| 词条 | Estevan |
| 释义 |
|name = Estevan |official_name = City of Estevan |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = The Energy City |settlement_type = City |motto = | image_skyline = File:20161210 151014 v3.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Estevan water tower and train station |image_flag = Estevan sk flag.gif |flag_size = 150px |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_relief = yes |pushpin_map = Canada Saskatchewan |pushpin_label_position = top |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Estevan in Saskatchewan |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Canada |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Saskatchewan |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Mayor–council government |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Roy Ludwig |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = First settler |established_date = 1892 |established_title1 = Village |established_date1 = 1899 |established_title2 = Town |established_date2 = 1906 |established_title3 = City |established_date3 = March 1, 1957 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = 9.12 |population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =11,258[1] |population_density_km2 =586.6[1] |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 =1,228.9[1] |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|49|08|21|N|102|59|10|W|region:CA-SK_type:city_scale:30000|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = S4A |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = http://estevan.ca/ |footnotes = }} Estevan is the eighth-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is approximately {{Convert|16|km|abbr=on}} north of the Canada–United States border. The Souris River runs by the city. This city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Estevan No. 5. HistoryThe first settlers in what was to become Estevan arrived in 1892, along with the expansion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was incorporated as a village in 1899, and later became a town in 1906. On March 1, 1957, Estevan acquired the status of a city, which, in Saskatchewan terms, is any community of 5,000 or more.[2] The name origin is attributed to George Stephen's registered telegraphic address, Estevan.[3] George Stephen was the first President of the Canadian Pacific Railway from 1881 to 1888. On December 22, 1915, the 152nd (Weyburn-Estevan) Battalion, CEF was authorised and recruited men from the area before departing to Great Britain on October 3, 1916. Estevan was the site of the notorious Estevan Riot in 1931. Although most of the strikers were from nearby Bienfait, the strike is associated with Estevan because it was in this city the demonstrators were met by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. After the subsequent riot, which lasted 45 minutes, three strikers lay dead. It was later proven the three miners had been killed by the RCMP. The miners had been organized by the Workers' Unity League. 1981 History BookTo help celebrate the centenary of settlement in the Estevan area, the Estevan History Book Committee published a handsome, two-volume history of the city entitled A Tale that is Told in 1981. The two volumes present a detailed history of the city and the surrounding area, including information about early pioneers, homesteaders, railroads, churches, schools, and businesses. EconomyThe major industries in Estevan are coal mining, power generation, oil and gas. Local mediaNewspapersThe Estevan Mercury, the newspaper in Estevan since 1903, provides weekly distribution to every household in the City free of charge. The newspaper also provides up-to-date news via online editorial copy and local videos.[4] It also has as free TMC newspaper circulated throughout southeast Saskatchewan to over 9,000 homes; the Southeast Trader Express. Pipeline News, Saskatchewan Petroleum Monthly newspaper is also based out of Estevan. Southeast Saskatchewan has a significant amount of oil production, and the Pipeline News' main office is situated locally to report on these matters.[5]Estevan Lifestyles is a free circulation weekly publication that shares the stories of the people in the Estevan area and the southeast corner of Saskatchewan. The publication also publishes NewsBreak, a daily coffee paper geared towards lighter reading.