“Epsilon Geminorum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

ε Geminorum (Latinised to Epsilon Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional names Mebsuta, Melboula or Melucta. Mebsuta has its roots in ancient Arabic where it and the star Mekbuda (Zeta Geminorum) were the paws of a lion. Mebsuta ('Mabsūṭah' مبسوطة) comes from a phrase referring to the outstretched paw.^[23] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[3] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[4] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mebsuta for this star.

In Chinese, {{lang|zh|井宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Jǐng Su}}), meaning Well (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of ε Geminorum, μ Geminorum, ν Geminorum, γ Geminorum, ξ Geminorum, 36 Geminorum, ζ Geminorum and λ Geminorum.^[5] Consequently, ε Geminorum itself is known as {{lang|zh|井宿五}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Jǐng Su wǔ}}, {{lang-en|the Fifth Star of Well}}.)^[6]

Properties

The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of G8 Ib,^[4] where the luminosity class of Ib indicates this is a lower luminosity supergiant star. Alternatively, it may be a star that has passed through the asymptotic giant branch stage and possesses a detached shell of dust.^[29] The estimated mass of this star is over 19^[12] times the mass of the Sun, and it has expanded to a radius measured at around 105–175 times that of the Sun.^[4] Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.^[32]

Epsilon Geminorum is radiating around 8,500^[3] times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,662 K.^[15] It is this temperature that gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.^[35] A surface magnetic field with a strength of {{nowrap|–0.14 ± 0.19 G}} has been detected on this star. This topologically complex field is most likely generated by a dynamo formed from the deep convection zone in the star's outer envelope.^[36]

Occultations

Epsilon Geminorum lies near the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon or a planet. Such an occultation took place on April 8, 1976 by Mars, which allowed the oblateness of the planet's outer atmosphere to be measured.^[37] Epsilon Geminorum was occulted by Mercury on June 10, 1940,{{cn|date=September 2018}} and on September 3, 2015 it was occulted by the asteroid Iphigenia.^[38]

In culture

USS Melucta (AK-131) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.

References

1. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=2013AJ....146...73P|arxiv=1307.0592|title=Wilson-Bappu Effect: Extended to Surface Gravity|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=146|issue=4|pages=73|author1=Park|first1=Sunkyung|last2=Kang|first2=Wonseok|last3=Lee|first3=Jeong-Eun|last4=Lee|first4=Sang-Gak|year=2013|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/73}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
5. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.
6. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063012/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm |date=January 30, 2011 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
7. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Nordgren | first1=Tyler E. | last2=Germain | first2=M. E. | last3=Benson | first3=J. A. | last4=Mozurkewich | first4=D. | last5=Sudol | first5=J. J. | last6=Elias | first6=N. M., II | last7=Hajian | first7=Arsen R. | last8=White | first8=N. M. | last9=Hutter | first9=D. J. | title=Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=118 | issue=6 | pages=3032–3038 |date=December 1999 | doi=10.1086/301114 | bibcode=1999AJ....118.3032N | url=http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=phys_facpub }}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | last1=Mallik | first1=Sushma V. | title=Lithium abundance and mass | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=352 | pages=495–507 |date=December 1999 | bibcode=1999A&A...352..495M }}
9. ^¹{{citation | last1=Garrison | first1=R. F. | title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=25 | page=1319 |date=December 1993 | bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G | url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | accessdate=2012-02-04 }}
10. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Mitchell | first2=B. | last3=Iriarte | first3=R. I. | last4=Wisniewski | first4=W. Z. | title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | issue=99 | year=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J | pages=99 }}
11. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Wu | first1=Yue | last2=Singh | first2=H. P. | last3=Prugniel | first3=P. | last4=Gupta | first4=R. | last5=Koleva | first5=M. | title=Coudé-feed stellar spectral library - atmospheric parameters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=525 | page=A71 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015014 | bibcode=2011A&A...525A..71W |arxiv = 1009.1491 }}
12. ^¹²³{{citation | last1=Tetzlaff | first1=N. | last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Hohle | first3=M. M. | title=A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=410 | issue=1 | pages=190–200 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410..190T |arxiv = 1007.4883 }}
13. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Grunhut | first1=J. H. | last2=Wade | first2=G. A. | last3=Hanes | first3=D. A. | last4=Alecian | first4=E. | title=Systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive, late-type supergiants | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=408 | issue=4 | pages=2290–2297 |date=November 2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17275.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.408.2290G |arxiv = 1006.5891 }}
14. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=De Medeiros | first1=J. R. | last2=Udry | first2=S. | last3=Burki | first3=G. | last4=Mayor | first4=M. | title=A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars. II. Ib supergiant stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=395 | pages=97–98 |date=November 2002 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021214 | bibcode=2002A&A...395...97D | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2002/43/aa2890.pdf }}
15. ^¹{{citation | last1=French | first1=R. G. | last2=Taylor | first2=G. E. | title=Occultation of Epsilon Geminorum by Mars. IV - Oblateness of the Martian upper atmosphere | journal=Icarus | volume=45 | pages=577–585 |date=March 1981 | doi=10.1016/0019-1035(81)90023-3 | bibcode=1981Icar...45..577F | issue=3 }}
16. ^¹{{citation | last1=Lobel | first1=A. | last2=Dupree | first2=A. K. | title=The Chromospheres of G-type Ib Supergiants | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=32 | page=1474 |date=December 2000 | bibcode=2000AAS...197.4415L }}
17. ^¹{{citation |title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archivedate=2012-03-10 |df= }}
18. ^¹{{citation | first1=Richard Hinckley | last1=Allen | author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Star-names and their meanings | publisher=G. E. Stechert | year=1899 | page=235 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA235 }}
19. ^¹{{citation | title= Steve's Asteroid Occultations | url=http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2015_09/0903_112_35573.htm}}

