| 词条 | Elizabeth Holtzman |
| 释义 |
|image = Elizabeth Holtzman.jpg |office = 40th Comptroller of New York City |term_start = January 1, 1990 |term_end = December 31, 1993 |1blankname = {{nowrap|Mayor}} |1namedata = David Dinkins |predecessor = Harrison Goldin |successor = Alan Hevesi |office1 = District Attorney of Kings County |term_start1 = January 1, 1982 |term_end1 = December 31, 1989 |predecessor1 = Eugene Gold |successor1 = Charles J. Hynes |state2 = New York |district2 = {{ushr|NY|16|16th}} |term_start2 = January 3, 1973 |term_end2 = January 3, 1981 |predecessor2 = John Murphy |successor2 = Chuck Schumer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|8|11}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|New York City, New York, U.S.}} |death_date = |death_place = |party = Democratic |education = Harvard University (BA, JD) }} Elizabeth Holtzman (born August 11, 1941) is an American politician and former member of the United States House of Representatives. A Democrat, she represented New York's 16th congressional district for four terms.[1] She was the first woman to hold the office of New York City Comptroller, and the first woman to serve as District Attorney of Kings County. Early lifeShe was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of attorney Sidney Holtzman and college professor Filia (Ravitz) Holtzman. She is of Jewish descent. She is a graduate of Brooklyn's Abraham Lincoln High School, class of 1958. In high school, her twin brother Robert, who became a neurologist, ran for student president and Elizabeth Holtzman ran for vice president; both won.[2] Holtzman graduated from Radcliffe College of Harvard University (magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, 1962),[3] and Harvard Law School (1965).[4][5] At Harvard Law, Holtzman was a member of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), assisted in creating the Law Students' Civil Rights Research Council, taught English at Harvard College, and was a law clerk for civil rights attorney C. B. King.[6] In 1965, Holtzman joined the New York City law firm of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen, and Katz, and she was admitted to the bar in 1966.{{sfn|"Biographical Note, Elizabeth Holtzman"}}[7][8] Holtzman served on the staff of Mayor John V. Lindsay from 1967 to 1970, and worked as a liaison between the Mayor's office and the city Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs.[9] From 1970 to 1972, she was a member of the New York State Democratic Committee and Democratic Committee leader for the New York State Assembly district that included her residence, and she was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention.{{sfn|"Political Newcomers: Elizabeth Holtzman"|page=46}} She was also a founder of the Brooklyn Women's Political Caucus.{{sfn|"Political Newcomers: Elizabeth Holtzman"|page=46}} House of Representatives 1973–1981In the 1972 primary election, Holtzman upset Judiciary Committee chairman Emanuel Celler, the 50-year incumbent and the House's longest serving member at that time. At 31 years old, she was the youngest woman elected to Congress.[10] Holtzman held that record until Elise Stefanik was elected in 2014 at age 30.[11][12][13] Holtzman served on the House Judiciary Committee.[14][15] She was also a member of the House Budget Committee and Chairwoman of the House Immigration Subcommittee. Before the end of the bombings during the Cambodian Campaign on August 15, 1973, Holtzman filed a legal challenge in United States Federal Court in the case of Schlesinger v. Holtzman. She voted against the Case-Church amendment, as she wanted an immediate end to the bombings, and subsequently filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York seeking an order to end them. On July 25, 1973, U.S. District Judge Orrin Grimmell Judd granted summary judgment to Holtzman and issued an injunction ordering the military to refrain from participating in military activities in Cambodia. His order was to become effective on July 27, but on that day a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit unanimously stayed his order. Holtzman then attempted to get the Circuit Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court overseeing the Second Circuit, Justice Thurgood Marshall, to vacate the stay. Marshall refused to do so, issuing an in-chambers opinion. Holtzman then turned to Justice William O. Douglas, who granted Holtzman's motion to vacate the stay on August 4, 1973, and ordered the U.S. military to cease all bombing in Cambodia. The military ignored his order, and six hours later the other eight Justices of the Supreme Court voted unanimously to reverse it. In 1974, Holtzman was one of the Judiciary Committee members who recommended three articles of impeachment against Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal.