| 词条 | Escanaba, Michigan | |||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Escanaba, Michigan |settlement_type = City |nickname = Esky |motto = |website = {{URL|http://www.escanaba.org/|Official website}} |image_skyline = File:2009-0619-Escanaba-CH.jpg |imagesize = 275 |image_caption = Escanaba City Hall and Library |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = Michigan#USA |pushpin_label_position = top |pushpin_label = Escanaba |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Michigan##Location within the United States |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = Escanaba, MI location.png |mapsize = 250 |map_caption = Location within Delta County |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = Michigan |subdivision_name2 = Delta |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Marc Tall |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = [1] |area_total_km2 = 42.39 |area_land_km2 = 33.01 |area_water_km2 = 9.38 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 12223 |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |population_total = 12616 |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = 959.04 |population_density_km2 = 370.29 |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_ft = 607 |coordinates = {{coord|45|44|43|N|87|3|52|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}} |area_total_sq_mi = 16.37 |area_land_sq_mi = 12.74 |area_water_sq_mi = 3.62 |elevation_m = 183 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 49829 |area_code = 906 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 26-26360[2] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1619865[3] |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = [5] |unit_pref = Imperial }}Escanaba ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|s|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɑː|b|ə}} {{respell|ES|kə|NAH|bə}}) is a port city in Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan, located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,616 at the 2010 census, making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie. It is the seat of government of Delta County.[4] There is also Escanaba Township, which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River, which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of the city at {{coord|45|46|37|N|87|03|30|W|}}. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language.[5][6] HistoryEscanaba was the name of an Ojibwa village in this area in the early 19th century.[7] The Ojibwa are one of the Anishinaabe, Algonquian-speaking tribes who settled and flourished around the Great Lakes. The word "Escanaba" roughly translates from Ojibwe and other regional Algonquian languages to "land of the red buck", although some people maintain that it refers to "flat rock". As a European-American settlement, Escanaba was founded in 1863 as a port town by surveyor Eli P. Royce. Early industry was the processing and harvesting of lumber, dominated in this area by Daniel Wells Jr., Jefferson Sinclair, and Nelson Ludington. Ludington later moved his headquarters to Chicago, where he also entered banking. I. Stephenson established a successor lumber company in the area and also became a capitalist. Before the war, iron ore was being mined from the Marquette Range, which shipped out on barges from Escanaba.[8] By the time of the American Civil War, this port was important to the Union as a shipping point for these ores, in addition to lumber.[9] The Menominee Range and Gogebic Range of Michigan became important for iron ore after the war, in the 1880s.[10] Michigan still produces about 25% of the iron ore nationally.[11] Initially lumber was still integral to shipbuilding, and supported the construction of houses in cities throughout the developing Midwest. Iron ore supported industrialization, and became part of steel and other industries in the Midwest.[9] As shipping increased, a lighthouse was needed to warn of a sand shoals in Little Bay de Noc, which extended from Sand Point, a sandspit located just south of and adjacent to the harbor area.[12] The United States Lighthouse Service approved construction of the Sand Point Lighthouse at a cost of $11,000.[13] Construction began in the fall of 1867 and was completed in early spring 1868.[13] Present dayUntil 2017, Escanaba continued to serve as an important shipping point for iron ore to other Great Lakes ports, especially south to Chicago and northern Indiana.[8][9][6] The local paper mill, for many years owned by Mead Corporation's Publishing Paper Division, is currently operated by Verso Corporation.[14] Located on the outskirts of the city alongside the Escanaba River, it is now Escanaba's largest employer.[15] GeographyAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|16.50|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|12.88|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|3.62|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[16][17] ClimateThis climatic region is classified as humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb", according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.