| 词条 | Peter Anthony Lawrence |
| 释义 |
| name = Peter Lawrence | birth_name = Peter Anthony Lawrence | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|06|23}}[1] | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = University of Cambridge Laboratory of Molecular Biology | education = Wennington School | alma_mater = University of Cambridge (BA, PhD) | thesis_title = The determination and development of hairs and bristles in the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus Dall) | thesis_url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5956722 | thesis_year = 1966 | doctoral_advisor = Vincent Wigglesworth[2] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Work on Drosophila melanogaster[3] | influences = Francis Crick[4] Max Perutz[2][6][7] | influenced = | awards = {{Plainlist|
| signature = | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|http://making-of-a-fly.me}} {{URL|zoo.cam.ac.uk/zoostaff/lawrence.html}} | footnotes = | spouse = {{marriage|Birgitta Haraldson|1971}}[1] | children = }}Peter Anthony Lawrence {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (born 23 June 1941) is a British developmental biologist at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the Zoology Department of the University of Cambridge.[2][3] He was a staff scientist of the Medical Research Council from 1969 to 2006.[4][5][6][7] EducationLawrence was educated at Wennington School[1] in Wetherby, and then at St Catharine's College, Cambridge on a Harkness Fellowship; he gained his doctorate as a student of Vincent Wigglesworth[8] for work on Oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug)[9] Career and researchLawrence's main discoveries lie in trying to understand what type of information is required to shape an animal and generate a pattern (such as on a butterfly wing or a fingerprint). He is the principal advocate of the idea that cells in a gradient of a morphogen develop according to their local concentration of the morphogen and that this mechanism is used to generate patterns of cells. Together with Ginés Morata, he has helped establish the compartment theory first proposed by Antonio Garcia-Bellido. In this hypothesis, a set of cells collectively builds a territory (or "compartment"), and only that territory, in the animal. As development proceeds, a "selector gene" switches on in a subset of this clone of cells, and the clone becomes divided into two sets of cells that construct two adjacent compartments. Much of the evidence for the theory comes from studies on the Drosophila fly wing.[10] For the last twenty years he has been working, in collaboration with Gary Struhl on the development of the adult abdomen of Drosophila, with the aim of understanding the design and construction of the epidermal patterns, particularly planar polarity and cell affinity.[11] His research has been funded by the MRC and the Wellcome Trust.[8] PublicationsLawrence wrote The Making of a Fly in 1992,[1][12] which explains how the body plans of flies and higher animals, like humans, are constructed. The book received "further" recognition in April 2011 when fellow biologist Michael Eisen discovered two booksellers were programatically setting increasingly higher prices for copies of the book on Amazon.com's used book market. The sellers eventually priced copies over $23 million before the feedback loop was broken.[13][14][15][16] Lawrence has also written commentaries on the ethics of science practice,[17][18][19][20] and collaborated with Mark Bretscher on the obituary of Francis Crick published in Current Biology.[21][22] Awards and honoursLawrence was awarded membership of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).{{when|date=May 2017}}[23] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1983, awarded the Darwin Medal, and was a recipient of the Prince of Asturias Prize for scientific research. He was elected a Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2000.[8] Personal lifeLawrence married Birgitta Haraldson in 1971,[1] a clinical psychologist and expert on autism.{{fact|date=May 2017}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Who's Who | surname = LAWRENCE | othernames = Peter Anthony | id = U23962 | volume = 2013 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}} {{FRS 1983}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Peter}}2. ^{{EuropePMC|ORCID=0000-0002-9554-8268}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://making-of-a-fly.me |title=The Making of a Fly|first= Peter A.|last= Lawrence|year=2017|website=making-of-a-fly.me}} 4. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Crick | first1 = Francis | last2 = Lawrence | first2 = Peter | title = Compartments and polyclones in insect development | journal = Science| volume = 189 | issue = 4200 | pages = 340–347 | year = 1975 | pmid = 806966|bibcode = 1975Sci...189..340C |doi = 10.1126/science.806966 }} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Morata | first1 = G. | last2 = Lawrence | first2 = P. | title = Control of compartment development by the engrailed gene in Drosophila | journal = Nature | volume = 255 | issue = 5510 | pages = 614–617 | year = 1975 | pmid = 1134551|bibcode = 1975Natur.255..614M |doi = 10.1038/255614a0 }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = P. | last2 = Struhl | first2 = G. | title = Morphogens, compartments, and pattern: Lessons from drosophila? | journal = Cell| volume = 85 | issue = 7 | pages = 951–961 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8674123 | doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81297-0}} 7. ^John Finch; 'A Nobel Fellow on Every Floor', Medical Research Council 2008, 381 pp, {{ISBN|978-1-84046-940-0}}. 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal|last=Vicente|first=Catarina|year=2016|title=An interview with Peter Lawrence|journal=Development|language=en|volume=143|issue=2|pages=183–185|doi=10.1242/dev.133769|issn=0950-1991|pmid=26786208}} {{subscription required}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = Peter A. | title = Development and determination of hairs and bristles in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera) | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 475–498 | year = 1966 | pmid = 5956722}} 10. ^"Genetics of Animal Design", LVMH Science for Art Abstracts. 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hhmi.org/science/neurosci/struhl.htm |title=Gary Struhl's web site}} 12. ^1 {{cite book |author=Lawrence, Peter |title=The making of a fly: the genetics of animal design |publisher=Blackwell Science |location=Oxford |year=1992 |pages= |isbn=978-0-632-03048-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/web/04/25/amazon.price.algorithm/ |title=Amazon seller lists book at $23,698,655.93 -- plus shipping |last=Sutter |first=John |date=25 April 2011 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=26 April 2011}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.techeye.net/internet/amazon-listed-text-book-for-23-million |title=Amazon listed text book for $23 million – Sellers using Algorithms to set prices |last=Farrell |first=Nick |date=25 April 2011 |accessdate=26 April 2011}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/The-perils-of-automatic-pricing-on-Amazon-1351782.php |title=The perils of automatic pricing on Amazon |last=Eaton |first=Nick |date=25 April 2011 |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |accessdate=26 April 2011}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=358 |title=Amazon's $23,698,655.93 book about flies |last=Eisen |first=Michael |date=22 April 2011 |work=it is NOT junk: (blog of Michael Eisen) |accessdate=26 April 2011}} 17. ^{{Google scholar id}} 18. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = P. A. | title = Men, Women, and Ghosts in Science | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040019 | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = e19 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16535774| pmc =1326282 }} {{open access}} 19. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = P. A. | title = Real Lives and White Lies in the Funding of Scientific Research | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000197 | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = e1000197 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19753105| pmc =2735719 }} {{open access}} 20. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = P. A. | title = The politics of publication | doi = 10.1038/422259a | journal = Nature | volume = 422 | issue = 6929 | pages = 259–261 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12646895| bibcode = 2003Natur.422..259L }} 21. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Bretscher | first1 = M. | last2 = Lawrence | first2 = P. | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.006 | title = Francis Crick 1916–2004 | journal = Current Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 16 | pages = R642–R645 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15324677}} 22. ^1 {{cite journal|url=http://making-of-a-fly.me/files/pdf/pal_on_FC_bio.pdf|title=Book review: A scientist unparalleled|first=Peter|last= Lawrence|year= 2009|journal=Current Biology|volume=19|issue=22|pages=R1015–R1018|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.016}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/peter-a-lawrence|website=people.embo.org|title=EMBO member: Peter A. Lawrence}} 7 : 1941 births|Living people|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|British zoologists|Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
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