| 词条 | Ernest C. Pollard |
| 释义 |
|name = Ernest Pollard |image = |image_size = 150px |birth_date = April 16, 1906 |birth_place = Yunnan, China |death_date ={{nowrap|{{death date and age|1997|2|24|1906|4|16}}}} |death_place = Jupiter, Florida, U.S. |nationality = British |field = |work_institutions = Duke University Pennsylvania State University Yale University University of Florida |alma_mater = University of Cambridge |doctoral_advisor = James Chadwick |doctoral_students = Thomas Patrick Coohill Carl Woese |known_for = |prizes = }} Ernest Charles "Ernie" Pollard (April 16, 1906 – February 24, 1997) was a professor of physics and biophysics and an author, who worked on the development of radar systems in World War II, worked on the physics of living cells, and who wrote textbooks and approximately 200 papers on nuclear physics and radiation biophysics. BiographyThe son of Sam Pollard, Ernest C. Pollard lived until age 10 in China, moving to the United Kingdom when his father died. He studied physics at Cambridge University. He did his PhD work under James Chadwick at Cavendish Laboratory, which was led by Ernest Rutherford, receiving his degree in 1932. In 1933, he joined the physics department of Yale University, where he designed the university's first cyclotron in 1939. He co-wrote the first "textbook" in the subject: Applied Nuclear Physics with William L. Davidson, Jr. then Research Physicist of the B.F. Goodrich Company, published in 1942. From 1941 to 1945 he was a member of the MIT Radiation Laboratory, working on such projects as Li'l Abner (for which he was granted a patent), MEW, the moving target indicator, and the height finder; and serving as associate head, co-head, and head of Division 10. For his work on radar development, he received the President's Certificate of Merit from President of the United States Harry S. Truman. In 1948 he led the formation of a group of biophysicists at Yale. A department of biophysics was formally organized there in 1954, with funding from the John A. Hartford Foundation, where he became a professor, serving as the departmental chairman until 1961. During this time, Pollard supervised numerous doctoral students including the future Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese. (The department of biophysics subsequently merged with the department of biochemistry, in 1969, becoming the department of molecular biophysics and biochemistry.) As part of the centennial celebration at Vassar College, he spoke on The Advance of Physical Science into the Biological and Social Sciences at a conference on the natural and social sciences on 1960-11-04. He was also a member of the national Democratic advisory committee on science and technology during John F. Kennedy's presidential campaign. During the 1950s, he was head of the Committee on Loyalty and Security, an arm of the Federation of American Scientists, a group that actively defended scientists that were attacked during the McCarthy hearings. Pollard founded the Biophysical Society in 1957, serving as a member of its executive board in that year and also as its president later from 1959–1960. From 1961 until his retirement in 1971 Pollard taught at Pennsylvania State University, founding the Department of Biophysics there. The Ernest C. Pollard Lectures, given at the university as part of a programme of lectures by the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, are named after him, as is the Ernest C. Pollard Professorship in Biotechnology. At the same time he served on the NASA Advisory Committee on Space Biology alongside Carl Sagan. After retirement, he continued as a research scholar, initially at Pennsylvania State University until 1977 and thereafter at the University of Florida and Duke University, as well as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina. Bibliography
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=Radiation: One Story of the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory}} (a copy can be found in the papers of Kenneth Bainbridge at Harvard University)
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=Microwaves and radar electronics| year=1948| publisher=J. Wiley| id=ASIN B0007DQ5DQ}}
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=The physics of viruses| year=1953| publisher=Academic Press| id=ASIN B0007DOTDO}} — also published in Scientific American in December 1954
title=Applied nuclear physics| year=1956| publisher=Wiley| id=ASIN B0007EY7IA}}
title=Molecular biophysics| year=1962| publisher=Addison-Wesley| id=}}
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=Radiation : one story of the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory| year=1982| location=Durham, NC | publisher=Woodburn Press| isbn=978-0-9612798-1-3}}
title= Physics, an introduction; poets' physics|date=April 1985| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-501023-7}}
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=The Cataclysm: Just the Facts| year=1988| publisher=Woodburn Press, State College| isbn=978-0-9612798-2-0}}
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=Radiation: Cells and People| date=December 1, 1991| publisher=Woodbine| isbn=978-0-9612798-3-7}}
title=The Molecular Basis of Human Disease and Approaches to Its Treatment| year=1992| publisher=Woodburn Press, Lemont, PA| isbn=978-0-9612798-5-1}}
author=Ernest C. Pollard| title=Sermons in Stones: Thoughts on moral values that are suggested by the scientific revelations of natural law| year=1993| location=Lemont, PA | publisher=Science and People (The Woodburn Press)| isbn=978-0-9612798-6-8}} References
|url = http://biophysics.org./about/governance.htm |title = Past Executive Board members |website = Biophysical Society Governance |accessdate = September 5, 2005 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051127124923/http://www.biophysics.org/about/governance.htm |archivedate = November 27, 2005 |df = mdy }}
website=Penn State Eberly College of Science| accessdate=September 5, 2005 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050412002055/http://www.science.psu.edu/alert/Pollard3-1999.htm |archivedate = April 12, 2005}}
website=SP-4902 The Planetary Quarantine Program| accessdate=September 5, 2005 }} — lists the membership of the NASA Advisory Committee on Space Biology
|url = http://faculty.vassar.edu/daniels/1957_1960.html |title = 1957–1960 |website = Vassar History |accessdate = September 5, 2005 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051029051059/http://faculty.vassar.edu/daniels/1957_1960.html |archivedate = October 29, 2005 |df = mdy }}
author=Stan Person| website=Penn State Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fall 1997 Newsletter| accessdate=September 5, 2005 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050405165249/http://www.bmb.psu.edu/general/newsletters/news4.htm |archivedate = April 5, 2005}}
|url = http://www.hamhud.net/darts/scr584.html |title = The Team |author = Steve Bragg |website = SCR-584 Radar Tribute Page |accessdate = September 5, 2005 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051125124544/http://www.hamhud.net/darts/scr584.html |archivedate = November 25, 2005 |df = mdy }} — The list of the SCR-584 development team in World War II
|url=http://www.biophysics.org/publications/sept05.pdf |title=Biophysicists in Profile: Ernest C. Pollard |journal=Biophysical Society Newsletter |date=September 2005 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614222547/http://www.biophysics.org/publications/sept05.pdf |archivedate=June 14, 2006 |df=mdy }} Further reading
author=John Bryant| website=IEEE History Center| accessdate=2008-10-18}} External links
14 : 1906 births|1997 deaths|Alumni of the University of Cambridge|British expatriate academics in the United States|British expatriates in China|British nuclear physicists|British emigrants to the United States|Duke University faculty|Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|Pennsylvania State University faculty|Educators from Yunnan|University of Florida faculty|Yale University faculty|Writers from Yunnan |
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