| 词条 | Estlink | |||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Estlink 1 | photo = | caption = | map = Estlink map.png | map_caption = Location of Estlink | country = Estonia, Finland | state = | province = | coordinates = | direction = south–north–south | start = Harku converter station, Estonia {{Coord|59|23|5|N|24|33|37|E|type:landmark_region:EE|name=Estlink - Harku Static Inverter Plant|display=inline}} | through = Gulf of Finland | finish = Espoo converter station, Finland {{Coord|60|12|14|N|24|33|06|E|type:landmark_region:FI|name=Estlink - Espoo Static Inverter Plant|display=inline}} | par = | owner = | partners = Elering Fingrid | operator = | cable_manufacturer = ABB | cable_installer = Global Marine Systems | cable_layer = CS Sovereign | substation_manufacturer= ABB | substation_installer= ABB | contractors = | construction = 2006 | est = 2006 | decom = | type = Submarine power cable | current_type = HVDC | length_km = 105 | capacity = 350 MW | AC_voltage = 330 kV (Estonia), 400 kV (Finland) | DC_voltage = ±150 kV | poles_no = 2 | circuits_no = }}{{Infobox power transmission line | name = Estlink 2 | photo = | caption = | map = Estlink map.png | map_caption = Location of Estlink 2 | country = Estonia, Finland | state = | province = | coordinates = | lat = | long = | direction = south–north–south | start = Püssi converter station, Estonia {{Coord|59|22|02|N|27|03|50|E|type:landmark_region:EE|name=Estlink 2 - Püssi Static Inverter Plant|display=inline}} | through = Gulf of Finland | finish = Anttila converter station, Finland {{Coord|60|22|36|N|25|22|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI|name=Estlink 2 - Anttila Static Inverter Plant|display=inline}} | par = | owner = | partners = Elering Fingrid | operator = | cable_manufacturer = Nexans | cable_installer = Nexans | cable_layer = C/S Nexans Skagerrak | substation_manufacturer= Siemens | substation_installer= Siemens | contractors = Empower Oy | construction = | expected = | est = 2014 | decom = | type = subsea cable, overhead line | current_type = HVDC | length_km = 171 | capacity = 650 MW | AC_voltage = 330 kV (Estonia), 400 kV (Finland) | DC_voltage = 450 kV | poles_no = 1 | circuits_no = }}Estlink is a set of HVDC submarine power cables between Estonia and Finland. Estlink 1 is the first interconnection between the Baltic and Nordic electricity markets following by Estlink 2 in 2014. The main purpose of the Estlink connection is to secure power supply in both regions to integrate the Baltic and Nordic energy markets.[1][2][1] Estlink 1HistoryFirst plans for a submarine power cable between the Baltic and the Nordic regions were proposed in 1990s. Negotiations between Eesti Energia, Pohjolan Voima, Helsingin Energia, Graninge (now E.ON Sverige), Latvenergo, Statkraft and TXE Nordic Energy, a subsidiary of TXU (now Energy Future Holdings Corporation) started In 1999, and on 9 October 2001 a contract was signed in Tallinn.[2] However, only after the harsh winter of 2002–2003 which resulted in an increased demand for power, the project of the submarine cable between Estonia and Finland got a boost.[3][6] The letter of intention for underwater sea cable was signed between Eesti Energia, Pohjolan Voima, Helsingin Energia and Latvenergo on 31 March 2003.[4] In May 2004, the Lithuanian power company Lietuvos Energija agreed to participate in the project, shortly after which the project company AS Nordic Energy Link was established.[5][6] On 29 April 2005, the Estlink project was launched.[7][8] Construction of Harku converter station and land cable installation begins on 5 April 2006.[9] The submarine cable was laid in September 2006.[13][10][11] The Estlink cable was inaugurated on 4 December 2006 and it became fully operational on 5 January 2007.[12][13] The Estlink 1 cable was operated by AS Nordic Energy Link company, founded by Baltic and Finnish power companies. The main shareholder was Eesti Energia with 39.9% of the shares, Latvenergo and Lietuvos Energija had 25% each, and the remaining 10.1% was divided between Pohjolan Voima and Helsingin Energia (operating through their joint project company Finestlink). On 30 December 2013 the interconnector was sold to the transmission system operators Elering and Fingrid.[14] DescriptionThe {{convert|105|km|mi}} long (including {{convert|74|km|mi}} under water) +/-150 kV, 350 MW HVDC link cable is connected to the Estonian electrical system at the Harku 330 kV converter station and to the Finnish transmission network at Espoo 400 kV converter station in Järvikylä using HVDC Light transmission technology.[3][15][8][16] The installation of land cable began on 4 May 2006 in Harku. The submarine cable was laid on the seabed of the Gulf of Finland in the autumn of 2006. The cable's maximum depth on the seabed is {{convert|100|m|ft|-1}}. The cable is constructed by ABB.[8] The submarine cable was laid by Global Marine Systems using the Sovereign service vessel.[7] The project cost €110 million.[17] Sites
