| 词条 | Erwin von Lahousen |
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BackgroundAn Austrian from an aristocratic family, Lahousen served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War. After the war, he became a member of Austrian counterintelligence. However, after the Anschluss in 1938, Austria's intelligence services were absorbed into Germany's, and Lahousen joined the Abwehr, headed by Admiral Wilhelm Canaris. Second World WarThe men took well to each other, as both shared anti-Nazi feelings. Lahousen became a member of a circle of hand-picked officers opposed to Hitler who ran the intelligence agency. Canaris appointed him chief of Abwehr section II, which dealt primarily with the Brandenburgers and sabotage.[2][3] Lahousen handled the successful sabotage aspects of the invasion of Poland in September 1939. But because Canaris did not give as much a priority to sabotage as to espionage, Lahousen ordered that agents destined for Britain be trained primarily for spying, with disastrous results. Saboteurs who landed in the United States during Operation Pastorius in June 1942 were betrayed to the FBI by one of their number, arrested, tried by military tribunal, and executed.[4] In 1943, Lahousen was sent to the Eastern Front and thus escaped the final days of the Abwehr, which, along with Canaris, had fallen into disfavour.[2] Lahousen later claimed that he was the one who supplied the bomb used on the Smolensk plot (Operation Spark, 13 March 1943). The assassination attempt carried out by Fabian von Schlabrendorff failed. After the failure of the assassination attempt and putsch (20 July plot), Claus von Stauffenberg and thousands of other accused plotters, including Canaris, were executed. Due to his service at the front, Lahousen escaped notice. On 19 July 1944 Lahousen was heavily wounded by an artillery hit. Nuremberg trialAfter the end of the war, Lahousen voluntarily testified against Hermann Göring and 21 other defendants at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1945–1946. Lahousen was the first witness for the prosecution, his prominence due to being the sole survivor of the 'Abwehr resistance'.[2] Among other things, he gave evidence about the murder of hundreds of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war and the Einsatzgruppen death squads, who liquidated more than a million Jews in the conquered areas of the Soviet Union, Poland and the Ukraine. See also
References1. ^Most of article based on the book by Karl Glaubauf and Stefanie Lahousen-Vivremont. Generalmajor Erwin Lahousen-Edler von Vivremont. Ein Linzer Abwehroffizier im militärischen Widerstand, LIT-Verlag, Münster 2005, {{ISBN|3-8258-7259-9}}. {{de icon}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lahousen, Erwin Von}}2. ^1 2 Harry Carl Schaub, Books (J-Z) with abstract on the German Resistance to Hitler. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624052110/http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiieurope_folder/wwiieurgermany_folder/wwiieurgerresj-z.html |date=2010-06-24 }} Retrieved March 22, 2010 3. ^A World at War (book excerpt). Chapter 1, "A Time of War", pp. 7-9. (PDF file, direct download) Retrieved March 22, 2010 4. ^David Alan Johnson. Betrayal: The True Story of J. Edgar Hoover and the Nazi Saboteurs Captured During WWII (2007) Hippocrene Books, Inc. {{ISBN|978-0-7818-1173-6}} 12 : 1897 births|1955 deaths|Abwehr|Austrian anti-fascists|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Edlers of Austria|Major generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)|Austrian Resistance members|World War II espionage|Austrian military personnel|Austrian military personnel of World War II|Austro-Hungarian Army officers |
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