191319/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |archivedate=19 December 2008}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Human Development Report 2009: Costa Rica|url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_CRI.html|website=Hdrstats.undp.org|date=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011055059/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_CRI.html|archivedate=11 October 2009}} 14. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Costa Rica |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572479_3/Costa_Rica.html |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwbHIv21?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572479_3/Costa_Rica.html |archivedate=31 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 15. ^Censo 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120125018/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/GeneradorPagina.aspx |date=November 20, 2015 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1199807908806/CostaRica.pdf|title=Costa Rica country profile (from the Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011)|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=2011-08-17}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/09/01/492066728/costa-rica-becomes-a-magnet-for-migrants|title=Costa Rica Becomes A Magnet For Migrants|website=Npr.org|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=122498|title=Nicaragua, Trump, Deportations and the Affect on Family Remittances - Havana Times.org|website=Havanatimes.org|accessdate=30 August 2017}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nacion.com/vivir/ciencia/Herencia-china-moldea-genes-costarricenses_0_1444655578.html |title=Ticos tenemos más de africanos y chinos de lo que se pensaba |trans-title=Costa Rica has more Africans and Chinese than was thought |work=Nacion.com |date=12 October 2014 |accessdate=18 January 2016}} 20. ^http://www.crhoy.com/costa-rica-es-multirracial-ultimo-censo-lo-pone-en-evidencia/ 21. ^{{cite web|title=Costa Rica|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_cs.html|website=The World Factbook|accessdate=30 August 2016}} 22. ^{{cite journal|title=Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos|journal=PLOS Genetics|date=March 21, 2008|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037#pgen.1000037.s003|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037|volume=4|issue=3|page=e1000037|pmid=18369456|pmc=2265669 | last1 = Wang | first1 = S | last2 = Ray | first2 = N | last3 = Rojas | first3 = W |display-authors=et al}} 23. ^{{cite journal|title=Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos Tabla|journal=PLoS Genetics|url=http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037?imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037.g001#pgen.1000037.s003 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037|volume=4|issue=3|page=e1000037|pmid=18369456|pmc=2265669|date=March 2008 | last1 = Wang | first1 = S | last2 = Ray | first2 = N | last3 = Rojas | first3 = W |display-authors=et al}} 24. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|title=Costa Rica|journal=Lonely Planet|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/costa-rica/history|accessdate=30 August 2016}} 25. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION (Costa Rica)|journal=SICREM|url=http://www.migracionoea.org/index.php/en/sicremi-en/reports/34-sicremi/publicacion-2012/paises-en/515-sintesis-historica-de-la-migracion-internacional-costa-rica.html|accessdate=30 August 2016}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Costa Rica: Población total por autoidentificación étnica-racial, según provincia y sexo. (Spanish)|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/social/grupos-etnicos-raciales|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Costa Rica)|accessdate=2016-11-19}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=United Nations Demographic Yearbooks|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|website=Unstats.un.org|accessdate=2 September 2016}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Principal|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx|website=Inec.go.cr|accessdate=2 September 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327062704/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx|archivedate=27 March 2012|df=}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Estadísticas vitales|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/estadisticas-vitales|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INEC|accessdate=8 September 2018}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/documents/dyb2017/table07.pdf|accessdate=11 February 2019}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|last=|date=|year=|publisher=|pages=|language=|format=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2017-07-15|quote=|periodical=|month=|day=}} 32. ^[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108520.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Costa Rica]. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007) 33. ^{{cite web|first=Terrence|last=Johnson|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=71,11009,0,0,1,0#.WBz56iRuhnI|title=Buddhism in Costa Rica|website=Buddhistchannel.tv|date=5 August 2012|accessdate=4 November 2016}} 34. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108520.htm|title=Costa Rica: International Religious Freedom Report 2008|work=United States Department of State|date=2008|accessdate=4 November 2016}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/contact-us/costa-rica|title=Costa Rica|website=Newsroom.lds.org|date=|accessdate=13 December 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216015212/http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/contact-us/costa-rica|archivedate=16 December 2008}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.costaricalaw.com/legalnet/constitutional_law/engtit6.html|title=Title VI: Religion: Article 75 (As amended with regard to its number by Article 1, Law No. 5703)|work=CostaRicaLaw.com|date=6 June 1975|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010421171417/http://www.costaricalaw.com/legalnet/constitutional_law/engtit6.html|archivedate=21 April 2001}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html|title=Central America and Caribbean: Costa Rica: People and Society|work=The World Factbook|accessdate=4 November 2016}} External links
1 : Demographics of Costa Rica |
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