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词条 Emperor Go-Sanjō
释义

  1. Traditional narrative

  2. Events of Go-Sanjō's life

     Kugyō 

  3. Eras of Go-Sanjō's reign

  4. Consorts

  5. Ancestry

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. See also

{{Infobox Monarch
| name = Go-Sanjō
| succession = Emperor of Japan
| image = Emperor Gosanjō.jpg
| caption =
| reign = May 22, 1068 – January 18, 1073
| coronation =
| predecessor = Go-Reizei
| successor = Shirakawa
| spouse = {{plainlist|
  • Princess Kaoruko
  • Fujiwara no Shigeko}}

| issue = {{plainlist|
  • Princess Toshiko
  • Emperor Shirakawa
  • Princess Toshiko
  • Princess Kako
  • Princess Tokushi
  • Prince Sanehito
  • Prince Sukehito}}

| royal house = Yamato
| father = Emperor Go-Suzaku
| mother = Princess Teishi
| birth_date = September 3, 1032
| birth_place =
| death_date = June 15, 1073
| death_place =
| burial_place = Yensō-ji no misasagi (Kyoto)
|}}{{nihongo|Emperor Go-Sanjō|後三条天皇|Go-Sanjō-tennō|September 3, 1032 – June 15, 1073}} was the 71st emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]

Go-Sanjō's reign spanned the years from 1068 through 1073.[3]

This 11th century sovereign was named after Emperor Sanjō and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Sanjō", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Sanjō, the second" or as "Sanjo II."

Traditional narrative

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)[4] was Takahito-shinnō (尊仁親王).[5]

Takahito-shinnō was the second son of Emperor Go-Suzaku. His mother was Empress (kōgō) Sadako (禎子内親王), the third daughter of Emperor Sanjō, making him the first Emperor in 170 years (since Emperor Uda) whose mother was not of Fujiwara descent paternally. His father and mother were grandchildren of Fujiwara no Michinaga maternally. The Empress mother of the future Emperor Go-Sanjō was also known as Tishi, and a Yōmei-mon In (1012–94).[6]

Events of Go-Sanjō's life

Because Prince Takahito was not of Fujiwara descent, the Kampaku, Fujiwara no Yorimichi neglected him, but Emperor Go-Suzaku decreed that upon his elder brother Chikahito's enthronement (as Emperor Go-Reizei), that Takahito would become the heir (kōtaitei). As Go-Reizei had no children of his own, upon his death, Takahito became emperor.

  • May 22, 1068 (Jiryaku 4, 19th day of the 4th month): In the 4th year of Emperor Go-Reizei's reign (後冷泉天皇四年), he died at age 44; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger half-brother. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Sanjo is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[7]

Yorimichi's younger brother Norimichi became kampaku, but Go-Sanjō was determined to rule personally.

  • 1069 (Enkyū 1): Go-Sanjō issued the Enkyū Shōen Regulation Decree (Enkyū is the name of the era in which the decree was issued); and the emperor called for the establishment of a government office to certify Shōen records.
  • 1070 (Enkyū 2): Go-Sanjō ordered a preliminary system of laws and a bureaucracy for regulating silk.
  • 1072 (Enkyū 4): As the Ritsuryō system of centralized authority had largely failed by this time, Go-Sanjō became interested in strengthening the finances of the Imperial Household.
  • January 18, 1073 (Enkyū 4, 8th day of the 12th month): In the 6th year of Emperor Go-Sanjō's reign (桓武天皇六年), the emperor abdicated in favor of his son, and the succession (senso) was received by his son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Shirakawa is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[8]

    • May 11, 1073 (Enkyū 5, 21st day of the 4th month): Go-Sanjō entered the Buddhist priesthood; and his new priestly name became Kongō-gyō.[9]
    • June 15, 1073 (Enkyū 5, 7th day of the 5th month): The former-Emperor Go-Sanjō died at the age of 40.[9]

    Go-Sanjō is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji in Kyoto.[10]

    The actual site of Go-Sanjō's grave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.

    The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Go-Sanjō's mausoleum. It is formally named Yensō-ji no misasagi.[11]

    The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Sanjō is today named Shu-zan. The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Sanjō died.[12]

    These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[12]

    Kugyō

    {{nihongo|Kugyō|公卿}} is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

    In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Sanjō's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

    • Kampaku, Fujiwara Norimichi (997–1075).[6]
    • Daijō-daijin, Fujiwara Norimichi.[6]
    • Sadaijin, Fujiwara Morozone, 1042–1101.[6]
    • Udaijin
    • Naidaijin
    • Dainagon

    Eras of Go-Sanjō's reign

    The years of Go-Sanjō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[13]

    • Jiryaku (1065–1069)
    • Enkyū (1069–1074)

    Consorts

    Go-Sanjō had three consorts.[9]

    Empress (chugō): Imperial Princess Kaoruko (馨子内親王) later Saiin-no Kogo (西院皇后), [14] Emperor Go-Ichijō‘s daughter

