词条 | Pēteris Stučka |
释义 |
}}{{Infobox Officeholder | name = Pēteris Stučka | honorific-suffix = | image = Peteris Stucka.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Pēteris Stučka. | order3 = People's Commissar for Justice of the RSFSR | term_start3 = 29 November | term_end3 = 22 December 1917 | premier3 = Vladimir Lenin | predecessor3 = Georgy Oppokov | successor3 = Isaac Steinberg | term_start4 = 18 March | term_end4 = 14 September 1918 | premier4 = Vladimir Lenin | predecessor4 = Isaac Steinberg | successor4 = Dmitry Kursky | order2 = Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic | term_start2 = 17 December 1918 | term_end2 = 13 January 1920 | predecessor2 = None—position established | successor2 = None—position dissolved | order = Chairman of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR | term_start = 1923 | term_end = 1932 | premier = Vladimir Lenin (until 1924) Alexey Rykov | predecessor = None—position established | successor = Ivan Lazarevic Bulat | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|July 26|1865|July 14}} | birth_place = Koknese parish, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|1|25|1865|7|14}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | nationality = Soviet | party = All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) | spouse = Dora Pliekšāne | alma_mater = St. Petersburg University | profession = Lawyer }} Pēteris Stučka, sometimes spelt Pyotr Ivanovich Stuchka ({{lang-ru|Пётр Ива́нович Сту́чка}}, {{lang-de|Peter Stutschka}} (in contemporary writings); b. {{OldStyleDate|July 26|1865|July 14}} in Koknese parish, Governorate of Livonia – d. January 25, 1932 in Moscow), was the head of the Bolshevik government in Latvia during the Latvian War of Independence, one of the leaders of the New Current movement in the late 19th century, a prolific writer and translator, an editor of major Latvian and Russian socialist and communist newspapers and periodicals, a prominent jurist and educator, and the first president of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union. Stučka's wife, Dora Pliekšāne (1870–1950), was the sister of the Latvian poet Rainis (Jānis Pliekšāns), with whom Stučka shared a room during their law studies at St. Petersburg University.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} The Latvian socialists split at the turn of the twentieth century. Stučka, a member of Lenin's inner circle, believed that the goals of global communism were more important than cultural identity. {{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}. Rainis, Stučka's brother-in-law, supported socialism, but stressed that national culture was also important. Although Rainis initially supported a free Latvia within a free Russia, he would later support an independent Latvian nation. During Latvia's War of Independence, 1918-1920, Stučka and his army of Latvian and Russian soldiers was defeated by the Latvian provisional government. Despite having the initial support of many Latvians, he lost this by breaking his promise to provide land to individuals, supporting collective farms.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} In the USSR during the 1920s, Stučka was one of the main Soviet legal theoreticians who promoted the "revolutionary" or "proletarian" model of socialist legality.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} After his death in 1932, Stučka's remains were interred amongst those of other Communist dignitaries in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, near Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square. Places and organizations named in honour of Stučka
WorksA comprehensive bibliography of the works by and about Stučka, with explanatory material in both Latvian and Russian, is:
Further reading
External links
16 : 1865 births|1932 deaths|Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis|Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Executive Committee of the Communist International|Justice ministers of Russia|Latvian atheists|Latvian communists|Latvian revolutionaries|Members of the State Duma (Russian Empire)|Old Bolsheviks|People from Koknese|People from the Governorate of Livonia|People's Commissars and Ministers of the Soviet Union|Riga State Gymnasium No.1 alumni|Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
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