| 词条 | Eddie Cheever | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Eddie Cheever | image = Eddie Cheever Jr 2009 Indy 500 Second Qual Day.JPG | caption = Eddie Cheever, Jr. at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 2009. | nationality = {{flagicon|USA}} American | birth_name = Edward McKay Cheever, Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|10}} | birth_place = Phoenix, Arizona, U.S. | Years = {{F1|1978}}, {{F1|1980}}–{{F1|1989}} | Team(s) = Theodore, Hesketh, Osella, Tyrrell, Ligier, Renault, Alfa Romeo, Haas Lola, Arrows | Races = 143 (132 starts) | Championships = 0 | Wins = 0 | Podiums = 9 | Points = 70 | Poles = 0 | Fastest laps = 0 | First race = 1978 Argentine Grand Prix | First win = | Last win = | Last race = 1989 Australian Grand Prix }} Edward McKay Cheever Jr. (born January 10, 1958) is an American former racing driver who raced for almost 30 years in Formula One, sports cars, CART, and the Indy Racing League. Cheever participated in 143 Formula One World Championship races and started 132, more than any other American, driving for nine different teams from 1978 through 1989. In 1997, he formed his own IRL team and won the 1998 Indianapolis 500 as both owner and driver. The team now competes in sports cars. Early lifeThough born in Phoenix, Arizona, Cheever lived in Rome, Italy as a child. He was introduced to motorsports at age eight, when his father took him to a sports car race in Monza. He soon began racing go-karts and won both the Italian and European Karting Championships at age 15. He worked his way up through the levels of European Formula racing, teaming with fellow American Danny Sullivan in Formula Three in 1975 scoring a significant win against Gunnar Nilsson and Rupert Keegan at the end of 1975 and then driving for Ron Dennis' Project Four team in Formula Two in 1976, 1977 and 1978, finishing runner-up to René Arnoux in the 1977 championship. By the end of 1977 he was considered the most promising driver in the world outside F1, scoring brilliant wins in 1977 in F2 at Nurburgring and Rouen, an outright win on the classic and terrifying French road circuit over Rosberg, Arnoux, Pironi and Tambay and finishing 2nd on the road at Nurburgring to graded driver, Jochen Mass, having passed twelve drivers, many of the top F1 drivers on the second lap of the Nurburgring race, in a drive easily equal to Jack Ickx performances in 1976. But for a massive crash in a test session in a BMW saloon he would have move immediately into a GP drive with Ferrari or Lotus. He remained always brilliant on the last days of the classical road circuits, fighting classic duels with Rosberg at Rouen and Nurburgring and in the first GP on the reopened Spa he probably drove his greatest race taking 3rd in the No2 Renault which never had engines equal to team leader Prost. Formula OneCheever first entered Formula One in {{f1|1978}}, shortly after his 20th birthday. After failing to qualify for the first two races of the year in Argentina and Brazil in a Theodore, he made the grid in South Africa in a Hesketh, but retired early. He then concentrated on Formula Two for the rest of 1978 and 1979. For the 1979 F2 championship, Cheever left Project Four and joined the Italian Osella team, taking three wins and fourth overall in their BMW-powered FA2. In {{f1|1980}} Osella moved up to Formula One, Cheever piloting the team's Cosworth-powered FA1. However, the car was unreliable and Cheever managed just one finish all year, twelfth place at the team's home race in Italy. Switching teams repeatedly as he tried to climb his way up the grid, Cheever had five points-scoring finishes for the Tyrrell team in {{f1|1981}}, and three podiums for Ligier the following year, including a second place at the 1982 Detroit Grand Prix. The {{f1|1983}} season proved to be Cheever's high point in Formula One. He signed with the factory Equipe Renault team alongside Frenchman Alain Prost, both of whom were among the year's Championship favorites. Cheever earned four more podiums and 22 Championship points driving the Renault RE30C for the first two races before driving its much better replacement, the RE40, for the remainder of the season. But the team's disappointment after losing both the Drivers' (Prost) and Constructors' titles late in the season brought about the replacement of both Cheever and Prost. His best finish for Renault was second in the Canadian Grand Prix at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, while earlier in the season he achieved his highest career qualifying position when he was second to teammate Prost at the French Grand Prix at the Paul Ricard Circuit. Unconfirmed rumors had Renault signing Cheever as the French manufacturer was looking to sell more cars in North America, and having an American driver in the factory backed Formula One team would help that cause (there were three F1 races in North America in 1983 - Long Beach, Detroit and Canada). In six more seasons, he never drove another truly competitive F1 car. After leaving Renault, Cheever had two unsuccessful seasons with Alfa Romeo as teammate to Italian Riccardo Patrese. The thirsty and underpowered 890T V8 turbo engine used in the Alfas generally saw results few and far between, though it was generally believed Cheever outperformed his teammate despite failing to qualify for the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix. Patrese