[16][17] After Nixon resigned as president and was pardoned by his successor, Gerald Ford, the judiciary committee held hearings on the pardon, in which Holtzman asked Ford whether his action had been a quid pro quo. Ford cut her off, declaring, "There was no deal, period, under no circumstances."[18] After the Watergate scandal, Holtzman authored a bill that allowed an independent counsel to be appointed by a Washington, D.C., appeals court if requested by the attorney general. The law, passed in 1978, had a five-year sunset provision and expired in 1999.[19] In 1978, Holtzman secured an extension of the deadline for state legislatures to ratify the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution. (House Joint Resolution No. 638 was approved by the 95th Congress.) Also in 1978, Holtzman helped pass legislation to expel more Nazi war criminals who had immigrated to the United States. It established the U.S. DOJ Office of Special Investigations within the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division to investigate and bring legal action to denaturalize or deport them. The Immigration and Naturalization Service had kept a list of suspects but not pursued them.[20] 1980 Senate candidacy{{Main|United States Senate election in New York, 1980}}Holtzman was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1980. In her party's primary she defeated former Miss America Bess Myerson, former New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay, and Queens D.A. John J. Santucci. Myerson was the initial favorite, with endorsements from Mayor of New York Ed Koch, Governor Hugh Carey and Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.[21] In the general election, Holtzman faced Republican nominee Alfonse D'Amato and incumbent Senator Jacob Javits. After losing to D'Amato in the Republican primary, Javits ran on the Liberal Party ticket. He retained his union endorsements and drew liberal and Jewish voters away from Holtzman.[22] A theme of D'Amato's campaign was that Holtzman had never voted for a Department of Defense appropriation bill in Congress.[21] D'Amato won the election by a margin of 1%, or 81,000 votes, over Holtzman.[23] New York UniversityIn 1981–82 Holtzman taught at New York University Law School and its Graduate School of Public Administration.[8] 1981–1994 Municipal officesIn 1981, Holtzman was elected District Attorney in Kings County (Brooklyn),[24] a post to which she was reelected in 1985. She held the post for seven years,[25] until she became the New York City Comptroller in 1989. She was the first woman to be elected district attorney and comptroller in New York City.[26] She has said that she first considered a race for Mayor of New York[27] in 1989 before deciding to seek the comptroller's post instead. Holtzman viewed the comptroller's post as an extension of her work in Congress and as district attorney.[28] 1992 Senate candidacy{{Main|United States Senate election in New York, 1992}}In 1992, after the Clarence Thomas - Anita Hill controversy, Holtzman sought the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate to challenge D'Amato again.[31] The Democrats seeking the nomination (Holtzman, former Representative and 1984 vice presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams, Representative Robert J. Mrazek and Rev. Al Sharpton) split the feminists. Emily's List endorsed Ferraro, and raised money for her. Much of the leadership of National Organization for Women was in Holtzman's camp. Former Democratic Party National Organizer Anne F. Lewis suggested women split their campaign donations between the two women. Betty Friedan endorsed Holtzman.[29] In rancorous debates, Abrams and Holtzman exploited Ferraro's tax problems, and the legal problems of her husband, John Zaccaro, and her son, even suggesting a Mafia connection to the family.[30] Holtzman was vulnerable for an August loan to her campaign from Fleet Bank. In August 1992 she borrowed $450,000 to pay for television ads against Ferraro.[34] These charges came back to haunt her in her unsuccessful 1993 bid for a second term as Comptroller, though she was later cleared of all charges. Democrats blamed her for the expensive and brutal Senate primary that left nominee Abrams too weakened to defeat vulnerable incumbent D'Amato.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Holtzman finished with 13%, last behind Abrams, Ferraro, and Sharpton.[31] Holtzman did not endorse Abrams.[32] D'Amato, the Republican incumbent, won reelection in November, 49% to 48%.