| 词条 | Divine Mercy |
| 释义 |
|name = The Divine Mercy of Jesus |image = Kazimirowski Eugeniusz, Divine Mercy, 1934.jpg |caption = The original image (circa 1934) painted according to the apparitions of Kowalska by Eugene Kazimierowski. Oil on canvas. Now permanently enshrined at the Divine Mercy Sanctuary of Vilnius, Lithuania. |size = 250px |location = Krakow, Poland Vilnius, Lithuania |date = 1930s |witness = Saint Faustina Kowalska Eugene Kazimierowski |type = Christological apparition |approval = Pope John Paul II |shrine = Minor Basilica and Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy Poland }}{{Divine Mercy}}{{Christian mysticism}} The Divine Mercy of Jesus, also known as the Divine Mercy, is a Roman Catholic devotion to Jesus Christ associated with the apparitions of Jesus to Saint Faustina Kowalska. The Roman Catholic devotion and venerated image under this Christological title refers to what Faustina's diary describes as "God's loving mercy".[1][1] Saint Faustina was granted the title "Secretary of Mercy" by the Holy See in the Jubilee Year of 2000.[2][4][5] Sister Faustina Kowalska reported a number of apparitions during religious ecstasy which she wrote in her diary, later published as the book Divine Mercy in My Soul.[4][5] The three main themes of the devotion are to ask for and obtain the mercy of God, to trust in Christ's abundant mercy, and finally to show mercy to others and act as a conduit for God's mercy towards them.[4][9] Pope John Paul II, a native of Poland, had great affinity towards this devotion and authorized it in the Liturgical Calendar of the church. The liturgical feast of the Divine Mercy is celebrated on the first Sunday after Easter. Some members of the Anglican Communion also share its pious beliefs and devotions in an effort towards church renewal.[3]DevotionThe primary focus of the Divine Mercy devotion is the merciful love of God and the desire to let that love and mercy flow through one's own heart towards those in need of it.[4] As he dedicated the Shrine of Divine Mercy, John Paul II referred to this when he said: "Apart from the mercy of God there is no other source of hope for mankind".[5] There are five main forms of this devotion:
— Words attributed to Jesus by Faustina in her diary.[6][7]}} As in the prayers that form the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, there are three main themes to the Divine Mercy devotion: to ask for and obtain the mercy of God, to trust in Christ's abundant mercy, and finally to show mercy to others and act as a conduit for God's mercy towards them.[4][8] The first and second elements relate to the signature "Jesus I trust in You" on the Divine Mercy image and Faustina stated that on April 28, 1935, the day the first Divine Mercy Sunday was celebrated, Jesus told her: "Every soul believing and trusting in My Mercy will obtain it."[9] The third component is reflected in the statement "Call upon My mercy on behalf of sinners" attributed to Jesus in Faustina's diary (Notebook I, items 186-187).[20] This statement is followed in the diary by a specific short prayer: "O Blood and Water, which gushed forth from the Heart of Jesus as a fount of Mercy for us, I trust in You." which Faustina also recommended for the Hour of Divine Mercy.[10][11] In her diary (Notebook II, item 742) Faustina wrote that Jesus told her: "I demand from you deeds of mercy, which are to arise out of love for Me." and that he explained that there are three ways of exercising mercy toward your neighbor: the first-by deed, the second-by word, the third-by prayer.[6] The Divine Mercy devotion views mercy as the key element in the plan of God for salvation and emphasizes the belief that it was through mercy that God gave his only son for the redemption of mankind, after the fall of Adam.[12] The opening prayer for Divine Mercy Sunday Mass refers to this and begins: "Heavenly Father and God of Mercy, We no longer look for Jesus among the dead, for He is alive and has become the Lord of Life".[12] In 1959 the Vatican banned the image and devotion to it because of a number of factors. Some Polish bishops questioned Kowalska's claims and were uncomfortable with the image's similarity to the red and white Polish flag.[13] Polish priests were reported to be interpreting the rays as a symbol of the flag.[14] The ban on devotion was lifted on April 15, 1978, due to pressure from future Polish pope Karol Wojtyła, who had great interest St. Faustina Kowalska.[13] Image{{Main|Divine Mercy image}}Paint an image according to the pattern you see with the signature: Jesus, I trust in You… I promise that the soul that will venerate this image will not perish.[17] The chaplet is associated with the paintings of the image as in Faustina's diary. The most widely used is an image painted by Adolf Hyla. Hyla painted the image in thanksgiving for having survived World War II. In the image, Jesus stands with one hand outstretched in blessing, the other clutching the side wounded by the spear, from which proceed beams of falling light, coloured red and white. An explanation of these colors was given to Saint Faustina by Jesus himself saying, "The two rays represent blood and water".