[6]RadioCJSL AM 1150, CHSN-FM 102.3, and CKSE-FM 106.1 all broadcast from studios on 5th Street in Estevan. News website DiscoverEstevan.com is also run by the radio station offering local news, weather and sports. All are owned by Golden West Broadcasting. Regina radio station Newstalk 980 CJME also offers a rebroadcast of their station to residents of southern Saskatchewan, operating at 107.3 FM. Arts and cultureMuseums and galleriesThe city of Estevan has two museums, one of which is primarily a gallery. The Estevan Art Gallery and Museum, formerly the Estevan National Exhibition Centre, was founded in 1978.[7] The Estevan Art Gallery is a free public gallery that showcases contemporary art. The Galleries permanent collection includes woodblock-print works by Andrew King.[8] The Estevan Art Gallery and Museum, EAGM, also features the North West Mounted Police Wood End Post Historical Site, NWMP Museum. This museum is in a house which is the oldest-known North West Mounted Police Detachment Post in Saskatchewan and holds a collection related to the North West Mounted Police and the 1874 March West from Roche Percee to Estevan.[9] The Souris Valley Museum, SVM, is a local and regional history museum focused on human development and daily life within Southeast Saskatchewan. It was founded in 2001, primarily from the collection of Stan Durr. The museum provides an engaging depiction of the social and cultural influences and economic development of Southeast Saskatchewan. The collection includes the Schneller Schoolhouse, a Threshing Cook Car, a Homesteader Shack, two of Estevan's original Firetrucks and a Heritage Mining Display.[10] Arts councilThe Estevan Arts Council, founded in 1967, is a non-profit organisation that offers art classes and workshops, adjudicates art shows, hosts concerts and provides a youth art scholarships through the work of volunteers and community donations and grants.[11] Demographics{{Historical populations|title = Population history |type = Canada |align = right |width = |state = collapsed |shading = |percentages = |1901|181 |1911|1,981 |1921|2,290 |1931|2,936 |1941|3,120 |1951|3,935 |1961|7,728 |1971|9,150 |1981|9,174 |1991|10,240 |2001|10,242 |2006|10,084 |2011|11,054 }}{{Clear}}{{canada_census |2001_population=10,242 |2001_pop_delta=- 4.7 |2001_land_area=17.53 |2001_pop_density=584.4 |2001_pop_rank= |2001_median_age=35.3 |2001_median_age_m=33.6 |2001_median_age_f=36.8 |2001_total_pvt_dwell=4,355 |2001_mean_hh_income=53,841 |2001_access_date=2011-08-27 |2006_population=10,084 |2006_pop_delta=-1.5 |2006_land_area=17.56 |2006_pop_density=574.4 |2006_pop_rank= |2006_median_age=37.1 |2006_median_age_m=35.0 |2006_median_age_f=39.3 |2006_total_pvt_dwell=4,455 |2006_total_pvt_dwell_usual=4,238 |2006_mean_hh_income=62,630 |2006_access_date=2011-08-27 |2011_population=11,054 |2011_pop_delta=9.6 |2011_land_area=18.85 |2011_pop_density=586.6 |2011_pop_rank= |2011_median_age= |2011_median_age_m= |2011_median_age_f= |2011_total_pvt_dwell=4,789 |2011_total_pvt_dwell_usual=4,501 |2011_mean_hh_income= |2011_access_date=2012-04-13 }} ClimateEstevan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) It falls into the NRC Plant Hardiness Zone 4a.[12] Estevan's climate is characterized by cold, long and dry winters and warm, short and relatively humid summers. The mean temperature in January, the coldest month, is {{Convert|-13.7|C}}.[15] The precipitation in winter[13] is chiefly snow, averaging {{convert|56.0|cm|2|abbr=on}}.[15] The spring is a short transitional season, with a mean temperature of {{convert|4.4|C}} and {{convert|107.3|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation, with significant snowfall in April.[15] The summer is usually warm (the mean average high temperature is {{Convert|25.3|C}} (average high in July, the warmest month, is {{Convert|26.5|C}} and humid ({{Convert|190.8|mm|abbr=on}} of total precipitation).[15] Autumn, as spring, is transitional, being warm in September and cooler in October and November. At this time of the year, the average temperature is {{Convert|4.6|C}} and the total precipitation is {{Convert|85.9|mm|abbr=on}}.[15] Estevan is the sunniest city year-round in Canada, and it is also the city with the clearest skies year round in Canada.[14] The highest temperature ever recorded in Estevan was {{convert|43.3|C|0}} on 5 July 1936,[15] and 5 July 1937.[16] The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-46.7|C|0}} on 11 January 1916,[17] and 16 February 1936.[18] {{Weather box |location = Estevan Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1900–present{{efn|Climate data for Estevan was collected in the city of Estevan from 1900–1944, and at Estevan Airport from 1944 to the present day.