[33] 1993 reelection campaignIn Holtzman's 1993 campaign for city comptroller, she faced Assemblyman Alan Hevesi and former Congressman Herman Badillo in the Democratic primary. Badillo was also the Republican nominee for comptroller on a fusion ticket with mayoral nominee Rudolph Giuliani.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} Ferraro, upset over Holtzman's ethics accusation from the 1992 Senate primary, encouraged Hevesi to oppose Holtzman. (Hevesi and Ferraro later became estranged.){{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Service Employees International Union Local 1199 (a politically powerful health care union led by Jennifer Cunningham), endorsed Hevesi. While initial polls showed Holtzman far ahead, Hevesi and Badillo made the Fleet Bank loan from the Senate race an issue during the NY1 debate, reducing Holtzman's support. In March 1993 her office included a Fleet entity on a list of recommended underwriters for the city's municipal bond sales. Her campaign still owed Fleet $255,000 from the 1992 campaign and had missed two payment deadlines.[34] In the primary, Holtzman finished second to Hevesi; a runoff election ensued,[35] which Hevesi won, 67% – 33%.[32] He then defeated Badillo in the general election.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} After elective officeHoltzman's last term in elective office ended in 1994. She was then an attorney in private practice in New York City, and became co-chairperson of the Government Relations Group at Herrick Feinstein LLP in New York City, in addition to authoring books and articles on politics.[36] She published a memoir in 1996, Who Said It Would Be Easy?: One Woman's Life in the Political Arena (with Cynthia L. Cooper). She testified against the impeachment of President Clinton before the House Judiciary Committee in 1998, arguing that Clinton's alleged crimes did not come close to what Nixon was accused of.[37] Holtzman was a public member of the long-running Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group (IWG), a commission established by a 1998 act of Congress to locate, identify, inventory, and recommend for declassification, currently classified U.S. records relating to Nazi and Imperial Japanese war crimes. Along with other public members, she had some sharp and public disagreements with the Central Intelligence Agency's interpretation of the law.[38] On September 28, 2007, the Archivist of the United States presented to Congress, the Administration, and the American people the IWG's final report.[39] On January 11, 2006, The Nation published her essay calling for the impeachment of U.S. President George W. Bush for authorizing "the wiretapping of hundreds, possibly thousands, of Americans, in violation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act."[40] She expanded on her arguments for impeaching Bush in a 2006 book coauthored with Cynthia L. Cooper, The impeachment of George W. Bush: a practical guide for concerned citizens.[40] In June 2008, Holtzman published a commentary on the action of U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio) in introducing articles of impeachment against Bush on June 9, 2008.[41] Holtzman considered a bid for New York State Attorney General in 2010, but announced on May 25 that she had decided not to run.[42] Holtzman was mentioned as a frontrunner for the special election to fill the congressional seat left vacant by the resignation of Anthony Weiner, but did not run.[43] She is a member of the Board of the American Friends of Yahad-In Unum.[44] Holtzman served as a member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council[45] but resigned on July 18, 2018, over decisions to separate migrant children from their families.[46] In a letter to DHS Director Kirstjen Nielsen, Holtzman wrote, "DHS has been transformed into an agency that is making war on immigrants and refugees. I do think it's important for the American people to see that not everybody connected with the government is a brute, is a lawbreaker, and that actually some of us do have a measure of conscience."[47] Books
