“El Paso County, Colorado”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

El Paso County is one of the 64 counties of the U.S. state of Colorado. The [https://www.webcitation.org/603fF4cjo?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08/08041.html 2017 census estimate] recorded an approximate population of 699,232 for El Paso County.^[1] The Census Bureau's 2017 estimate indicates it is the second-most populous county in Colorado, after the City and County of Denver. The county seat is Colorado Springs,^[2] the second most populous city in Colorado.

El Paso County is included in the Colorado Springs, Colorado, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

El Paso County is located in Colorado's 5th congressional district. Since its creation in 1871, El Paso County has typically voted for the Republican presidential candidate in presidential elections; the last Democratic nominee to win the county was Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. The Democratic Party won El Paso County four additional times prior, and the Populist Party won in 1892, with General James B. Weaver.

In 2004, the voters of Colorado Springs and El Paso County established the Pikes Peak Rural Transportation Authority (PPRTA) and adopted a 1% sales tax dedicated to improving the region's transportation infrastructure. Together with state funding for COSMIX (2007 completion) and the I-25 interchange with Highway 16 (2008 completion), significant progress has been made since 2003 in addressing the transportation needs of the area. In 2010 and 2014, the county voted to legalize marijuana.^[3]

History

In July 1858, gold was discovered along the South Platte River in Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory. This discovery precipitated the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Many residents of the mining region felt disconnected from the remote territorial governments of Kansas and Nebraska, so they voted to form their own Territory of Jefferson on October 24, 1859. The following month, the Jefferson Territorial Legislature organized 12 counties for the new territory including El Paso County. El Paso County was named for the Spanish language name for Ute Pass north of Pikes Peak. Colorado City served as the county seat of El Paso County.

The Jefferson Territory never received federal sanction, but on February 28, 1861, U.S. President James Buchanan signed an act organizing the Territory of Colorado.^[4] El Paso County was one of the original 17 counties created by the Colorado legislature on November 1, 1861. Part of its western territory was broken off to create Teller County in 1899. Originally based in Old Colorado City (now part of Colorado Springs, not today's Colorado City between Pueblo and Walsenburg), El Paso County's county seat was moved to Colorado Springs in 1873.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|2130|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|2127|sqmi}} are land and {{convert|2.7|sqmi}} (0.1%) are covered by water.^[5]

Adjacent counties

Major highways

National protected area

State protected area

Historic sites

Trails

Demographics

As of the census^[11] of 2000, 516,929 people, 192,409 households, and 133,916 families resided in the county. The population density was 243 people per square mile (94/km²). The 202,428 housing units at averaged 95 per square mile (37/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 81.19% White, 6.51% Black or African American, 0.91% Native American, 2.53% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 4.70% from other races, and 3.91% from two or more races. About 11.30% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 192,409 households, 36.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were not families. Around 23.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the county, the population was distributed as 27.60% under the age of 18, 10.50% from 18 to 24, 32.50% from 25 to 44, 20.70% from 45 to 64, and 8.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 100.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.80 males.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Government

El Paso County is governed by a board of county commissioners. Its current members are Darryl Glenn in district 1, Mark Waller in district 2, Stan VanderWerf in district 3, Longinos Gonzales Jr in district 4, and Peggy Littleton in district 5.

The Colorado Department of Corrections has its headquarters in an unincorporated area in the county.^[12]^[13]

Top employers

According to the city's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[14] the top employers in the city are:

Politics

El Paso is a strongly Republican county and the most populous reliably Republican county in Colorado. It has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1920 except for the Democratic landslides of 1936 and 1964.

Military installations

El Paso County is home to both Army and Air Force bases. These military installations border the city, to the north, south, and east, aside from Schriever Air Force Base, which is located about 10 miles east of Peterson AFB.^[16]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=October 2017}}

Fort Carson

Fort Carson, "The Mountain Post", is located just south of Colorado Springs at the base of the Rocky Mountains. It was established in 1942, following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. The city of Colorado Springs purchased land south of the city and donated it to the War Department. Construction began immediately and the first building, the camp headquarters, was completed January 31, 1942. Camp Carson was named in honor of the legendary Army scout, Gen. Christopher "Kit" Carson, who explored much of the West in the 1800s. Camp Carson became Fort Carson in 1954. An additional training area was purchased in September 1983 and is called Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS).

Currently, Fort Carson is the home of 4th Infantry Division and several other units, including 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), the Colorado National Guard Regional Training Institute and PCMS, which is a maneuver training site for Fort Carson located near Trinidad, Colorado. The installation totals about 137,000 acres and PCMS is roughly 236,000 acres. Fort Carson has around 3,000 family housing units and 66 soldier barracks with 8,132 rooms. Services on the installation include four elementary schools, one middle school, a commissary, an exchange, and Evans Army Community Hospital, as well as Army Community Service facilities to include child development centers and youth centers and family morale, welfare, and recreation facilities to include a bowling alley, golf course, and numerous parks.