[18] These colors of the rays refer to the "blood and water'" of the Gospel of John ({{bibleverse||John|19:34}}) which are also mentioned in the optional prayer of the Chaplet. The words “Jesus I Trust in Thee” usually accompany the image (Jezu Ufam Tobie in Polish). The original Divine Mercy image was painted by Eugene Kazimierowski in Vilnius, Lithuania, under St. Faustina's direction. However, according to her diary, she cried upon seeing that the finished picture was not as beautiful as the vision she had received, but Jesus comforted her saying, "Not in the beauty of the colour, nor of the brush is the greatness of this image, but in My grace".[17] The picture was widely used during the early years of the devotion, and is still in circulation within the movement, but the Hyla image remains one of the most reproduced renderings.[19] After the Feast of Divine Mercy Sunday was granted to the Universal Church by Pope John Paul II on 30 April 2000[20] new versions of the image have emerged from a new generation of Catholic artists. Daily devotionsIn her diary Faustina wrote that Jesus specified 3.00 pm each day as the hour at which mercy was best received, and asked her to pray the Chaplet of Mercy and venerate the Divine Mercy image at that hour.[21][22] On October 10, 1937, in her diary (Notebook V, item 1320) Faustina attributed the following statement to Jesus: {{quote|As often as you hear the clock strike the third hour immerse yourself completely in My mercy, adoring and glorifying it, invoke its omnipotence for the whole world, and particularly for poor sinners, for at that moment mercy was opened wide for every soul.[23]}}The time of 3.00 pm corresponds to the hour at which Jesus died on the cross.[22] This hour is called the "hour of Divine Mercy" or the "hour of great mercy".[21] Feast day{{Main|Divine Mercy Sunday}}The feast of Divine Mercy Sunday was instituted by Pope John Paul II and is celebrated the Sunday after Easter on the General Roman Calendar, and is associated with specific indulgences.[24][25][26] In an entry in her diary, Faustina stated that anyone who participates in the Mass and receives the sacraments of Confession and the Eucharist on this day is assured by Jesus of full remission of their sins and punishments.[25][27] Churches and shrinesA number of Marian churches and shrines have been dedicated to Divine Mercy. One of the most important is the Gate of Dawn in Vilnius, when also the Divine Mercy image was exhibited for the first time. The worldwide center of the devotion is Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Kraków), commonly known as Łagiewniki. This is where saint Faustina Kowalska is interred, and it houses the most popular version of the Divine Mercy image (by Adolf Hyła). The Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Vilnius) houses Eugeniusz Kazimirowski's initial rendition. The Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Płock) is where Faustina Kowalska is said to have had the first vision of the Divine Mercy image. The Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Białystok) has the remains of blessed Michał Sopoćko, the spiritual director of saint Faustina Kowalska and the Apostle of Divine Mercy. Głogowiec, Łęczyca County as well as nearby Świnice Warckie (central Poland) are the places of birth and childhood as well as baptism and first communion of Faustina Kowalska. The church of Santo Spirito in Sassia is the main center of the Divine Mercy in Rome. The National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts is managed by the Marian Fathers.[28] The National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Marilao, Bulacan is the major church dedicated to Divine Mercy in the Philippines.[29] The Divine Mercy Shrine in El Salvador City, Philippines, has a 50-foot (15-meter) statue of Merciful Jesus. The Archdiocesan Shrine of the Divine Mercy was located in Mandaluyong City, Philippines, while the Divine Mercy Chapel was located in Las Pinas, Philippines. Orders and institutionsA number of Christian orders and institutions are devoted to the Divine Mercy. The John Paul II Institute of Divine Mercy is managed by the Congregation of Marian Fathers, which takes an active role in promoting the Divine Mercy message. The Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, to which Faustina Kowalska belonged, and the Congregation of Sisters of Merciful Jesus, established by blessed Michał Sopoćko on the request of Jesus given to Faustina, have also very important role in spreading the devotion. Two new religious communities – the Sisters of Jesus’ Merciful Passion and the Littlest Sons of the Sweetest Heart of Mary – are being raised up in Michigan through the Servants of Jesus of The Divine Mercy, a lay association of the faithful (Catholicism) led by Archbishop Allen Vigneron. The World Apostolic Congress on Mercy takes place every third year in various cities of the world.