词条	Epsilon Geminorum
释义	Nomenclature Properties Occultations In culture References {{Starbox begin \| name=ε Geminorum }}{{Starbox image \| image = \| caption=Location of ε Geminorum (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000 \| ra = {{RA\|06\|43\|55.92626}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+25\|07\|52.0515}} \| appmag_v = +3.06^[3] \| constell = Gemini }}{{Starbox character \| class = G8 Ib^[4] \| b-v = +1.40^[5] \| u-b = +1.46^[5] \| variable = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = {{nowrap\|+8.09 ± 0.14}}^[7] \| prop_mo_ra = –5.57 \| prop_mo_dec = −12.36 \| parallax = 3.86 \| p_error = 0.17 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = –3.90^[1] }}{{starbox detail \| mass = {{nowrap\|19.2 ± 0.1}}^[12] \| radius = {{nowrap\|140 ± 35}}^[4] \| luminosity = 8,500^[3] \| temperature = {{nowrap\|4,662 ± 36}}^[15] \| gravity = {{nowrap\|0.88 ± 0.05}}^[15] \| metal_fe = {{nowrap\|0.15 ± 0.07}}^[15] \| rotational_velocity = {{nowrap\|8.7 ± 1.0}}^[7] \| age_myr = {{nowrap\|8.3 ± 0.1}}^[12] }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = 27 Geminorum, FK5 254, HD 48329, HIP 32246, HR 2473, SAO 78682. }}{{Starbox reference \| Simbad = eps+Gem }}{{Starbox end}}Epsilon Geminorum (ε Geminorum, abbreviated Epsilon Gem, ε Gem), also named Mebsuta,^[2] is a star in the constellation of Gemini, on the outstretched right 'leg' of the twin Castor. The apparent visual magnitude of +3.06^[3] makes it one of the brighter stars in this constellation. The distance to this star can be determined by parallax measurements, giving a value of {{Convert\|840\|ly\|pc\|abbr=off\|lk=on}}, with a margin of error of {{Convert\|40\|ly\|pc\|abbr=on\|lk=off}}. Nomenclature ε Geminorum (Latinised to Epsilon Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional names Mebsuta, Melboula or Melucta. Mebsuta has its roots in ancient Arabic where it and the star Mekbuda (Zeta Geminorum) were the paws of a lion. Mebsuta ('Mabsūṭah' مبسوطة) comes from a phrase referring to the outstretched paw.^[23] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[3] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[4] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mebsuta for this star. In Chinese, {{lang\|zh\|井宿}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Jǐng Su}}), meaning Well (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of ε Geminorum, μ Geminorum, ν Geminorum, γ Geminorum, ξ Geminorum, 36 Geminorum, ζ Geminorum and λ Geminorum.^[5] Consequently, ε Geminorum itself is known as {{lang\|zh\|井宿五}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Jǐng Su wǔ}}, {{lang-en\|the Fifth Star of Well}}.)^[6] Properties The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of G8 Ib,^[4] where the luminosity class of Ib indicates this is a lower luminosity supergiant star. Alternatively, it may be a star that has passed through the asymptotic giant branch stage and possesses a detached shell of dust.^[29] The estimated mass of this star is over 19^[12] times the mass of the Sun, and it has expanded to a radius measured at around 105–175 times that of the Sun.^[4] Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.^[32] Epsilon Geminorum is radiating around 8,500^[3] times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,662 K.^[15] It is this temperature that gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.^[35] A surface magnetic field with a strength of {{nowrap\|–0.14 ± 0.19 G}} has been detected on this star. This topologically complex field is most likely generated by a dynamo formed from the deep convection zone in the star's outer envelope.^[36] Occultations Epsilon Geminorum lies near the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon or a planet. Such an occultation took place on April 8, 1976 by Mars, which allowed the oblateness of the planet's outer atmosphere to be measured.^[37] Epsilon Geminorum was occulted by Mercury on June 10, 1940,{{cn\|date=September 2018}} and on September 3, 2015 it was occulted by the asteroid Iphigenia.^[38] In culture USS Melucta (AK-131) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star. References 1. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=2013AJ....146...73P\|arxiv=1307.0592\|title=Wilson-Bappu Effect: Extended to Surface Gravity\|journal=The Astronomical Journal\|volume=146\|issue=4\|pages=73\|author1=Park\|first1=Sunkyung\|last2=Kang\|first2=Wonseok\|last3=Lee\|first3=Jeong-Eun\|last4=Lee\|first4=Sang-Gak\|year=2013\|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/73}} 2. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt \| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ \| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)\|accessdate=22 May 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf \| title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 5. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN\|978-986-7332-25-7}}. 6. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063012/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm \|date=January 30, 2011 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 7. