| 词条 | Diabrotica |
| 释义 |
| image = Western corn rootworm.jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Coleoptera | familia = Chrysomelidae | subfamilia = Galerucinae | tribus = Luperini | genus = Diabrotica | genus_authority = Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 [1] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =Diabrotica balteata Diabrotica barberi Diabrotica beniensis Diabrotica cristata Diabrotica curvipustulata Diabrotica dissimilis Diabrotica elegantula Diabrotica emorsitans Diabrotica graminea Diabrotica hispanolae Diabrotica lemniscata Diabrotica linsleyi Diabrotica longicornis Diabrotica milleri Diabrotica nummularis Diabrotica occlusa Diabrotica porracea Diabrotica scutellata Diabrotica speciosa Diabrotica tibialis Diabrotica trifasciata Diabrotica undecimpunctata Diabrotica virgifera Diabrotica viridula }}{{Wikispecies|Diabrotica}} Diabrotica is a widespread genus of beetles, sometimes referred to as cucumber beetles or corn rootworms, in the family Chrysomelidae. Members of this genus include several destructive agricultural pest species. RangeCorn rootworms are one of the most economically significant consumers of maize in the United States.[2] The western corn rootworm, D. virgifera virgifera, and the northern corn rootworm, D. barberi, are the most significant rootworm species in Iowa, a major corn-growing area. A third species, the southern corn rootworm, D. undecimpunctata howardi, causes much economic damage in other regions.[3] The range of this genus extends farth south into South America, Diabrotica speciosa causes damage in Argentina. Corn rootworm larvae can destroy significant acreage of corn if left untreated. In the United States, current estimates show {{convert|30|e6acre|e6ha}} of corn, out of 80 million total are infested with corn rootworm. Estimates of economic damage to corn growers from the pest are about $1 billion.[4] Diabrotica was unknown in Europe until the late 1990s and was forbidden even in laboratories because of the difficulty in eliminating it with insecticides. It appears to have entered Europe from the US in large numbers during the Yugoslav wars and is especially widespread around US military airports, whose planes were likely to have transported the pest. It has since spread primarily in Italy, France and Germany.[5]SpeciesSeveral species of Diabrotica are significant insects of North America, including:
D. undecimpunctata{{main|Diabrotica undecimpunctata}}Adults of D. undecimpunctata are greenish-yellow with six large black spots on each elytron. They are about {{convert|.2|in}} long. The larvae are yellowish and wormlike. D. virgifera{{main|Diabrotica virgifera}}Adult rootworms are about {{convert|.25|in}} long. Western corn rootworm adults are yellowish with a black stripe on each wing cover. Northern corn rootworm beetles are solid in color and vary from light tan to pale green.{{sfn|Wright|Meinke|Jarvi|1999}} The eggs are deposited in the soil during the summer, and are football-shaped, white, and less than {{convert|0.004|in}} long. Larvae hatch in late May or early June and begin to feed on corn roots. Newly hatched larvae are small, less than {{convert|.125|in}} long, white worms. They go through three larval instars, pupate in the soil and emerge as adults in July and August, with one generation per year. Larvae have brown heads and a brown marking on the top of the last abdominal segment, giving them a double-headed appearance. Larvae have three pairs of legs, but these are not usually visible without magnification. After feeding for several weeks, the larvae dig a cell in the soil and molt into the pupal stage. The pupal stage is white and has the basic shape of the adult. References1. ^{{ITIS |id=719674 |taxon=Diabrotica}} 2. ^{{cite web |first1=R. |last1=Wright |first2=L. |last2=Meinke |first3=K. |last3=Jarvi |title=Corn Rootworm Management |publisher=University of Nebraska |date=July 1999 |url=http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/insects/ec1563.htm |accessdate=2007-02-03 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205170642/http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/insects/ec1563.htm |archivedate=2007-02-05 |df= }} 3. ^Staff, Purdue University Extension Service. Corn Rootworms 4. ^Marra, M.C., Piggott, N.E., & Goodwin, B.K. (2012). The impact of corn rootworm protected biotechnology traits in the United States. AgBioForum, 15(2), 217-230 Erin W. Hodgson, Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. Western corn rootworm 5. ^Miller N et al. Multiple Transatlantic Introductions of the Western Corn Rootworm {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1115871| pmid = 16284172| title = Multiple Transatlantic Introductions of the Western Corn Rootworm| journal = Science| url = http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1255&context=entomologyfacpub| volume = 310| issue = 5750| pages = 992| year = 2005| last1 = Miller | first1 = N.| last2 = Estoup| first2 = A| last3 = Toepfer| first3 = S| last4 = Bourguet| first4 = D| last5 = Lapchin| first5 = L| last6 = Derridj| first6 = S| last7 = Kim| first7 = K. S.| last8 = Reynaud| first8 = P| last9 = Furlan| first9 = L| last10 = Guillemaud| first10 = T}} {{cite book|author=Kiss, J. Edwards |title=Monitoring of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) in Europe 1992-2003. |editor1-first=Stefan |editor1-last=Vidal|editor2-first=Ulrich |editor2-last=Kuhlmann|editor3-first=C. Richard |editor3-last=Edwards|work=Western Corn Rootworm: Ecology and Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJSji7Q5OyUC|year=2005|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-0-85199-070-5|display-authors=etal}} External links
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1937630}} 5 : Galerucinae|Agricultural pest insects|Maize|Taxa named by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat|Chrysomelidae genera |
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