请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 Eastern Jebel languages
释义

  1. Languages

  2. Reconstruction

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. Bibliography

{{Infobox language family
|name=Eastern Jebel
|region=Sudan
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=Eastern Sudanic
|glotto=east2386
|glottorefname=Eastern Jebel
|map=Jebel languages.png
|mapcaption=The rough location of the Eastern Jebel languages, in An Nil al Azraq province
}}

The Eastern Jebel languages are a small subfamily belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subgroup of Nilo-Saharan. They are spoken in the hills of An Nil al Azraq province in eastern Sudan (the name "Jebel" is simply Arabic for "mountain".)

Languages

The Eastern Jebel languages are:

  • Gaam (also called "Ingassana" or "Tabi")
  • Aka (Silak)
  • Kelo (Tornasi)
  • Molo (Malkan)

Gaam has some 40.000–80,000 speakers, whereas the other three are threatened languages with much fewer speakers. Gaam was believed to be the only member of this group until more information about Aka, Kelo, and Molo was obtained by Bender; the latter three languages have been significantly influenced by Berta. Gaam is spoken in a compact area around the towns of Bau, Bobuk, Kukur, and Sawda in the Tabi Hills, roughly 11°15′–30′ N by 33°55′–34°10′ E.

The other three are spoken in isolated pockets to its south: Aka in the Sillok Hills, Kelo in the Tornasi Hills on jebels Tornasi (Kayli village) and Beni Sheko, and Molo at Jebel Malkan near the Ethiopian border.

Reconstruction

Proto-Eastern Jebel has been reconstructed by Bender (1998).[1]

See also

  • List of Proto-Eastern Jebel reconstructions (Wiktionary)

References

1. ^Bender, M. Lionel. 1998. The Eastern Jebel Languages of Sudan. Afrika und Übersee 81: 39-64.

Bibliography

  • Malik Agaar Ayre & M. Lionel Bender, Preliminary Gaam-English-Gaam Dictionary. Addis Abeba 1980.
  • M. Lionel Bender. "The Eastern Jebel Languages of Sudan". Afrika und Übersee 80 (1997), 81 (1998):189-215, 39-64.
  • W. J. Crewe. "The Phonological Features of the Ingessana Language". 1975
  • E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "Ethnological Observations in Dar Fung", Sudan Notes and Records 15.1, 1932. pp. 1–61.
  • F. S. & J. Lister. "The Ingessana Language: A Preliminary Description", Journal of Ethiopian Studies 4.1, 1966. pp. 41–44.
  • B. Z. Seligman. "Notes on Two Languages Spoken in the Sennar Province of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan", Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 2.4, 1912. pp. 297–308.
  • Timothy M. Stirtz. "Phonology and Orthography in Gaahmg", in ed. Leoma C. Gilley, Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages No. 9, Entebbe: SIL-Sudan 2004.
  • Sisto Verri. "Il Linguaggio degli Ingessana nell'Africa Occidentale", Anthropos 50, 1955. pp. 282–318.
{{Eastern Sudanic languages}}{{ns-lang-stub}}

3 : Southern Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Jebel languages|Language families

随便看

 

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/9/26 2:29:03