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Nordgren \| first1=Tyler E. \| last2=Germain \| first2=M. E. \| last3=Benson \| first3=J. A. \| last4=Mozurkewich \| first4=D. \| last5=Sudol \| first5=J. J. \| last6=Elias \| first6=N. M., II \| last7=Hajian \| first7=Arsen R. \| last8=White \| first8=N. M. \| last9=Hutter \| first9=D. J. \| title=Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| volume=118 \| issue=6 \| pages=3032–3038 \|date=December 1999 \| doi=10.1086/301114 \| bibcode=1999AJ....118.3032N \| url=http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=phys_facpub }} 8. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| last1=Mallik \| first1=Sushma V. \| title=Lithium abundance and mass \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=352 \| pages=495–507 \|date=December 1999 \| bibcode=1999A&A...352..495M }} 9. ^¹{{citation \| last1=Garrison \| first1=R. F. \| title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification \| journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society \| volume=25 \| page=1319 \|date=December 1993 \| bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G \| url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html \| accessdate=2012-02-04 }} 10. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Johnson \| first1=H. L. \| last2=Mitchell \| first2=B. \| last3=Iriarte \| first3=R. I. \| last4=Wisniewski \| first4=W. Z. \| title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars \| journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory \| volume=4 \| issue=99 \| year=1966 \| bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J \| pages=99 }} 11. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Wu \| first1=Yue \| last2=Singh \| first2=H. P. \| last3=Prugniel \| first3=P. \| last4=Gupta \| first4=R. \| last5=Koleva \| first5=M. \| title=Coudé-feed stellar spectral library - atmospheric parameters \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=525 \| page=A71 \|date=January 2011 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015014 \| bibcode=2011A&A...525A..71W \|arxiv = 1009.1491 }} 12. ^¹²³{{citation \| last1=Tetzlaff \| first1=N. \| last2=Neuhäuser \| first2=R. \| last3=Hohle \| first3=M. M. \| title=A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun \| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society \| volume=410 \| issue=1 \| pages=190–200 \|date=January 2011 \| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x \| bibcode=2011MNRAS.410..190T \|arxiv = 1007.4883 }} 13. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Grunhut \| first1=J. H. \| last2=Wade \| first2=G. A. \| last3=Hanes \| first3=D. A. \| last4=Alecian \| first4=E. \| title=Systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive, late-type supergiants \| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society \| volume=408 \| issue=4 \| pages=2290–2297 \|date=November 2010 \| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17275.x \| bibcode=2010MNRAS.408.2290G \|arxiv = 1006.5891 }} 14. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=De Medeiros \| first1=J. R. \| last2=Udry \| first2=S. \| last3=Burki \| first3=G. \| last4=Mayor \| first4=M. \| title=A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars. II. Ib supergiant stars \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=395 \| pages=97–98 \|date=November 2002 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021214 \| bibcode=2002A&A...395...97D \| url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2002/43/aa2890.pdf }} 15. ^¹{{citation \| last1=French \| first1=R. G. \| last2=Taylor \| first2=G. E. \| title=Occultation of Epsilon Geminorum by Mars. IV - Oblateness of the Martian upper atmosphere \| journal=Icarus \| volume=45 \| pages=577–585 \|date=March 1981 \| doi=10.1016/0019-1035(81)90023-3 \| bibcode=1981Icar...45..577F \| issue=3 }} 16. ^¹{{citation \| last1=Lobel \| first1=A. \| last2=Dupree \| first2=A. K. \| title=The Chromospheres of G-type Ib Supergiants \| journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society \| volume=32 \| page=1474 \|date=December 2000 \| bibcode=2000AAS...197.4415L }} 17. ^¹{{citation \|title=The Colour of Stars \|date=December 21, 2004 \|work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education \|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation \|url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|accessdate=2012-01-16 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|archivedate=2012-03-10 \|df= }} 18. ^¹{{citation \| first1=Richard Hinckley \| last1=Allen \| author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen \| title=Star-names and their meanings \| publisher=G. E. Stechert \| year=1899 \| page=235 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA235 }} 19. ^¹{{citation \| title= Steve's Asteroid Occultations \| url=http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2015_09/0903_112_35573.htm}} Note: see VizieR catalogue I/311.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] }}{{Stars of Gemini}} 9 : Bayer objects\|Gemini (constellation)\|Stars with proper names\|G-type supergiants\|Hipparcos objects\|Flamsteed objects\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Durchmusterung objects
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Nomenclature

Properties

Occultations

In culture

References