[18] It is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. Escanaba is described as being in the banana belt of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. While most of the peninsula is affected by significant lake-effect snow, Escanaba's winter climate is much milder due to its location on the leeward Lake Michigan shoreline. {{Weather box|location= Escanaba, Michigan (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1948–present) |single line=Yes |Jan record high F = 55 |Feb record high F = 52 |Mar record high F = 70 |Apr record high F = 84 |May record high F = 91 |Jun record high F = 98 |Jul record high F = 99 |Aug record high F = 100 |Sep record high F = 96 |Oct record high F = 82 |Nov record high F = 71 |Dec record high F = 58 |year record high F = 100 |Jan high F = 26.4 |Feb high F = 28.5 |Mar high F = 36.4 |Apr high F = 47.9 |May high F = 60.1 |Jun high F = 70.3 |Jul high F = 76.0 |Aug high F = 75.4 |Sep high F = 67.6 |Oct high F = 55.0 |Nov high F = 42.4 |Dec high F = 31.1 |year high F = 51.4 |Jan mean F = 16.2 |Feb mean F = 17.6 |Mar mean F = 26.0 |Apr mean F = 38.3 |May mean F = 50.1 |Jun mean F = 60.0 |Jul mean F = 65.6 |Aug mean F = 65.3 |Sep mean F = 57.2 |Oct mean F = 45.7 |Nov mean F = 33.8 |Dec mean F = 22.1 |year mean F = 41.5 |Jan low F = 6.0 |Feb low F = 6.7 |Mar low F = 15.5 |Apr low F = 28.7 |May low F = 40.1 |Jun low F = 49.7 |Jul low F = 55.1 |Aug low F = 55.1 |Sep low F = 46.9 |Oct low F = 36.3 |Nov low F = 25.2 |Dec low F = 13.1 |year low F = 31.5 |Jan record low F = −28 |Feb record low F = −30 |Mar record low F = −26 |Apr record low F = -1 |May record low F = 23 |Jun record low F = 30 |Jul record low F = 38 |Aug record low F = 38 |Sep record low F = 25 |Oct record low F = 19 |Nov record low F = −7 |Dec record low F = −23 |year record low F = −30 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 1.06 |Feb precipitation inch = 0.92 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.77 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.23 |May precipitation inch = 2.94 |Jun precipitation inch = 2.98 |Jul precipitation inch = 3.37 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.35 |Sep precipitation inch = 3.20 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.96 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.45 |Dec precipitation inch = 1.44 |year precipitation inch = 28.67 |Jan snow inch = 13.1 |Feb snow inch = 7.9 |Mar snow inch = 9.5 |Apr snow inch = 2.7 |May snow inch = 0.1 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = Trace |Nov snow inch = 4.4 |Dec snow inch = 11.8 |year snow inch = 49.5 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jan precipitation days = 9.3 |Feb precipitation days = 6.5 |Mar precipitation days = 7.9 |Apr precipitation days = 9.5 |May precipitation days = 10.5 |Jun precipitation days = 11.7 |Jul precipitation days = 9.9 |Aug precipitation days = 10.5 |Sep precipitation days = 10.9 |Oct precipitation days = 11.7 |Nov precipitation days = 9.4 |Dec precipitation days = 10.0 |year precipitation days = 117.8 |Jan snow days = 7.0 |Feb snow days = 4.2 |Mar snow days = 3.5 |Apr snow days = 1.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 2.5 |Dec snow days = 5.4 |year snow days = 23.7 |source 1 = NOAA[19][20] }} Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 3026 |1890= 6808 |1900= 9549 |1910= 13194 |1920= 13103 |1930= 14524 |1940= 14830 |1950= 15170 |1960= 15391 |1970= 15368 |1980= 14355 |1990= 13659 |2000= 13140 |2010= 12616 |estyear=2017 |estimate=12223 |estref=[21] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[22] }} 2010 censusAs of the census[23] of 2010, there were 12,616 people, 5,622 households, and 3,090 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|979.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 6,178 housing units at an average density of {{convert|479.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 0.4% African American, 2.6% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population. There were 5,622 households of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.0% were non-families. 38.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. 2000 censusAs of the census[2] of 2000, there were 13,140 people, 5,800 households, and 3,294 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,038.3 inhabitants per square mile (400.7/km²). There were 6,258 housing units at an average density of 494.5 per square mile (190.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.66% White, 0.11% African American, 2.61% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population. 17.0% were of German, 16.5% French, 11.4% French Canadian, 8.8% Swedish, 6.4% Irish and 5.2% English ancestry, according to Census 2000. There were 5,800 households out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,125, and the median income for a family was $36,995. Males had a median income of $32,310 versus $21,204 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,589. About 10.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. Culture and contemporary lifeIn his poem The Song of Hiawatha, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow described how Hiawatha "crossed the rushing Esconaba", referring to the river. Although the Upper Peninsula is part of the state of Michigan, Escanaba and the western Upper Peninsula sometimes have closer cultural ties to the state of Wisconsin. Yooper culturePasties are a significant tourist attraction, and have a particularly unusual history.[24] Many ethnic groups adopted the pasty for use in the Copper Country copper mines; the Finnish immigrants within the region mistook it for the traditional piiraat and kuuko pastries.[25][26] The pasty has become strongly associated with all cultures in this area.[27] Theater and performing artsEscanaba is home to the William Bonifas Fine Arts Center, The Waterfront Art Festival, The Players de Noc, The Bay de Noc Choral Society, the Escanaba City Band, and many smaller arts organizations, art galleries, and musical performing groups.