“Pseudocydonia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Pseudocydonia sinensis, the Chinese quince, is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern Asia in China, and the sole species in the genus Pseudocydonia. It is closely related to the east Asian genus Chaenomeles, and is sometimes placed in Chaenomeles as C. sinensis,^[2] but notable differences are the lack of thorns, and that the flowers are produced singly, not in clusters. The Chinese quince is also closely related to the European Quince, Cydonia oblonga;^[3] notable differences include the serrated leaves, and lack of fuzz.

In China, the species is called mùguā-hǎitáng ({{lang|zh|木瓜海棠}}), while in Korea, it is called mogwa-namu ({{lang|ko|모과나무}}). The name of its fruit, mùguā ({{lang|zh|木瓜}}) in Chinese and mogwa ({{lang|ko|모과}}) in Korean, are cognates, the latter having derived from mokgwa ({{lang|ko|목과}}; {{lang|ko-Hant|木瓜}}), the Korean reading of the same Chinese characters. In Chinese, mùguā ({{lang|zh|木瓜}}) also means "papaya". In Japan, it is called karin ({{lang|ja|花梨}}; rarely, also {{lang|ja|榠樝}}), and the fruit, when referred to for its medicinal properties, is also called wa-mokka ({{lang|ja|和木瓜}}), a cognate derived from the Chinese and Korean names^[4]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=April 2018}}.

It grows to 10–18 m tall, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, 6–12 cm long and 3–6 cm broad, and have a serrated margin. The flowers are 2.5–4 cm diameter, with five pale pink petals; flowering is in mid spring. The fruit is a large ovoid pome 12–17 cm long with five carpels; it gives off an intense, sweet smell and it ripens in late autumn.

Uses

The fruit is hard and astringent, though it does soften and becomes less astringent after a period of frost. It can be used in the same way as quince is used for making jam. It is also grown as an ornamental tree in southern Europe.

In Korea, the fruit is used to make mogwa-cheong (preserved quince) and mogwa-cha (quince tea).

The fruit is used extensively in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis (termed as "damp bi syndrome").^[5] Recent pharmacological studies suggest extracts of phytochemicals in the fruit have antioxidant and antiviral properties.^[6]

Gallery

See also

References

1. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 29 December 2017}}
2. ^Gu Cuizhi and Stephen A. Spongberg, 2003. Flora of China (entry under Chaenomeles sinensis)
3. ^{{cite journal|author1=Campbell, C.S. |author2=Evans, R.C. |author3=Morgan, D.R. |author4=Dickinson, T.A. |author5=Arsenault, M.P. |year=2007|title=Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=266|issue=1–2|pages=119–145|url=http://biology.umaine.edu/Amelanchier/Pyrinae_2007.pdf|doi=10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y|citeseerx=10.1.1.453.8954 }}
4. ^ja:カリン (バラ科)
5. ^Lim, T. K. "Pseudocydonia sinensis." Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants. Springer Netherlands, 2012. 515-522.
6. ^Hamauzu, Yasunori, et al. "Reddish coloration of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) procyanidins during heat treatment and effect on antioxidant and antiinfluenza viral activities." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 55.4 (2007): 1221-1226.