Estlink 2HistoryA preliminary agreement on EstLink 2 was signed between Elering and Fingrid on 15 February 2010 in Tallinn.[18][19] Capital investment decision by Fingrid was made on 20 May 2010.[20] A construction agreement was signed on 1 November 2010.[21] On 23 December 2010, the contract to manufacture and install the subsea and underground cables was awarded to Nexans, the contract to build converter stations was awarded to Siemens, the contract to build the Nikuviken cable terminal station and to expand the Anttila substation in Finland was awarded to Empower Oy, and the contract to build the transmission line between Anttila and Nikuviken was awarded to ETDE, a part of Bouygues.[22][23][24][25] Laying of the cable started on 15 October 2012 and it is laid by the cable ship Nexans Skagerrak.[26][27] The cable testing started on 22 October 2013.[28] A trial operation started on 6 December 2013 and continued until 6 February 2014 after which it started commercial operations.[29][30] It was officially inaugurated on 6 March 2014.[31][32] DescriptionThe total length of Estlink 2 would be {{convert|171|km}}, including a {{convert|145|km|mi|adj=on}} long offshore cable, a {{convert|12|km|mi|adj=on}} long onshore cable in Estonia, and {{convert|14|km}} of overhead lines in Finland.[22] The {{convert|12|km|mi|adj=on}} long underground cable starts at the Püssi substation and runs the coast of the Gulf of Finland at Aseri. From there the {{convert|145|km|mi|adj=on}} long offshore cable runs to the Nikuviken cable terminal station in Finland. The Nikuviken cable terminal station will be connected with the Attila converter station by the {{convert|14|km|adj=on}} long overhead line.[24] Estlink 2 will be a classic bidirectional monopolar high-voltage direct current connection with line-commutated converter thyristors. Its maximum transmission rate will be 650 MW and it will operate with a voltage of 450 kV.[23] Its estimated cost is about €320 million, of which converter stations cost €100 million and cable €180 million.[22][24] The European Commission has decided to allocate €100 million to the project.[33][34] Sites
Waypoints of overhead line in Finland{{hidden begin|titlestyle=text-align: center|border=#aaa 1px solid|title=List of waypoints}}
See also{{Portal|Estonia|Finland|Energy}}
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.nib.int/news_publications/cases_and_feature_stories/2010-12_estlink-2 | title = Estlink-2 to tie Baltic power producers closer to the Nordic markets | publisher = Nordic Investment Bank |date=December 2010 | accessdate = 2010-12-31}} 2. ^{{cite news | url = http://brilliantfixer.wordpress.com/2001/10/11/new-power-cable-to-unite-baltic-and-scandinavian-power-supp/ | title = New power cable to unite Baltic and Scandinavian power supplies | first1 = Kairi | last1 = Kurm | first2 = Aleksei| last2 = Gunter | publisher=The Baltic Times | date = 2001-10-11 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 3. ^1 {{cite news| url = http://tdworld.com/underground_transmission_distribution/power_estlink_tie_improves/| title = Estlink Tie Improves Baltic States System| first1 = Raine | last1 = Pajo| first2 = Indrek | last2 = Aarna | first3 = Matti | last3 = Lahtinen| publisher = Penton Media, Inc.| work = Transmission & Distribution World| id = {{subscription required}}| date = 2007-04-01| accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 4. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=7326502b-5697-4464-82a3-1ceb3ea9bbc2 | title = Estonia- Latvia- Finland power groups sign undersea cable protocol | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2003-03-31 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 5. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=df65b2b1-5f85-4bf0-8172-862bc3b807ce | title = Lietuvos Energija agrees to invest in Estlink | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2004-05-13 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 6. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=d14ce18a-e9b2-4aa9-9516-586996df4225 | title = Sea cable Estlink partners formed joint venture | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2004-06-07 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.globalmarinesystems.com/estlink |title = Case Studies - Estlink |publisher = Global Marine Systems |accessdate = 2014-10-19 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180406/http://www.globalmarinesystems.com/estlink/ |archivedate = 2014-10-10 |df = }} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=610e929d-ac6f-4fbe-87bc-031416452ffd | title = Estonian-Finnish undersea power cable project launched | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2005-05-02 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 9. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=9934b5a1-3749-4c66-b3da-7766c0fc5e73 | title = Construction work for Estlink submarine cable converter station begins | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2006-04-05 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 10. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=9a55181c-386c-4a25-9013-6a0f416ab4ac | title = Laying of Estlink submarine cable on seabed begins near Tallinn | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2006-09-11 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 11. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=4dc60ad0-cdd5-476f-960f-7b87dd2f6d26 | title = Laying of Estlink cable on the seabed is completed | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2006-09-29 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 12. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=177957f7-4dcc-43fc-ac47-36ade7b4a758 | title = EUR 110 mln power link between Baltics and Finland inaugurated today | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2006-12-24 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 13. ^{{cite news | url = http://bbn.ee/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=1879212c-0b2b-459f-aa6b-8523087ca40e | title = Estlink subsea cable between Estonia and Finland becomes operational | first = Toomas | last = Hõbemägi | publisher = Baltic Business News | date = 2007-01-05 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 14. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/34150/ | title = Estlink gets new owners | newspaper = The Baltic Times | date = 2014-01-08 | accessdate = 2014-01-12}} 15. ^{{cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKL3087437620061130 | title = Finland-Estonia power cable at least a week late | agency = Reuters | date = 2006-11-30 | accessdate = 2009-02-07}} 16. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.abb.com/industries/ap/db0003db004333/ce9eeddef52ff677c125774a002e109b.aspx | title = Estlink HVDC Light link | publisher = ABB | accessdate = 2010-10-02}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.neurope.eu/articles/64691.php |title = Work on Estlink cable begins in Gulf of Finland |publisher = New Europe |date = 2006-09-13 |accessdate = 2009-02-07 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016090317/http://www.neurope.eu/articles/64691.php |archivedate = 2007-10-16 |df = }} 18. ^{{cite press release |url = http://www.nordpoolspot.com/Market_Information/Exchange-information/No-092010-NPS---Preliminary-agreement-signed-on-EstLink-2-cable-connection/ |title = Preliminary agreement signed on EstLink 2 cable connection |publisher = Nord Pool Spot |date = 2010-02-15 |accessdate = 2010-12-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714195016/http://www.nordpoolspot.com/Market_Information/Exchange-information/No-092010-NPS---Preliminary-agreement-signed-on-EstLink-2-cable-connection/ |archivedate = 2011-07-14 |df = }} 19. ^{{cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE61E1JY20100215 | title = Power firms sign new Finland-Estonia link deal | agency = Reuters | date = 2010-02-15 | accessdate = 2010-12-31}} 20. ^{{cite press release |url = http://www.nordpoolspot.com/Market_Information/Exchange-information/No-312010-NPS----Fingrids-capital-investment-decision-on-submarine-cable-link-to-Estonia/ |title = Fingrid's capital investment decision on submarine cable link to Estonia |publisher = Nord Pool Spot |date = 2010-05-20 |accessdate = 2010-12-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714195036/http://www.nordpoolspot.com/Market_Information/Exchange-information/No-312010-NPS----Fingrids-capital-investment-decision-on-submarine-cable-link-to-Estonia/ |archivedate = 2011-07-14 |df = }} 21. ^{{cite press release |url = http://www.fingrid.fi/portal/in_english/news_and_releases/press_releases?bid=1174 |title = Electricity market expanding further to the Baltic countries |publisher = Fingrid |date = 2010-11-01 |accessdate = 2010-12-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720015250/http://www.fingrid.fi/portal/in_english/news_and_releases/press_releases?bid=1174 |archivedate = 2011-07-20 |df = }} 22. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | url = http://www.pennenergy.com/index/power/display/7636796494/articles/powergenworldwide/t-and-d/t-and-d-infrastructure/2010/12/siemens-secures_eur100m.html | title = Siemens secures EUR100m order to supply converter stations for Estlink 2 | work = Power-Gen Worldwide | publisher = PennWell Corporation | date = 2010-12-23 | accessdate = 2010-12-31}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite news | url = http://www.oilvoice.com/n/Nexans_Wins_Contract_for_EstLink_2_Power_Submarine_Link_Between_Finland_and_Estonia/780a97dd0.aspx | title = Nexans Wins Contract for EstLink 2 Power Submarine Link Between Finland and Estonia | work = OilVoice | date = 2010-12-26 | accessdate = 2010-12-31 | id = {{subscription required}}}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite press release |url = http://www.fingrid.fi/portal/in_english/news_and_releases/press_releases?bid=1207 |title = Contractors chosen for new submarine cable connection between Finland and Estonia:total value of contracts almost 300 million euros |publisher = Fingrid |date = 2010-12-23 |accessdate = 2010-12-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720015227/http://www.fingrid.fi/portal/in_english/news_and_releases/press_releases?bid=1207 |archivedate = 2011-07-20 |df = }} 25. ^{{cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE6BM0MK20101223 | title = Nexans Norway, Siemens win Estlink 2 contracts | agency = Reuters | first = Terhi | last = Kinnunen | date = 2010-12-23 | accessdate = 2010-12-31}} 26. ^{{cite news | url = http://subseaworldnews.com/2012/10/15/estlink-2-submarine-cable-laying-between-finland-and-estonia-starts/ | title = EstLink 2 Submarine Cable Laying between Finland and Estonia Starts | work= Subsea World News | date = 2012-10-15 | accessdate = 2012-10-15}} 27. ^{{cite press release|title=Laying of EstLink 2 submarine cable has been started|date=2012-10-15|publisher=Elering|url=http://estlink2.elering.ee/news-2/?article=15955|accessdate=2014-01-12}} 28. ^{{cite press release | url = http://estlink2.elering.ee/news-2/?article=16991 | title = Testing of EstLink 2 Started on October 22nd | publisher = Elering | date = 2013-10-22 | accessdate = 2014-01-12}} 29. ^{{cite press release | url = http://www.fingrid.fi/en/news/announcements/Pages/EstLink-2-commissioning-tests-ran-smoothly.aspx | title = EstLink 2 commissioning tests ran smoothly | publisher = Fingrid | date = 2013-10-22 | accessdate = 2014-01-12}} 30. ^{{cite news | url = http://news.err.ee/v/economy/f939f987-c97e-4773-933d-21f55b024c71 | title = Power Cable EstLink 2 Enters Service | agency = ERR | date = 2014-02-10 | accessdate = 2014-03-08}} 31. ^{{cite news | url = http://news.err.ee/v/economy/e9374d13-2c32-4097-b1bd-9c97751c2393 | title = Estlink 2 to Open, Tripling Power Flow Across Gulf | agency = ERR | date = 2014-03-06 | accessdate = 2014-03-08}} 32. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/energy/?doc=88700 | title = EstLink 2 officially inaugurated | agency = ERR | date = 2014-03-07 | accessdate = 2014-03-08}} 33. ^{{cite news |url = http://estonia.eu/news/150-european-commission-endorses-estlink-2-investment.html |title = European Commission endorses Estlink 2 investment |publisher = Estonia.eu |agency = Baltic News Service |date = 2010-07-12 |accessdate = 2010-10-02 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100716142533/http://estonia.eu/news/150-european-commission-endorses-estlink-2-investment.html |archivedate = 2010-07-16 |df = }} 34. ^{{cite news | url = http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/10/231&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en | title = Economic Recovery: Second batch of 4-billion-euro package goes to 43 pipeline and electricity projects | publisher = European Commission | date = 2010-03-04 | accessdate = 2010-03-08}} External links{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
10 : Electrical interconnectors to and from the Baltic grid|Electrical interconnectors to and from the Nordic grid|Energy infrastructure completed in 2006|Energy infrastructure completed in 2014|HVDC transmission lines|Submarine power cables|Connections across the Baltic Sea|Electric power infrastructure in Estonia|Electric power infrastructure in Finland|Estonia–Finland relations |
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