[28][29][30][31] TourismEscanaba is home to one the safest natural harbors in the upper Great Lakes, which makes it a natural destination for boaters.[32] Tourism has become significant for the local economy. Tourist draws include Lake Michigan beaches and local fishing and hunting opportunities. Most visitors come from Wisconsin and Illinois. Shopping and diningThe Delta Plaza Mall, is a small enclosed shopping mall in Escanaba, which features Hobby Lobby, Marshalls, and ShopKo as its anchor stores. Other big box retail stores in Escanaba include, Wal-Mart, Menards, Meijer, Aldi, Walgreens, and Tractor Supply Company. The downtown district features many small, locally owned retail stores. Viau's Market and Kobosic's Market are small grocery stores that feature on-site butchers. Eateries include: Stone Cup Coffee House & Deli, Ferdinand's, Crispigna's, Hong Kong Buffet, Hereford and Hops, Swedish Pantry, Rosy's Diner, The Stone House, and The Ludington Grill. Other notable restaurants that are outside the downtown district include The Buck Inn, Family Inn, Drifter's Restaurant, Hudson's Grill, and Thai Express. Parks and recreationParks
Boating and beaches
Places of interest
Laws and GovernmentGovernmentEscanaba is in Congressional District 1; its Representative since 2017 in Congress is Jack Bergman (R). Police and correctionsThe Delta County Sheriff's Office along with Escanaba Public Safety, and the Michigan State Police, collaborate with other police agencies in neighboring counties to make up the Upper Peninsula Substance Enforcement Team (UPSET). UPSET utilizes investigators, informants, K-9 units, and other resources to perform clandestine operations to arrest those involved with drug use, distribution and sale across the Upper Peninsula.[40][41] UPSET is the only federally trained and certified clandestine lab team in the entire Upper Peninsula.[40] The Delta County Jail is an 85-bed facility that employs 13 full-time correction officers, under the supervision of Lt. Jason Thibeault.[42] In September 2017, Delta County secured a $17.9 million loan for the construction of a new jail.[43] The new two story jail will be capable of housing 160 beds.[44] CourtsThe Delta County Courthouse serves all of Delta County. The courthouse includes the 47th Circuit Court, the 94th District Court, and Probate Court.[45] EducationIn 2003, the school board opted to completely renovate the historic 1930's junior high school, rather than move it outside of town.[46][47] Escanaba Area Public Schools operate the public schools in Escanaba, which includes various elementary schools, the middle school, and high school. There is also a private school, Holy Name Catholic School, which teaches pre-school children all the way up to eighth grade. Bay College, a public 2-year college, was founded in the city in 1962.[48] It offers various two year degrees and certificate programs ranging from welding, public safety, business, nursing, among others. MediaLocal radio stations include KMB Broadcasting's WDBC 680 AM (adult standards) and WYKX 104.7 FM (country music), Lakes Radio's WCHT 600 AM (news/talk), WGLQ 97.1 FM (adult top 40), WCMM 102.5 FM (country), and WGKL 105.5 FM (oldies), and standalone WUPF 107.3 FM (classic hits). Escanaba is also served by low-power translator stations of WNMU translator W296AX from Marquette, MI (at 96.5 FM), WRPP translator W254AG from Sturgeon Bay, WI (at 98.7 FM), and WHWL translator W261AI from Marquette, MI (at 100.1 FM). WJMN-TV, the local television station on channel 3, is mostly a satellite of WFRV in Green Bay and carries CBS programming. WLUC-TV in Marquette also operates a translator station in Escanaba on channel 14.
InfrastructureEscanaba's Harbor Tower, an 18-story apartment building, is the tallest building in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.[50] Transportation
Airport
Motor coach
Notable people
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(1988). The Great Scandinavian Baking Book. Boston: Little, Brown, p. 308. 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/history.htm |title=History of the Pasty |publisher=Michigan Technological University |location=Houghton, Michigan |accessdate=21 December 2012}} 27. ^{{cite book|last=Shortridge|first=Barbara|title=The taste of American place|year=1998|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=0-8476-8507-1|pages=21–36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDW7DHknCQC}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attraction_Review-g42185-d1739689-Reviews-Escanaba_City_Band-Escanaba_Michigan.html|title=Escanaba City Band|work=tripadvisor.ca}} 29. ^Choral society gears up for annual Christmas concert (December 4, 2008) Daily Press. 30. ^Affiliate organizations, William Bonifas Fine Arts Center. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825174907/http://bonifasarts.org/bonifas/affiliate.html |date=2010-08-25 }} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547032.html?nav=5004&showlayout=0|title=Waterfront Art Festival in Escanaba|work=miningjournal.net}} 32. ^Escanaba Harbor Newsletter. 33. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://www.eyeonmichigan.com/guides/escanaba/|title=Escanaba, Michigan - Parks, Trails, Historic Spots, Marina & More|website=www.eyeonmichigan.com|access-date=2018-06-29}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.escanaba.org/images/16/file/Harbor%20Hideout(1).pdf|title=HARBOR HIDEOUT PLAYGROUND|last=City of Escanaba|first=|date=|website=Escanaba.org|access-date=}} 35. