| 词条 | Phyllis Shand Allfrey |
| 释义 |
Phyllis Byam Shand Allfrey (24 October 1908 – February 4, 1986) was a West Indian writer, socialist activist, newspaper editor and politician of the island of Dominica in the Caribbean. She is best known for her first novel, The Orchid House (1953), based on her own early life, which in 1991 was turned into a Channel 4 television miniseries in the United Kingdom. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}} Early life and family background{{lacking ISBN|section|date=November 2014}}Born in Roseau, Dominica, West Indies, in 1908, she was the daughter of Francis Byam Berkeley Shand and Elfreda (née Nicholls), and was baptized Phyllis Byam.[1] Her father's settler family was long established in Roseau. With roots in the West Indies going back to the 17th century, Phyllis later described herself as "a West Indian of over 300 years' standing, despite my pale face."[2] Her earliest ancestor in the West Indies was Lieutenant General William Byam, a Royalist officer who in 1644 defended Bridgwater against a parliamentary force. Imprisoned in the Tower of London, he was permitted to migrate to the West Indies. After the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660, he was granted estates in Antigua.[3] Life and careerPhyllis Shand married Robert Allfrey, an English Oxford engineer, and they had five children, including their adopted sons, Robbie and David, from a Carib reservation. Their daughter Phina, another Oxford University graduate was killed in a motor accident in Botswana.[4] In politics, Allfrey founded the Dominica Labour Party. On the formation of the West Indies Federation, this was affiliated to the West Indies Federal Labour Party, and in 1958 she was elected to the new West Indies legislature, representing Dominica. Within weeks she was serving in the government of Sir Grantley Adams as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs and was the only woman minister of the new Federation. In 1941 Allfrey established a connection with Tribune, the newspaper of the left wing of the British Labour Party where from 1941 to 1944 her reviews, poems and short stories appeared regularly alongside those of regular contributors like Naomi Mitchison, Stevie Smith, Julian Symons, Elizabeth Taylor, Inez Holden and George Orwell who became its literary editor in 1943. Phyllis Shand came second place in an international poetry competition judged by Vita Sackville-West.[5] She edited the Dominica Herald and also published and wrote for another newspaper, The Dominica Star, which was in being between 1965 and 1982.[6] DeathAllfrey died in Dominica in 1986, aged 77.[1] A posthumous collection of her short stories, It Falls Into Place, was published in 2004.[7] She left behind an unpublished novel, In the Cabinet.[8] A collection of her poems, Love for an Island: the Collected Poems of Phyllis Shand Allfrey, was published in 2014 [9] Publications{{lacking ISBN|section|date=November 2014}}
See also
Notes1. ^1 Anne Commire, Deborah Klezmer, Women in world history: a biographical encyclopedia vol. 1 (1999), p. 236 2. ^Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: a Caribbean Life (Rutgers University Press, 1996), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ybump8V_hmoC&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 6] 3. ^Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Introduction to Phyllis Shand Allfrey, The Orchid House (1996 edition), p, vi 4. ^Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: a Caribbean Life (Rutgers University Press, 1996), [https://books.google.as/books?id=Ybump8V_hmoC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=robert+allfrey+oxford+engineer&source=bl&ots=bvm1b4zhA3&sig=gst39VfKmJeLfmK-M_uL56BvVdI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLqOKwtZXXAhWE6CYKHbIeCT4Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=robert%20allfrey%20oxford%20engineer&f=false p. 39] 5. ^Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: a Caribbean Life (Rutgers University Press, 1996), [https://books.google.as/books?id=Ybump8V_hmoC&pg=PA61&dq=phyllis+shand+allfrey+tribune+literary+pages&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwipyqPwtpXXAhWF5CYKHfvzD04Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=phyllis%20shand%20allfrey%20tribune%20literary%20pages&f=false p. 61] 6. ^Profile, dloc.com; accessed 18 November 2014. 7. ^It Falls Into Place (Papillote Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-9532224-1-1}}) 8. ^Selwyn Reginald Cudjoe, Caribbean women writers: essays from the first international conference, p. 120 9. ^"Love for an Island" (Papillote Press, 2014; {{ISBN|978-0-9571187-5-1}}) 10. ^1st ed. by Constable, 1953; new edition by Virago, 1982 11. ^Papillote Press, 2004 12. ^Papillote Press, 2014 External links
12 : 1915 births|1986 deaths|People from Roseau|Dominica people of British descent|Dominica Labour Party politicians|Dominica writers|Caribbean women writers|Dominica women in politics|Women novelists|Deaths in Dominica|20th-century women writers|20th-century novelists |
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