}} |metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = |Jan maximum humidex = 11.2 |Feb maximum humidex = 16.8 |Mar maximum humidex = 23.0 |Apr maximum humidex = 31.6 |May maximum humidex = 37.6 |Jun maximum humidex = 43.5 |Jul maximum humidex = 52.0 |Aug maximum humidex = 44.1 |Sep maximum humidex = 38.9 |Oct maximum humidex = 33.3 |Nov maximum humidex = 21.5 |Dec maximum humidex = 12.8 |year maximum humidex = 52.0 |Jan record high C = 11.4 |Feb record high C = 17.0 |Mar record high C = 26.1 |Apr record high C = 32.2 |May record high C = 38.7 |Jun record high C = 39.1 |Jul record high C = 43.3 |Aug record high C = 41.1 |Sep record high C = 38.3 |Oct record high C = 33.3 |Nov record high C = 22.1 |Dec record high C = 15.6 |year record high C = 43.3 |Jan high C = -8.2 |Feb high C = -5.3 |Mar high C = 1.5 |Apr high C = 12.2 |May high C = 18.6 |Jun high C = 23.0 |Jul high C = 26.4 |Aug high C = 26.1 |Sep high C = 20.0 |Oct high C = 11.7 |Nov high C = 1.3 |Dec high C = -6.5 |year high C = 10.1 |Jan mean C = −13.7 |Feb mean C = −10.7 |Mar mean C = -3.8 |Apr mean C = 5.3 |May mean C = 11.5 |Jun mean C = 16.5 |Jul mean C = 19.4 |Aug mean C = 18.6 |Sep mean C = 12.6 |Oct mean C = 5.1 |Nov mean C = -4.1 |Dec mean C = -11.8 |year mean C = 3.7 |Jan low C = -19.2 |Feb low C = -16.1 |Mar low C = -9.1 |Apr low C = -1.6 |May low C = 4.3 |Jun low C = 9.8 |Jul low C = 12.3 |Aug low C = 11.1 |Sep low C = 5.1 |Oct low C = -1.6 |Nov low C = -9.4 |Dec low C = -17.1 |year low C = -2.6 |Jan record low C = -46.7 |Feb record low C = -46.7 |Mar record low C = -36.7 |Apr record low C = -25.0 |May record low C = -10.6 |Jun record low C = -3.9 |Jul record low C = -0.6 |Aug record low C = -3.3 |Sep record low C = -11.1 |Oct record low C = -21.5 |Nov record low C = -32.8 |Dec record low C = -39.5 |year record low C = -46.7 |Jan chill = -55.5 |Feb chill = -60.0 |Mar chill = -50.5 |Apr chill = -35.0 |May chill = -17.7 |Jun chill = -7.7 |Jul chill = 0.0 |Aug chill = -4.0 |Sep chill = -13.0 |Oct chill = -31.2 |Nov chill = -43.8 |Dec chill = -55.4 |year chill = -60.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 14.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 22.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 23.7 |May precipitation mm = 56.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 74.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 51.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 36.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 28.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 17.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 17.1 |year precipitation mm = 427.0 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 0.67 |Feb rain mm = 1.2 |Mar rain mm = 7.1 |Apr rain mm = 16.3 |May rain mm = 52.1 |Jun rain mm = 74.8 |Jul rain mm = 67.5 |Aug rain mm = 51.7 |Sep rain mm = 35.7 |Oct rain mm = 20.4 |Nov rain mm = 3.7 |Dec rain mm = 0.49 |year rain mm = 331.6 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 22.2 |Feb snow cm = 15.3 |Mar snow cm = 16.5 |Apr snow cm = 7.9 |May snow cm = 4.0 |Jun snow cm = 0.05 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.47 |Oct snow cm = 7.7 |Nov snow cm = 16.4 |Dec snow cm = 20.1 |year snow cm = 110.7 |unit precipitation days= 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 10.1 |Feb precipitation days = 8.1 |Mar precipitation days = 8.9 |Apr precipitation days = 8.1 |May precipitation days = 11.5 |Jun precipitation days = 13.5 |Jul precipitation days = 11.1 |Aug precipitation days = 10.0 |Sep precipitation days = 9.0 |Oct precipitation days = 7.7 |Nov precipitation days = 7.7 |Dec precipitation days = 10.6 |year precipitation days = 116.4 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 0.63 |Feb rain days = 0.87 |Mar rain days = 3.1 |Apr rain days = 5.9 |May rain days = 11.1 |Jun rain days = 13.5 |Jul rain days = 11.1 |Aug rain days = 10.0 |Sep rain days = 8.8 |Oct rain days = 5.9 |Nov rain days = 1.9 |Dec rain days = 0.87 |year rain days = 73.7 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 10.8 |Feb snow days = 8.4 |Mar snow days = 7.1 |Apr snow days = 3.2 |May snow days = 0.97 |Jun snow days = 0.03 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.37 |Oct snow days = 2.4 |Nov snow days = 6.8 |Dec snow days = 11.4 |year snow days = 51.6 |Jan sun = 113.8 |Feb sun = 135.9 |Mar sun = 178.6 |Apr sun = 230.1 |May sun = 257.3 |Jun sun = 276.2 |Jul sun = 324.8 |Aug sun = 292.8 |Sep sun = 213.2 |Oct sun = 170.8 |Nov sun = 111.6 |Dec sun = 99.2 |year sun = 2404.3 |Jan percentsun = 42.2 |Feb percentsun = 47.5 |Mar percentsun = 48.6 |Apr percentsun = 56.0 |May percentsun = 54.3 |Jun percentsun = 57.0 |Jul percentsun = 66.4 |Aug percentsun = 65.6 |Sep percentsun = 56.2 |Oct percentsun = 50.9 |Nov percentsun = 40.5 |Dec percentsun = 38.6 |year percentsun = 52.0 |source 1= [19][20][17][18][15][16] |date=December 2013}} Notable residents{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 2 Census Profile, 2016 Census 2. ^{{cite web|url = http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/estevan.html|title = Estevan|last = Salmers|first = G.C.