though scored the only podium finish for the team in those two years when he finished third in the 1984 Italian Grand Prix. Cheever had been 3rd with 6 laps remaining but his Alfa ran out of fuel, handing the place to Patrese (the team had set Cheever's 890T engine for speed while setting Patrese for an economy run in the hope of a good finish). {{f1|1985}} wasn't helped by the team's car, the Alfa Romeo 185T, which proved to be extremely uncompetitive, forcing the team to upgrade its {{f1|1984}} car, the 184T to 1985 specifications and use it for the last half of the season, though the old car did not improve results despite proving slightly faster as the fuel issue remained. Late in the 1985 season, Alfa announced they were pulling out of F1 at the end of the year, leaving Cheever without an F1 drive, while Patrese went back to Brabham in place of Nelson Piquet, who was moving to Williams. While racing in the World Sportscar Championship for Tom Walkinshaw Racing's Jaguar team, Cheever raced in only one F1 Grand Prix in {{f1|1986}}. This was for the American owned and sponsored Haas Lola team at Detroit, as a replacement for the injured Patrick Tambay. Cheever actually qualified the unfamiliar Lola THL2 with its turbocharged Ford V6 engine in 10th position. Regular team driver, {{f1|1980}} World Champion Alan Jones, could only qualify his car 21st. Both Lola's retired with steering damage in the race, Jones on lap 33, Cheever 4 laps later. Cheever was only the third choice to replace Tambay for the race. Team owner Carl Haas had originally asked the lead driver in his CART team, {{f1|1978}} World Champion Mario Andretti to drive. Mario declined however, but recommended his son Michael as a replacement. However, when Michael was unable to obtain a FIA Superlicence for the race, Haas turned to the experienced Cheever, who quickly agreed to an F1 comeback. For {{f1|1987}}, he was signed by Arrows team boss Jackie Oliver to partner British driver Derek Warwick (Cheever's appointment coincided with the US based USF&G financial group becoming the team's major sponsor). Cheever and Warwick (who had been teammates at TWR the previous year) were evenly matched and would have many on-track battles throughout 1987 and {{f1|1988}}. He secured third place at the 1988 Italian Grand Prix at Monza; at one stage, he was almost disqualified when his Arrows A10B's 150 liter fuel tank was found to actually contain 151 liters. Luckily, further examination revealed the tank size to be 149 liters and his third place stood. The podium cost him a new pair of sunglasses for the chief mechanic. Monza, won by the Ferrari of Gerhard Berger, was the only time the McLaren-Hondas of Alain Prost and 1988 World Champion Ayrton Senna did not win a race in 1988. Cheever's third place in the 1988 Italian Grand Prix was also the final podium for the turbocharged l4 BMW M12 engine (badged as "Megatron" in 1987 and 1988). At the time, it was the oldest turbo engine in use in Formula One, having been first used by the Brabham team in 1982. His final podium finish came at the 1989 United States Grand Prix in his home town of Phoenix, where he was involved in a race long battle with the Williams-Renault of former Alfa Romeo teammate Riccardo Patrese for 2nd place, but then had to give way at the later stages of the race when his brakes started to fade (he claimed that one of his front brakes had actually stopped working). Cheever's last race in Formula One was at the very wet 1989 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide. During the last seconds of qualifying, he got out of shape coming out of the Fosters Hairpin onto the pit straight and clouted the wall hard with his Arrows A11-Ford, destroying the rear of the car. In the race he was the last to retire, spinning off on lap 42 after driving for many laps with another car's front wing lodged in his Arrows' sidepod. During his final season in Formula One, Cheever remained competitive (when he finished, his average finishing place was 7th), but he became increasingly bemused by his inability to qualify well (his average qualifying position was 23rd, compared to Warwick's 14th). His best qualifying position for the season with 16th in both Canada and Hungary, and he even failed to qualify for the British Grand Prix at Silverstone and the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, where he had finished 3rd the previous year. In all, he participated in 143 Grands Prix, achieved 9 podiums, and scored a total of 70 championship points. His best year was 1983, when he finished 7th in the championship, scored three podium finishes and one front row start for Renault. {{Clear}}CART{{Infobox racing driver| last series = CART World Series | years active = 1986, 1990–1995 | teams = Arciero Racing Chip Ganassi Racing Team Menard King Racing Turley Motorsports A. J. Foyt Enterprises | starts = 82 | wins = 0 | poles = 0 | fastest laps = | best finish = 9th | year = 1990, 1991 | awards = CART Rookie of the Year[1] Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year | award years = 1990 }} From 1986 to 1988, while still driving in Formula One, Cheever won ten sports car races for Jaguar. In 1990 he moved to the US to drive for Chip Ganassi Racing in the CART series. In his first attempt at the Indianapolis 500, he finished eighth and was named the race's Rookie of the Year, as well as CART's Rookie of the Year.