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.net/news/local-news/2018/06/escanaba-kiwanis-create-new-musical-play-area-at-ludington-park/|title=Escanaba Kiwanis create new musical play area at Ludington Park {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Daily Press|website=www.dailypress.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 36. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.net/life/features/2015/08/house-of-ludington-witnessed-esky-history/|title=House of Ludington witnessed Esky history|last=Rose-Wils|first=Karen|date=21 August 2015|website=www.dailypress.net|publisher=Escanaba Daily Press|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-19}} 37. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.net/life/features/2015/08/house-of-ludington-witnessed-esky-history/|title=House of Ludington witnessed Esky history {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Daily Press|website=www.dailypress.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 38. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.upsteamandgasengine.org/agricultural-museum/|title=About the Agricultural Museum – The U.P. Steam and Gas Engine Association|website=www.upsteamandgasengine.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 39. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.uproc.lib.mi.us/eplwp/history-of-the-library/|title=History of the Library {{!}} Escanaba Public Library|website=www.uproc.lib.mi.us|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 40. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://upsetdrugs.com/|title=UPSET {{!}} Upper Peninsula Substance Enforcement Team|website=upsetdrugs.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 41. ^{{Cite web|url=https://deltacountymi.org/sheriffs-office/|title=Sheriff’s Office – Delta County|website=deltacountymi.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 42. ^{{Cite web|url=https://deltacountymi.org/sheriffs-office/correctional-facility/|title=Correctional Facility – Delta County|website=deltacountymi.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.net/news/local-news/2017/09/county-gets-loan-for-jail-project/|title=County gets loan for jail project {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Daily Press|website=www.dailypress.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 44. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.net/news/local-news/2017/09/final-plans-presented-for-new-jail/|title=Final plans presented for new jail {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Daily Press|website=www.dailypress.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-29}} 45. ^{{Cite web|url=http://courts.mi.gov/self-help/directories/pages/consolidated-directory.aspx?county=Delta|title=Delta County Court Directory|last=Michigan.gov|first=|date=|website=courts.mi.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2018-06-29}} 46. ^Mac McClelland, "More for Your Money" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609021113/http://www.mlui.org/growthmanagement/fullarticle.asp?fileid=16638 |date=2011-06-09 }}, Michigan Land Use Institute, February 22, 2004, Accessed July 15, 2009. 47. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlui.org/mlui/news-views/articles-from-1995-to-2012.html?archive_id=268|title=Escanaba In Da Daylight : Michigan Land Use Institute|website=www.mlui.org|access-date=2018-06-29}} 48. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.baycollege.edu/About-Bay/50-Years-of-History.aspx|title=A Rich Tradition of Quality Education|last=|first=|date=|website=www.baycollege.edu|publisher=Bay College|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220129/https://www.baycollege.edu/About-Bay/50-Years-of-History.aspx|archive-date=2018-06-17|dead-url=yes|access-date=2018-03-19|df=}} 49. ^{{cite book | last=Maraniss | first=David | title=When Pride Still Mattered: A Life of Vince Lombardi | publisher=Simon & Schuster | date=1999-10-07 | isbn=0-684-84418-4 | page=430}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=https://yoopersteez.com/post/upper-peninsulas-tallest-building|title=Harbor Tower, Upper Peninsula's Tallest Building |publisher=Yooper Steez}} 51. ^{{Cite web|url=https://deltacountymi.org/airport/daily-flight-schedule/|title=Daily Flight Schedule – Delta County|website=deltacountymi.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-17}} 52. ^{{cite web|title=ST. IGNACE-SAULT STE. MARIE-IRONWOOD |publisher=Indian Trails |date=January 15, 2013 |accessdate=2013-02-28 |url=http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1489_0.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704084717/http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1489_0.pdf |archivedate=2014-07-04 |df= }} 53. ^{{cite web|title=HANCOCK-MARQUETTE-GREEN BAY-MILWAUKEE |publisher=Indian Trails |date=January 15, 2013 |accessdate=2013-02-28 |url=http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1490_0.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222225859/http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1490_0.pdf |archivedate=2014-02-22 |df= }} 54. ^[https://voterrecords.com/voter/25430890/kevin-chown Kevin Chown voter registration] 55. ^Wisconsin Blue Book 1911, Biographical Sketch of Chauncey W. Yockey, pg. 771 External links{{Portal|Michigan}}{{Commons category|Escanaba, Michigan}}
4 : Cities in Delta County, Michigan|Populated places on Lake Michigan|County seats in Michigan|Micropolitan areas of Michigan |
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