    Consort: Fujiwara Shigeko (藤原茂子; d.1062), Fujiwara Kinnari‘s daughter and Fujiwara Yoshinobu‘s adopted daughter

    • First Daughter: Imperial Princess Satoko (聡子内親王; 1050-1131)
    • First son: Imperial Prince Sadahito (貞仁親王) later Emperor Shirakawa
    • Second Daughter: Imperial Princess Toshiko (俊子内親王; 1056-1132)
    • Third Daughter: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (佳子内親王; 1057-1130)
    • Fourth Daughter: Imperial Princess Tokushi (篤子内親王; 1060–1114) married Emperor Horikawa

    Consort: Minamoto Motoko (源基子; 1047-1134), Minamoto Motohira‘s daughter

    • Second son: Imperial Prince Sanehito (実仁親王; 1071-1085)
    • Third son: Imperial Prince Sukehito (輔仁親王; 1073-1119)

    Consort: Fujiwara Akiko (藤原昭子), Fujiwara Yorimune’s daughter

    Lady-in-waiting: Taira Chikako (平親子), Taira Tsunakuni’s daughter

    • Son: Fujiwara Arisuke (藤原有佐; d.1131), adopted by Fujiwara no Akitsuna

    Ancestry

    [15]{{ahnentafel
    |collapsed=yes |align=center
    |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
    |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
    |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
    |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
    |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
    |1= 1. Emperor Go-Sanjō
    |2= 2. Emperor Go-Suzaku (1009-1045)
    |3= 3. Princess Teishi (1013-1094)
    |4= 4. Emperor Ichijō (980-1011)
    |5= 5. Empress Shōshi (988-1074)
    |6= 6. Emperor Sanjō (976-1017)
    |7= 7. Fujiwara no Kenshi (994-1027)
    |8= 8. Emperor En'yū (959-991)
    |9= 9. Fujiwara no Senshi (962-1002)
    |10=10. Fujiwara no Michinaga (966-1028)
    |11=11.Minamoto no Rinshi (964-1053)
    |12=12. Emperor Reizei (950-1011)
    |13=13. Fujiwara no Chōshi (954-982)
    |14=14. Fujiwara no Michinaga (966-1028)
    |15=15. Minamoto no Rinshi (964-1053)
    |16=16. Emperor Murakami (926-967)
    |17=17. Fujiwara no Anshi (927-964)
    |18=18. Fujiwara no Kaneie (929-990)
    |19=19. Fujiwara no Tokihime (d. 980)
    |20=20. Fujiwara no Kaneie (929-990)
    |21=21. Fujiwara no Tokihime (d. 980)
    |22=22. Minamoto no Masanobu (920-993)
    |23=23. Fujiwara no Bokushi (931-1016)
    |24=24. Emperor Murakami (926-967)
    |25=25. Fujiwara no Anshi (927-964)
    |26=26. Fujiwara no Kaneie (929-990)
    |27=27. Fujiwara no Tokihime (d. 980)
    |28=
    |29=
    |30=
    |31=
    }}

    Notes

    1. ^1 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 陽成天皇 (71)
    2. ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 76.
    3. ^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 166–168; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 314–315; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 198-199.
    4. ^Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
    5. ^Titsingh, p. 166; Brown, p. 314; Varley, p. 198.
    6. ^1 2 3 Brown, p. 314.
    7. ^Titsingh, p. 166; Brown, p. 313; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
    8. ^Titsingh, p. 169; Brown, p. 314; Varley, p. 44.
    9. ^1 2 Brown, p. 315.
    10. ^The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places of Uda, Kazan, Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizei, Go-Sanjō, and Horikawa.
    11. ^Ponsonby-Fane, p. 421.
    12. ^1 Moscher, G. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide, pp. 277–278
    13. ^Titsingh, p. 165-168; Brown, p. 313-315.
    14. ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1915). The Imperial Family of Japan, p. x.
    15. ^{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp071|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|access-date=26 May 2018}} {{Ja icon}}

    References

    • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&dq=Gukansho&source=gbs_navlinks_s Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; OCLC 251325323
    • Moscher, Gouverneur. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide. {{ISBN|9780804812948}}; OCLC 4589403
    • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&dq=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&client=firefox-a&pgis=1 The Imperial House of Japan.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
    • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
    • Varley, H. Paul. (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ&dq= Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; OCLC 59145842

    See also

    • Emperor of Japan
    • List of Emperors of Japan
    • Imperial cult
    {{s-start}}{{s-reg}}{{succession box | before=Emperor Go-Reizei | title=Emperor of Japan:
    Go-Sanjō | after=Emperor Shirakawa | years=1068–1073}}{{s-end}}{{Emperors of Japan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Sanjo, Emperor}}

    5 : Japanese emperors|1034 births|1073 deaths|People of Heian-period Japan|11th-century Japanese monarchs
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