[6][30][31] Continental congresses on mercy also take place.[32] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Loving Mercy|url=http://www.sedcontra.info/loving-mercy/|website=Sed Contra|accessdate=15 November 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127205949/http://www.sedcontra.info/loving-mercy/|archivedate=27 November 2014|df=}} 2. ^(The Diaries of Saint Faustina Kowalska: Diary 965, 1160, 1605, 1693) 3. ^Divine Mercy Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802113407/http://www.divinemercysociety.org/ |date=August 2, 2009 }}. 4. ^1 Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices {{ISBN|0-87973-910-X}} page 175 5. ^Vatican website dedication of the Shrine of Divine Mercy, August 2002 6. ^1 2 Mercies Remembered by Matthew R Mauriello 2011 {{ISBN|1-61215-005-5}} page 149-160 7. ^Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul by Faustina Kowalska 2003 {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}} Notebok 1, item 301 {{cite web |url=http://www.saint-faustina.com/Diary/DMIMS7.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428210314/http://www.saint-faustina.com/Diary/DMIMS7.shtml |archivedate=2011-04-28 |df= }} 8. ^1 EWTN on the Chaplet of Divine Mercy 9. ^Catherine M. Odell, 1998, Faustina: Apostle of Divine Mercy OSV Press {{ISBN|978-0-87973-923-2}} page 105 10. ^1 A Divine Mercy Resource by Richard Torretto 2010 {{ISBN|1-4502-3236-1}} pages 137-140 11. ^Mercies Remembered by Matthew R Mauriello 2011 {{ISBN|1-61215-005-5}} page 326 12. ^1 A Divine Mercy Resource by Richard Torretto 2010 {{ISBN|1-4502-3236-1}} pages 58-59 13. ^1 [https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/beatification-qa-4-whats-divine-mercy-connection National Catholic Reporter] 14. ^[Development of the Worship of Divine Mercy in Poland and Abroad, Bishop Pawel Socha, Peregrinis Cracoviensis 11, 2001] 15. ^CNS News May 2, 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504124941/http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/pope-beatifies-john-paul-ii-15-million-f |date=May 4, 2011 }} 16. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/8486488/Pope-John-Paul-II-beatified-in-front-of-audience-of-1.5-million.html Daily Telegraph May 1, 2011] 17. ^1 The One True Image 18. ^Canonization Homily of Pope John Paul II 19. ^1 2 3 Butler's lives of the saints: the third millennium by Paul Burns, Alban Butler 2001 {{ISBN|978-0-86012-383-5}} page 252 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/angelus/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_reg_20000430.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-02-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224122019/http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/angelus/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_reg_20000430.html |archivedate=2015-02-24 |df= }} 21. ^1 Catherine M. Odell, 1998, Faustina: Apostle of Divine Mercy OSV Press {{ISBN|978-0-87973-923-2}} page 137 22. ^1 15 Days of Prayer with Saint Faustina Kowalska by John J. Cleary 2010 {{ISBN|1-56548-350-2}} page 75 23. ^EWTN on the Hour of Mercy 24. ^1 2 3 4 Saints of the Jubilee by Tim Drake 2002 {{ISBN|978-1-4033-1009-5}} pages 85-95 25. ^1 2 A Divine Mercy Resource by Richard Torretto 2010 {{ISBN|1-4502-3236-1}} pages 187-190 26. ^Decree of the Apostolic Penitentiary on Divine Mercy Indulgences, 29 June 2002, at the Vatican web site {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219214545/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/tribunals/apost_penit/documents/rc_trib_appen_doc_20020629_decree-ii_en.html |date=February 19, 2008 }} 27. ^EWTN on the Divine Mercy Novena 28. ^National Shrine of The Divine Mercy. Retrieved on March 30, 2016. 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://divinemercyshrine-ph.com/divine_asia.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814172829/http://divinemercyshrine-ph.com/divine_asia.php |archivedate=2011-08-14 |df= }} 30. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-22184?l=english |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407083540/http://www.zenit.org/article-22184?l=english |archive-date=2008-04-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 31. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0801799.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-21 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080408194854/http%3A//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0801799.htm |archive-date=2008-04-08 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 32. ^Asian Apostolic Congress on Mercy Further reading
See also
External links{{commonscat|Divine mercy}}
4 : Divine Mercy|Catholic adoration of Jesus|Christian terminology|Catholic devotions |
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