| 释义 |
- History
- Models SPARC
- See also
- References
- External links
{{more footnotes|date=March 2018}}The Elbrus ({{lang-ru|Эльбрус}}) is a line of Soviet and Russian computer systems developed by Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. These computers are used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems, as well as for theoretical and researching purposes, such as an experimental Refal and CLU translators. HistoryHistorically, computers under the Elbrus brand comprised several different instruction set architectures. The first of them was the line of the large fourth-generation computers, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. These were heavily influenced by the Burroughs large systems and similarly to them implemented tag-based architecture and a variant of ALGOL as system language. After that Burtsev retired, and new Lebedev's chief developer, Boris Babaian, introduced the completely new system architecture. Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed a VLIW approach. In 1992 a spin-off company Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) was created and continued development, using the "Elbrus" moniker as a brand for all computer systems developed by the company. In the late 1990s, a series of SPARC-based CPUs were developed at MCST as a way to raise the fund for the in-house IP development and to fill the niche of domestically-developed CPUs for the backdoor-wary military. Models- Elbrus 1 (1973) was the first in the line.
- A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
- Elbrus 2 (1977) was a 10-processor computer, considered the first Soviet supercomputer, with superscalar RISC processors. Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with faster ECL chips.
- Elbrus 3 (1986) was a 16-processor computer developed by the Babayan's team, and one of the first VLIW computers in the world.
- Elbrus 2000 (2001) was a microprocessor development of the Elbrus 3 architecture. Also known as Elbrus-S.
- Elbrus-3M1 (2005) is a two-processor computer based on Elbrus 2000 microprocessor working at 300{{nbsp}}MHz.
- Elbrus МВ3S1/C (2009) is a ccNUMA four-processor computer based on Elbrus-S microprocessor working at 500{{nbsp}}MHz.
- Elbrus-2S+ (2011) working at 500{{nbsp}}MHz, with capacity to calculate 16{{nbsp}}GFlops.
- Elbrus-2SM (2014) working at 300{{nbsp}}MHz, with capacity to calculate 9.6{{nbsp}}GFlops.
- Elbrus-4S (2014) working at 800{{nbsp}}MHz, with capacity to calculate 50{{nbsp}}GFlops.[1]
- Elbrus-1S+ (2016) SoC with GPU, working at 600-1000{{nbsp}}MHz, with capacity to calculate 24{{nbsp}}GFlops.
- Elbrus-8S (2014–2015) working at 1300{{nbsp}}MHz, with capacity to calculate >200{{nbsp}}GFlops.
- Elbrus-16S (2018) with capacity to calculate >1{{nbsp}}TFlops.
SPARC- Elbrus-90micro (1998–2010) is a computer line based on SPARC instruction set architecture (ISA) microprocessors: MCST R80, R150, R500, R500S and MCST-4R working at 80, 150, 500 and 1000{{nbsp}}MHz. The Elbrus-90 is used to control the S-400 missile system.[2]
See also- List of Soviet computer systems
- List of Russian microprocessors
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2920988/russias-homegrown-elbrus-processor-and-pc-would-be-fantastic-in-1999.html|title=Russia's homegrown Elbrus processor and PC would be fantastic in 1999|publisher=}}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.pravdareport.com/world/asia/turkey/25-09-2017/138745-s_400_air_defence-0/ |title=Russia's S-400 air defence systems for NATO armies |first=Dmitry |last=Sudakov |date=September 25, 2017 |quote=The S-400 works equally well in 360 degrees of activity area. Its phased array radar antenna with Elbrus-90 computer ensures the detection range of up to 600 kilometres. |publisher=Pravda Report}}
External links- Elbrus website (Russian)
- MCST: Microprocessors and VLSI (Russian)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610221234/http://www.mcst.ru/2-3.htm "Elbrus" processor info] (Russian)
- "Elbrus-S" processor info (Russian)
- МВ3S1/C "Elbrus-S" based processor module (Russian)
- (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
- (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
- Russian microprocessors: An overview (Spanish - Espacial.org)
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mceI07NeIt0 Video of booting Windows 2000 on Elbrus microprocessor]
- The Elbrus-2: a Soviet-era high performance computer – project and hardware history discussion, including an interview with Boris Babaian, from the Computer History Museum
- Realworldtech - From Russia, With Skepticism
- EDN Network: The Russians Are Coming?
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055344/http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/elbrus-e2k.html X-bit labs: Elbrus E2K Speculations]
{{List of Russian microprocessors}}{{List of Soviet computer systems}} 5 : Mainframe computers|Supercomputers|Soviet inventions|Sun Microsystems|Soviet computer systems |