| 词条 | Edward Durell Stone | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Edward Durell Stone |image = Model of Electronics Research Centers.jpg |image_size = 287px |caption = Stone (center) viewing a model of NASA's Electronics Research Center, 1964 |nationality = American |birth_date = {{birth date|1902|3|9}} |birth_place = Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States |death_date = {{death date and age|1978|8|6|1902|3|9}} |death_place = New York City, New York, United States |alma_mater = University of Arkansas, Boston Architectural College, Harvard University, MIT |significant_buildings = Radio City Music Hall, Museum of Modern Art, Kennedy Center, 2 Columbus Circle, First Canadian Place, Aon Center, University at Albany Uptown Campus }} Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was a twentieth century American architect known for the formal, highly decorative buildings he designed in the 1950s and 1960s. His works include the Museum of Modern Art, in New York City, the United States Embassy in New Delhi, India, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Life and workStone was born and raised in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He attended the University of Arkansas, Harvard and M.I.T., but did not earn a degree.[1] In 1927 he won the Rotch Travelling Scholarship, which afforded him the opportunity to travel through Europe on a two-year stipend.[2] Stone was impressed by the new architecture he observed in Europe, buildings designed in what would come to be known as the International Style.[3] He returned to the United States in 1929 and took up residence in Manhattan. Hired by the architectural firm of Schultze and Weaver, he designed interiors for the new Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. He subsequently worked for the Associated Architects of Rockefeller Center and became the principal designer of Radio City Music Hall.[4] Stone was an early advocate of the International Style. His first independent commission was the Richard H. Mandel House, in Mount Kisco, New York (1933).[5] This was followed by the Ulrich Kowalski house, also in Mt. Kisco (1934),[6] and the Albert C. Koch house in Cambridge Massachusetts (1936).[7][8] In 1936 Stone was chosen as associate architect for the new Museum of Modern Art in New York City, designed in collaboration with Phillip Goodwin.[9] Stone also designed a private residence for MoMA president Anson Conger Goodyear in Old Westbury, NY (1938).[10] Both the Mandel and Goodyear residences are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[11] At the outset of World War II Stone enlisted in the U.S. Army. He was promoted to the rank of major and served as chief of the Army Air Force Planning and Design Section.[12] Returning to New York after the war, Stone was commissioned to design the ten-story El Panama Hotel in Panama City, Panama (1946),[13] the University of Arkansas Fine Arts Center in Fayetteville (1948),[14] and the 850-bed Hospital del Seguro Social del Empleado in Lima, Peru (1950).[15][16] Stone’s best-known work was the Embassy of the United States in New Delhi, India (1959).[17] Tasked with creating a modern building that respected the architectural heritage of its host country, he designed a temple-like pavilion on a raised podium.[18] Frank Lloyd Wright called the embassy one of the most beautiful buildings he had ever seen,[19] and it won a first honor award from the American Institute of Architects (AIA).[20] Subsequent commissions such as the Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto, California (1955),[21] the Stuart Pharmaceutical Company in Pasadena, California (1956),[22] and the United States pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair (1957),[23] repeated elements originally designed for the embassy.[24] The Stuart building and World’s Fair pavilion both won awards from the AIA[25] and Stone was elected to the Institute’s College of Fellows in 1958.[26] Described as romanticist,[27] Stone’s ornate designs brought him commercial success.[28] By the 1960s his firm was among the largest architectural practices in the United States, with over 200 employees and offices on both coasts.[29] Buildings from this period include the North Carolina State Legislative Building in Raleigh (1960),[30] the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology in Nilore (1961),[31] the National Geographic Society building in Washington, D.C. (1961),[32] the Museo de Arte in Ponce, Puerto Rico (1961),[33] the Albany campus of the State University of New York (1962),[34] the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. (1962),[35] the General Motors building in New York City (1964), the PepsiCo World Headquarters, in Purchase, New York (1967),[36] the Florida State Capital complex in Tallahassee (1970),[37] and the Standard Oil building (now known as the Aon Center) in Chicago, Illinois (1970).[38] Stone retired in 1974 and died in 1978.[39] Following a New York City funeral his ashes were buried in his hometown of Fayetteville.[40] Honors and awardsHonorary degrees
Memberships and honors
Architectural awards
Selected works