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Holtzman, Elizabeth|url=http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/15213#biography|publisher=US House of Representatives|accessdate=1 September 2016}} 2. ^Hechinger, Fred M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1980/01/01/archives/about-education-personal-touch-helps-about-education-personal-touch.html "About Education — Personal Touch Helps"], The New York Times, January 1, 1980. Accessed September 20, 2009. "Lincoln, an ordinary, unselective New York City high school, is proud of a galaxy of prominent alumni, who include the playwright Arthur Miller, Representative Elizabeth Holtzman, the authors Joseph Heller and Ken Auletta, the producer Mel Brooks, the singer Neil Diamond and the songwriter Neil Sedaka." 3. ^{{cite news |last=Stanley |first=Alessandra |date=June 7, 1992 |title=The Way it was at Radcliffe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/07/nyregion/the-way-it-was-at-radcliffe.html |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Foerstel |first=Karen |date=1999 |title=Biographical Dictionary of Congressional Women |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=A2CmFiw72okC&pg=PA123 |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=123 |isbn=978-0-313-30290-9}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/15213 |title=Biography, Elizabeth Holtzman |website=History, Art & Archives |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives |location=Washington, DC |access-date=July 11, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00629 |title=Biographical Note, Elizabeth Holtzman |website=Papers of Elizabeth Holtzman, 1945-1981 |publisher=Harvard University Library |location=Cambridge, MA |access-date=July 11, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Biographical Note, Elizabeth Holtzman"}}}} 7. ^Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2008. Fee. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008.Document Number: H1000123506 Source: Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2002. Entry Updated : 11/21/2002 Retrieved 2008-10-16 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000752|title=Holtzman, Elizabeth – Biographical Information|accessdate=2008-10-16|author=|last=|first=|authorlink=|format=|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|publisher=United States Congress|pages=|language=|doi=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990930040844/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000752|archivedate=1999-09-30|dead-url=yes|quote=|df=}} 9. ^{{cite news |date=June 22, 1972 |title=Political Newcomers: Elizabeth Holtzman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/22/archives/elizabeth-holtzman.html |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY |page=46 |ref={{sfnRef|"Political Newcomers: Elizabeth Holtzman"}}}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Holtzman|first1=Elizabeth|title=Not a Job for a Woman|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/2016-hillary-clinton-woman-women-politics-feminist-feminism-history-sexism-leadership-214000|publisher=Politico|accessdate=4 July 2016|date=29 June 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/elise-stefanik-youngest-woman-elected-congress/story?id=26694806|title=Elise Stefanik, the Youngest Woman Ever Elected to Congress - ABC News|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|accessdate=November 6, 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Hotzman|first1=Elizabeth|title=Not a Job for a Woman|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/2016-hillary-clinton-woman-women-politics-feminist-feminism-history-sexism-leadership-214000|publisher=Politico Magazine|accessdate=1 September 2016|date=29 June 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Iyengar|first1=Rishi|title=Elise Stefanik Becomes the Youngest Woman Ever Elected to Congress|url=http://time.com/3558029/elise-stefanik-youngest-woman-congress-new-york-21st/|publisher=Time|accessdate=1 September 2016|date=5 November 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elizabeth-holtzman|title=Elizabeth Holtzman|accessdate=2008-10-16|author=|last=Holtzman|first=Elizabeth|authorlink= |format=|work=The Huffington Post |publisher= |pages= |language= |doi= |quote= }} (blogger autobiography) 15. ^{{cite book|last=Amer |first=Mildred L.|authorlink= |editor= |others=|title=Women in the United States Congress: 1917–2008 |origyear= |url=http://156.33.195.33/reference/resources/pdf/RL30261.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=2008-10-16|edition= |series= |date=2008-07-23|publisher=Congressional Research Service|location=Washington, D.C.|language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }} 16. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elizabeth-holtzman | work=Huffington Post | first=Elizabeth | last=Holtzman | title=Elizabeth Holtzman}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=The Fateful Vote to Impeach|url=http://time.com/3079519/the-fateful-vote-to-impeach/|publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=24 August 2017|date=4 August 1974}} 18. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/29/washington/29pardon.