|work = Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan|publisher = Great Plains Research Center|date = 2006|accessdate = 2010-11-03}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.saskbiz.ca/communityprofiles/CommunityProfile.Asp?CommunityID=1|title=Estevan|author=Saskatchewan Business|accessdate=2008-03-12}} 4. ^estevanmercury.ca. estevanmercury.ca. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 5. ^pipelinenews.ca. pipelinenews.ca. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 6. ^Estevan Lifestyles. Sasklifestyles.com. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 7. ^Sain Collections – Estevan National Exhibition Centre. Sain.scaa.sk.ca. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 8. ^Estevan Art Gallery & Museum – Permanent Collection. Estevanartgallery.com. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 9. ^Estevan Art Gallery & Museum – North West Mounted Police Museum. Estevanartgallery.com. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 10. ^About. Souris Valley Museum. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 11. ^About. Estevan Arts Council. Retrieved on 2015-12-13. 12. ^{{cite web|title=Plant Hardiness Zone by Municipality|url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Saskatchewan&val=E|website=Natural Resources Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=26 March 2016}} 13. ^Spring is March, April and May. Summer is June, July and August. Autumn is September, October and November. Winter is December, January and February. 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/learningresources/facts/superweather.html/#suncapital |title=The Atlas of Canada – Weather |author=Environment Canada |date=2009-08-12 |accessdate=2011-03-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421191022/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/learningresources/facts/superweather.html |archivedate=April 21, 2010 }} 15. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1899-06-01%7C1944-10-31&mlyRange=1899-01-01%7C1944-12-01&StationID=2895&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1900&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=2&txtStationName=estevan&timeframe=2&Year=1936| title = July 1936| work = Canadian Climate Data| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = 6 April 2016}} 16. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1899-06-01%7C1944-10-31&mlyRange=1899-01-01%7C1944-12-01&StationID=2895&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1900&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=2&txtStationName=estevan&timeframe=2&Year=1937| title = July 1937| work = Canadian Climate Data| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = 6 April 2016}} 17. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1899-06-01%7C1944-10-31&mlyRange=1899-01-01%7C1944-12-01&StationID=2895&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1900&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=2&txtStationName=estevan&timeframe=2&Year=1916| title = January 1916| work = Canadian Climate Data| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = 6 April 2016}} 18. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1899-06-01%7C1944-10-31&mlyRange=1899-01-01%7C1944-12-01&StationID=2895&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1900&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=2&Day=2&txtStationName=estevan&timeframe=2&Year=1936| title = February 1936| work = Canadian Climate Data| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = 6 April 2016}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/| title = Estevan A| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = October 26, 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=estevan&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1900&Year=2016&Month=6&Day=2&selRowPerPage=25| title = Estevan (1900-1944)| work = Canadian Climate Data| publisher = Environment Canada| accessdate = 6 April 2016}} Notes{{notelist}}External links{{Wikivoyage}}
|North=Grenfell |West=Weyburn |Center=Estevan |East=Oxbow |South=North Dakota, USA }}{{Subdivisions of Saskatchewan}}{{SKDivision1}}{{Authority control}} 3 : Estevan|Populated places established in 1892|1892 establishments in Canada |
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