GalleryReferences1. ^Edward Durell Stone, The Evolution of an Architect (New York: Horizon Press, 1962). Bibliography2. ^"Tech Student Wins Rotch Scholarship," Boston Herald, May 4, 1927. 3. ^Stone, The Evolution of an Architect. 4. ^Mary Anne Hunting, Edward Durell Stone: Modernism’s Populist Architect (New York: W.W. Norton, 2013). 5. ^"House of Richard H. Mandel," Architectural Forum, August 1935. 6. ^"Recent Work by Edward D. Stone," Architectural Forum, July 1941. 7. ^The Koch house was designed in association with Carl Koch, Jr. 8. ^"Grand Prize: Prize Houses Over $12,000," Architectural Forum, January 1939. 9. ^"Current Architecture: The Museum of Modern Art, New York City," Architectural Review, September 1939. 10. ^"Recent Work by Edward D. Stone". 11. ^National Register of Historic Places Single Property Listings Finding Aid: New York, (Tucson: National Park Service Intermountain Region Museum Services Program, 2017). 12. ^Hicks Stone, Edward Durell Stone: A Son’s Untold Story of a Legendary Architect (New York: Rizzoli, 2011). 13. ^"Hotel Made for the Tropics: Honeycombed El Panama is air-conditioned by the trade winds," Architectural Forum, April 1951. 14. ^"University Art Center—Architect Stone’s sure hand with countless details creates a harmonious home for seven arts under one Arkansas roof," Architectural Forum, September 1951. 15. ^The hospital was designed in association with Alfred L. Aydelott. 16. ^"Big Double Hospital: Skillful handling of traffic and service flow by US architects integrates maternity and general health facilities for 850 Peruvian inpatients," Architectural Forum, June 1952. 17. ^Goldberger, "A Reversal of Direction." 18. ^Jane C. Loeffler, The Architecture of Diplomacy (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998). 19. ^"It's news when Wright lauds an architect," Palo Alto Times, August 3, 1955. 20. ^Wolf Von Eckardt, Mid-Century Architecture in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1961). 21. ^"Medicine’s new 'Taj Mahal'," Architectural Forum, April 1958. 22. ^"Splendor in the Factory," Architectural Record, December 1959. 23. ^"A final look at Brussels," Architectural Forum, October 1958. 24. ^Steven Bedford, "Stone, Edward Durell," in Encyclopedia of Architecture Design, Engineering & Construction, ed. by Joseph A. Wilkes and Robert T. Packard (New York: Wiley, 1989). 25. ^Von Eckardt. 26. ^"Honors for Architects," New York Times, April 27, 1958. 27. ^Edward Durell Stone, Recent and Future Architecture, (New York: Horizon Press, 1967). 28. ^Goldberger, "A Reversal of Direction." 29. ^"100 Largest Architectural Firms in the U.S.," Architectural Forum, April 1963; "100 Largest Architectural Firms in the U.S.," Architectural Forum, April 1964; "Man with a billion on the drawing board," Business Week, October 8, 1966. 30. ^"New Statehouse for North Carolina," Architectural Forum, December 1963. 31. ^"Architecture: Mogul Modern," Time, August 12, 1966. 32. ^Ada Louise Huxtable, "Architecture: In Capitol: National Geographic Society’s Building Sets a Standard for Washington," New York Times, December 11, 1963. 33. ^"Ponce: Design for a Temperate Climate," Architectural Record, April 1966. 34. ^Douglas Dales, "Model of College Shown by State," New York Times, June 12, 1962. 35. ^Robert Hughes, "The New Monuments," Time, September 13, 1971. 36. ^"From Park Avenue to an old polo Field: a lush new setting for PepsiCo’s headquarters," Architectural Record, February 1972. 37. ^"Florida: The Legislature: The multi-phased construction program of the new capitol complex in Tallahassee," Interior Design, January 1979. 38. ^"Block-Buster Approach to Architecture," Progressive Architecture, April 1970. 39. ^Hicks Stone, Edward Durell Stone. 40. ^John G. Williams, The Curious and the Beautiful: A Memoir History of the Architecture Program at the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1984). 41. ^"Art for Arkansas," "Interiors", July 1951, 12. 42. ^Hunting, "Edward Durell Stone". 43. ^"12 Graduated at Otis Art Institute," Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1961. 44. ^"Today's Youth Called Mature and Dedicated," New York Times, May 13, 1962. 45. ^"Honors," Architectural Record, July 1955, 16. 46. ^"Honors for Architects," New York Times, April 27, 1958. 47. ^Sandra Knox, "Prizes are given in Arts, Letters," New York Times, May 22, 1958. 48. ^"Negro Aid Termed Good for Business," New York Times, September 11, 1958. 49. ^"Academy Elects 116," New York Times, May 12, 1960. 50. ^"Arts Group Elects 10," New York Times, April 22, 1960. 51. ^"Social Science Awards," New York Times, December 14, 1961; “Architects in the News: Elder Named at B.C.; Kahn, Stone, Saarinen Honored,” Architectural Record, May 1962, 58. 52. ^"Edward Durell Stone Cited by Building Stone Institute," New York Times, August 23, 1964; “People / Stone Wins Stone Award,” AIA Journal, October 1964, 84. 53. ^"Alger Award Voted to Lowell Thomas," New York Times, May 12, 1971. 54. ^"Architects Award Prizes in 3 Fields," New York Times, April 22, 1937. 55. ^"Art Awards Announced," New York Times, June 2, 1950. 56. ^Ibid. 57. ^"Wins Gold Medal Award Of Architectural League," New York Times, January 18, 1952. 58. ^Von Eckardt, Mid-Century Architecture in America. 59. ^Ibid. 60. ^Ibid. 61. ^Thomas Ennis, “Institute Honors 13 New Projects: Progress Toward ‘Delight in Environment’ Noted,” New York Times, June 2, 1963. 62. ^John Leo, “Skidmore, Owings Is Presented With 5 Of Architects’ 20 Awards: Architects Give Annual Awards,” New York Times, May 16, 1967; “Edward Durell Stone Museo de Arte de Ponce,” AIA Journal, June 1967, 47.
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Two views on 2 Columbus Circle
13 : Edward Durell Stone buildings|Modernist architects from the United States|Postmodern architects|1902 births|1978 deaths|Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|People from Fayetteville, Arkansas|University of Arkansas alumni|Rome Prize winners|Boston Architectural College alumni|20th-century American architects|Architects from Arkansas |
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