Fort Carson's economic impact on Colorado Springs and the surrounding communities was approximately $2.3 billion during fiscal year 2014. Fort Carson has about 24,300 soldiers on the installation, with 44,700 family members. The installation also has around 8,000 veterans and 3,300 civilians.^[17]

Peterson Air Force Base

The Air Force has critical aspects of their service based at Colorado Springs, which carry on missile defense operations and development. The Air Force bases a large section of its national missile defense operations here, with Peterson Air Force Base set to operate large sections of the program. Peterson AFB is currently the headquarters of the majority of the Air Force Space Command and the operations-half of Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Strategic Command.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Peterson is also headquarters for the United States Northern Command, one of the Unified Combatant Commands, which directs all branches of the U.S. military operations in their area of responsibility, which includes the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, and Mexico. In the event of national emergencies, the President or Secretary of Defense can call upon the command for any required military assistance. Service members from every branch of the US military are stationed at the command.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB)

Schriever Air Force Base is home to the 50th Space Wing, responsible for the operation and support of 175 Department of Defense satellites and installation support to 16 major tenant units, with a workforce of more than 7,700 personnel.^[18] It is the location of the Global Positioning System (GPS) master control station and GPS Operations Center^[19] and the US Naval Observatory Alternate Master Clock,^[20] used to synchronize GPS satellite time. Schriever is also developing parts of national missile defense and runs parts of the annual wargames used by the nation's military.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} The base indirectly contributes an estimated $1 billion to the local Colorado Springs, CO area annually.^[21]

United States Air Force Academy

Bordering the northwestern side of the city are the grounds of the United States Air Force Academy, where cadets train to become officers in the Air Force. The campus is famous for its unique chapel, and draws visitors year round. Most of the Air Force Academy's sports programs participate in the Mountain West Conference.^[22]

NORAD and Cheyenne Mountain Air Station

The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), a component of America's missile defense system, is located in Cheyenne Mountain Air Station. When it was built at the height of the Cold War, NORAD caused some anxiety for the residents in and around Colorado Springs, who believed the installation would be a primary target during a nuclear attack. Although NORAD still operates today, it is primarily given the task of the tracking of ICBMs, and the military has recently decided to place Cheyenne Mountain's NORAD/NORTHCOM operations on warm standby and move operations to nearby Peterson Air Force Base.^[23]

See also

Notes

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|title = State & County QuickFacts|url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08/08041.html|publisher = United States Census Bureau|accessdate = October 22, 2015|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/603fF4cjo?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08/08041.html|archivedate = July 9, 2011|df = mdy-all}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6962cjXgL?url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=July 12, 2012 |df=mdy }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westword.com/news/marijuana-amendment-64-passes-in-el-paso-county-by-fewer-than-a-dozen-votes-5837995|title=Marijuana: Amendment 64 passes in El Paso County by fewer than a dozen votes|first=William|last=Breathes|date=November 23, 2012|website=westword.com|accessdate=March 16, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/territory.pdf|title=An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Colorado|format=PDF|publisher=Thirty-sixth United States Congress|date=February 28, 1861|accessdate=November 26, 2007}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|title=American FactFinder|accessdate=March 23, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 7, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=mdy}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=June 7, 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/co190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 7, 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 7, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=May 14, 2011 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=September 11, 2013 |df=mdy }}
12. ^"Contacts." Colorado Department of Corrections. Retrieved on December 7, 2009.
13. ^"Council District Map." City of Colorado Springs. Retrieved on December 7, 2009.
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://coloradosprings.gov/sites/default/files/finance/Accounting/cafrs/final_2014_cafr_updated.pdf |title=City of Colorado Springs CAFR |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=March 28, 2016}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=May 26, 2017}}
16. ^Schriever Air Force Base
17. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.carson.army.mil/|title = Fort Carson|date = |access-date = Feb 23, 2016|website = Fort Carson|publisher = |last = |first = }}
18. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3909|title = Schriever Air Force Base 50th Space Wing|date = Schriever Air Force Base|access-date = February 16, 2016|website = Schriever Air Force Base|publisher = |last = |first = |deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021230726/http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3909|archivedate = October 21, 2013|df = mdy-all}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://gps.afspc.af.mil/ |title=GPS Operations Center |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Air Force Space Command |accessdate=September 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823043303/http://gps.afspc.af.mil/ |archivedate=August 23, 2006 |df=mdy }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afspc.af.mil/news/story_media.asp?storyID=123021871 |title=23:59:60...Atomic clock takes quantum leap |author=Staff Sgt. Don Branum |date=June 15, 2006 |work= |publisher=Air Force Space Command |accessdate=September 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930070013/http://www.afspc.af.mil/news/story_media.asp?storyID=123021871 |archivedate=September 30, 2011 |df=mdy }}
21. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908|title = Schriever Air Force Base|date = |access-date = February 16, 2016|website = Schriever Air Force Base|publisher = |last = |first = |deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193529/http://www.schriever.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3908|archivedate = March 3, 2016|df = mdy-all}}
22. ^themwc.com
23. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.denverpost.com/nationworld/ci_4103478 |title = Military to put Cheyenne Mountain on standby – The Denver Post |publisher = The Denver Post |date = July 27, 2006|accessdate = October 5, 2009 |first = Bruce |last = Finley}}