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 | newspaper=The New York Times | first=Scott | last=Shane | title=For Ford, Pardon Decision Was Always Clear-Cut | date=2006-12-29}} 19. ^{{cite news|last1=Helsel|first1=Phil|title='Special Counsel' less independent now than under expired Watergate-era law|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/special-counsel-less-independent-under-expired-watergate-era-law-n761311|accessdate=May 21, 2017|publisher=NBC News|date=May 17, 2017|language=en}} 20. ^{{cite news |first=David |last=Ashenfelter | title=Holocaust Justice Hits a Wall: Exile or Mercy For Old Nazi Guards? |url=http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/2006December/contents_articles_Hitler1.htm |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |page= |date=2006-12-06 |accessdate=2008-10-16 |quote=She persuaded Congress to pass legislation in 1978 to denaturalize and deport participants in wartime persecution. The Office of Special Investigations was created the next year. Since then, OSI lawyers have investigated 1,700 suspected Nazi persecutors, stripped 84 of their citizenship and deported 63. The office has 50 open Nazi-era investigations and 15 cases in litigation. It has lost only nine cases. |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080731084111/http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/2006December/contents_articles_Hitler1.htm |archivedate = 2008-07-31 }} (Reproduced by Adelaide Institute) 21. ^1 {{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author= |title=The Senate: A Thoroughbred Stumbles |url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,952733,00.html |magazine=Time |page= |date=1980-09-22 |accessdate=2008-10-16 }} 22. ^{{cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Holtzman |authorlink=Elizabeth Holtzman |title=Holtzman, Ehrenreich on Nader and Women's Rights |url=http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/329/context/archive |work=Women's eNews |date=2000-11-06 |accessdate=2008-10-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811010752/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/329/context/archive |archivedate=2009-08-11 }} 23. ^{{cite news |first=James C. |last=McKinley Jr. |authorlink=James C. McKinley, Jr. |author= |title=It's Official: Holtzman Seeks Senate |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFD61339F934A35751C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=The New York Times |page= |date=1992-02-07 |accessdate=2008-10-16 |quote=Democratic Party insiders complain that she is icy and unfriendly. Even her allies admit that she can sometimes be brusque. }} 24. ^{{cite web|last1=Perlez|first1=Jane|title=Miss Holtzman Beats Rosen in Brookln's D.A. Primary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/23/nyregion/miss-holtzman-beats-rosen-in-brooklyn-s-da-primary.html|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=23 September 1981}} 25. ^{{cite web|last1=Raab|first1=Selwyn|last2=Hevesi|first2=Dennis|title=Holtzman's 6 Years: Innovations and Antagonism|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/05/nyregion/holtzman-s-6-years-innovations-and-antagonism.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=5 January 1988}} 26. ^{{cite web|last1=Gladwell|first1=Malcolm|title=Comptroller Holtzman Facing Runoff on Slippery N.Y. Turf|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/09/19/comptroller-holtzman-facing-runoff-on-slippery-ny-turf/94edf14a-a1d9-4b6b-ab19-807c8a5f31b5/|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=19 September 1993}} 27. ^{{cite web|last1=Klein|first1=Joe|title=Koch Agonistes: The Mayor and the Big Questions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=elizabeth+holtzman+considers+race+for+mayor&source=bl&ots=9oYKWXcQ5K&sig=6X9rZhMVlL1UgOxPWl6Ec_YmH18&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjnifrl3dvNAhUFWxQKHY3sD_0Q6AEIPTAI#v=onepage&q=elizabeth%20holtzman%20considers%20race%20for%20mayor&f=false|magazine=New York Magazine|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=13 July 1987}} 28. ^{{cite web|last1=Lubasch|first1=Arnold H.|title=2 New York City Races Seem Virtually Decided|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/05/nyregion/2-new-york-city-races-seem-virtually-decided.html|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=5 November 1989}} 29. ^{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Specter |authorlink=Michael Specter |title= Feminists Painfully Watching Holtzman and Ferraro Battle |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1DF1E31F937A25750C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=The New York Times |page= |date=1992-03-14 |accessdate=2008-10-16 }} 30. ^{{cite news |first=Sam Howe |last=Verhovek |title=Senate Rivals Assail Ferraro Over Ethics |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE4D6173CF933A1575BC0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=The New York Times|page= |date=1992-08-20 |accessdate=2008-10-16 }} 31. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE6DC1E31F935A2575AC0A964958260 | title=Abrams, In Tight Senate Vote, Appears to Edge Out Ferraro | author=Purdum, Todd S. | newspaper=The New York Times | date=1992-09-16 |accessdate=2008-10-16 | authorlink=Todd Purdum}} 32. ^1 {{cite book |last=Rothbard |first=Murray N. |authorlink=Murray N. Rothbard |editor=Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. |others= |title=The Irrepressible Rothbard |origyear= |url= |format= |accessdate=2008-10-16 |edition= |series= |publisher= |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=The Bringing Down of Liz Holtzman |chapterurl=http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch12.html |quote=So Gerry Ferraro was not allowed to have her comeback. Defeat was snatched from the jaws of victory, as Holtzman's savage attacks reopened old wounds, and Bob Abrams, who had mildly seconded the attacks on Ferraro, squeezed into victory. But oddly enough, Holtzman herself only succeeded in self-destructing.}} 33. ^{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Roberts |authorlink=Sam Roberts |author= |title= The 1992 Elections: New York State — The Winners Day — Victorious, D'Amato Reconsiders Vow Not to Run Again |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5DC1630F936A35752C1A964958260&scp=30&sq=d%27amato%20abrams&st=cse |newspaper=The New York Times |page= |date=1992-11-05 |accessdate=2008-10-16 }} 34. ^1 {{cite news |first=James C. |last=McKinley Jr. |authorlink=James C. McKinley, Jr. |author= |title= Bank Named to Bond Sale After Loan to Holtzman Campaign |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DF173DF930A15757C0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=The New York Times |page= |date=1993-04-23 |accessdate=2008-10-16 }} 35. ^{{cite news| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0DF1130F936A2575AC0A965958260&sec=&spon=&&scp=4&sq=1993%20New%20York%20City%20Democratic%20Primary%20for%20Comptroller&st=cse | newspaper=The New York Times | title=The 1993 Primary: The Overview — Hevesi Outpolls Holtzman, Forcing a Runoff Vote | first=Alison | last=Mitchell | date=1993-09-15 | accessdate=2010-05-01}} 36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.herrick.com/hon-elizabeth-holtzman/ |title=Biography, Elizabeth Holtzman |date=2018 |website=Herrick.com |publisher=Herrick Feinstein LLP |location=New York, NY |access-date=June 19, 2018}} 37. ^Lardner, George, Jr. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/watergate120998.htm White House Strategy: It's Bad, but It's Not Watergate]. The Washington Post. 1998-12-09. Retrieved 2015-03-08. 38. ^{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Jehl |title=C.I.A. Said to Rebuff Congress on Nazi Files |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/30/international/europe/30nazis.html?ei=5090&en=e5172e77216252fb&ex=1264827600&adxnnl=1&partner=rssuserland&adxnnlx=1213218340-6yjArJBsHPU4vP7EUSenIQ |newspaper=The New York Times |page= |date=2005-01-30 |accessdate=2008-10-16 |quote=The agency's stance poses a sharp test between the C.I.A.'s deep institutional reluctance to make public details about any intelligence operations and the broad mandate set forth in the law to lift the veil about relationships between the United States government and Nazi war criminals. }} 39. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2007/nr07-143.html |title=IWG Presents Final Report to Congress on the Largest Single-Subject Declassification Effort in U.S. History |accessdate=2008-10-16 |date=2007-09-28 |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration }} 40. ^1 {{cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Holtzman |title=The Impeachment of George W. Bush |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060130/holtzman |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150820163456/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060130/holtzman |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2015-08-20 |work=The Nation |date=2006-01-11 |accessdate=2008-10-16 |df= }} 41. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elizabeth-holtzman/an-analysis-of-kucinichs_b_106652.html |title=An Analysis of Kucinich's Impeachment Case Against Bush |accessdate=2008-10-16 |last=Holtzman |first=Elizabeth |date=2008-06-11 |work=The Huffington Post |quote=...President Bush abused his office by deceiving Congress and the American people into the Iraq war. }} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.brooklyneagle.com/categories/category.php?category_id=4&id=35635 |title=Former B'klyn D.A. Will Not Run for A.G. |accessdate=2010-05-27 |author=Thompson, Ryan |newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle}} 43. ^Bragg, Chris. Liz Holtzman Emerges As A Top Contender for Weiner Seat {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704234319/http://www.cityhallnews.com/2011/07/liz-holtzman-emerges-as-a-top-contender-for-weiner-seat/ |date=2011-07-04 }}. City Hall News. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yahadinunum.org/american-friends-of-yahad-in-unum/|title=American Friends of Yahad-In Unum - Yahad-In Unum|publisher= Yahad-In Unum|accessdate=May 21, 2017}} 45. ^{{cite web|title=Homeland Security Adnisory Council Members|author=|url=https://www.dhs.gov/homeland-security-advisory-council-members|format=|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|date=|accessdate=4 July 2017}} 46. ^{{cite news |last1=Clare |first1=Foran |last2=Tal |first2=Kopan |title=Homeland Security Advisory Council members resign over 'morally repugnant' immigration policy |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/18/politics/immigration-family-separations-dhs-council-resignations/index.html |accessdate=24 July 2018 |publisher=www.cnn.com}} 47. ^{{cite news |last1=Nakamura |first1=David |title=Homeland Security advisory council members resign over immigration policies |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-homeland-security-advisory-council-resigns-20180717-story.html |accessdate=24 July 2018 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=17 July 2018}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/case-impeaching-trump |title=Reviewed by Tara Sonenshine in New York Journal of Books |date=2018-10-07 |accessdate=2018-12-12}} External links
Further reading{{CongBio|H000752}}
|author2=Cynthia L. Cooper |editor= |others= |title=Who said it would be easy? : one woman's life in the political arena |origyear= |url=http://lccn.loc.gov/96001622 |format= |accessdate=2008-10-16 |edition= |series= |year=1996 |publisher=Arcade Publishing |location=New York |language= |isbn=1-55970-302-4 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }}
|editor= |others= |title=The impeachment of George W. Bush : a handbook for concerned citizens / . |origyear= |url=http://lccn.loc.gov/2007274058 |format= |accessdate=2008-10-16 |edition= |series= |year=2006 |publisher=Nation Books |location=New York |language= |isbn=978-1-56025-940-4 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }}
|editor= |others=Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group |title=Final Report to the United States Congress |origyear= |url=https://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/final-report-2007.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-16 |edition= |series= |date= April 2007 |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |language= |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }}{{s-start}}{{s-par|us-hs}}{{s-bef|before=John Murphy}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 4th congressional district|years=1973–1981}}{{s-aft|after=Chuck Schumer}} |-{{s-new|office}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Congressional Women's Caucus|years=1977–1979}}{{s-aft|after=Pat Schroeder}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Ramsey Clark}}{{s-ttl|title=Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from New York (Class 3)|years=1980}}{{s-aft|after=Mark Green}} |-{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before=Eugene Gold}}{{s-ttl|title=District Attorney of Kings County|years=1982–1989}}{{s-aft|after=Charles Hynes}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Harrison Goldin}}{{s-ttl|title=Comptroller of New York City|years=1990–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Alan Hevesi}}{{s-end}}{{New York City Comptroller}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Holtzman, Elizabeth}} 24 : 1941 births|20th-century American lawyers|20th-century American politicians|20th-century American women politicians|21st-century American lawyers|Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni|Jewish American attorneys|American women lawyers|American women writers|Politicians from Brooklyn|County district attorneys in New York (state)|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Female members of the United States House of Representatives|Harvard Law School alumni|Jewish American politicians|Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives|Kings County District Attorneys|Living people|Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)|New York City Comptrollers|New York (state) Democrats|New York (state) lawyers|Radcliffe College alumni|Women in New York (state) politics |
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