[1] In 1992, he qualified second for the race and finished fourth. In total, he scored four podium finishes in the series, but never won. Driving for A. J. Foyt's team, Cheever came closest to victory at Nazareth in 1995; he was leading the race on the last lap when he ran out of fuel. {{Clear}}Indianapolis 500 and Indy Racing League{{Infobox racing driver| last series = Indy Racing League IndyCar Series | years active = 1996–2002, 2006 | teams = Team Menard Cheever Racing | starts = 77 | wins = 5 | poles = 1 | fastest laps = | best finish = 3rd | year = 1996–1997, 2000 | titles = Indianapolis 500 Winner | title years = 1998 | awards = | award years = }} In 1996 the Indy Racing League began, and Cheever moved there from CART. Cheever ran for Team Menard for the three-race series, and at the 1996 Indianapolis 500, he set the fastest race lap to date at {{convert|236.103|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. Cheever then set up his own team and had his first race as a driver/owner at New Hampshire later that August, which was the first race of the next season. In 1998, all the pieces came together for Cheever when he took the biggest win of his career. He started from 17th position and led 76 of 200 laps to win the 82nd Indianapolis 500, despite sliding in the first turn of the race's first lap, helping bring out the race's first caution period. He was the first owner/driver to win the race since A. J. Foyt (one of Cheever's former bosses) in 1977. Cheever's IRL team, active until July 2006, ran cars for Alex Barron and Patrick Carpentier in 2005. Having hung up his helmet in 2002, except for occasional instances such as the 2006 24 Hours of Daytona where he competed in the first race with his new Grand-Am series team, Eddie announced on February 21, 2006 he would come out of retirement to run his own car in the IRL's first four races, including the Indianapolis 500. He shut his team down after the 8th race of the season due to lack of sponsorship. The team continues to compete in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series. Currently, Cheever is providing television commentary on ABC for the IndyCar Series and the Indianapolis 500, a position he has held since 2008 with Allen Bestwick and Scott Goodyear, a former three-time runner-up in the Indy 500 who also drove for Team Cheever in 2001. {{Clear}}GP MastersIn 2005 Cheever competed in the GP Masters series which is open to former Formula One drivers over the age of 45. In the championship's first ever event at Kyalami International Raceway in South Africa, Cheever finished in 8th position. Cheever finished 4th in the 2nd GP Masters race on April 29, 2006 at the Losail International Circuit in Qatar. In the 3rd GP Masters race on August 13, 2006 at the Silverstone Circuit in England, he took the victory under wet track conditions. {{Clear}}Racing recordComplete European Formula Two Championship results(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One World Championship results(key)
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
* Cheever was listed as DNS American Open Wheel(key) CART results
IRL IndyCar Series results
1 The 1999 VisionAire 500K at Charlotte was cancelled after 79 laps due to spectator fatalities. Cheever qualified 18th. CART career summary
Best race finish: 2nd (Phoenix - 1992), best championship result: 9th IRL IndyCar career summary
Indianapolis 500
International Race of Champions results(key) (Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led.)
References1. ^1 Wicker, Ned. IndyCar Champion - A Season with Target/Chip Ganassi Racing, Motorbooks International, 1997, page 12
External links{{Portal|Biography}}{{commons}}{{s-start}}{{s-sports}}{{succession box | title = Indianapolis 500Rookie of the Year| years = 1990 | before = Bernard Jourdain Scott Pruett | after = Jeff Andretti}}{{succession box | before = Bernard Jourdain | title = CART Rookie of the Year | years = 1990 | after = Jeff Andretti}}{{succession box|before=Arie Luyendyk|title=Indianapolis 500 Winner|years=1998|after=Kenny Bräck}}{{s-ach}}{{succession box|title=Scott Brayton Award|before=Eliseo Salazar|after=Davey Hamilton|years=2000}}{{s-end}}{{Indy 500 winners}}{{Renault F1}}{{Arrows}}{{IndyCar Series on ABC}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cheever, Eddie}} 34 : 1958 births|Living people|24 Hours of Le Mans drivers|American expatriates in Italy|American Formula One drivers|Alfa Romeo Formula One drivers|Arrows Formula One drivers|Champ Car drivers|Karting World Championship drivers|European Formula Two Championship drivers|Rolex Sports Car Series drivers|Grand Prix Masters drivers|Haas Lola Formula One drivers|Hesketh Formula One drivers|Indianapolis 500 drivers|Indianapolis 500 Rookies of the Year|Indianapolis 500 winners|IndyCar Series drivers|IndyCar Series team owners|International Race of Champions drivers|Ligier Formula One drivers|Motorsport announcers|Osella Formula One drivers|Racing drivers from Arizona|Renault Formula One drivers|Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona|Theodore Formula One drivers|Tyrrell Formula One drivers|World Sportscar Championship drivers|Blancpain Endurance Series drivers|24 Hours of Spa drivers|24 Hours of Daytona drivers|20th-century American racing drivers|21st-century American racing drivers |
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