| 词条 | 100 Series Shinkansen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = 100 series | image = 100 V9 Grand Hikari Tokyo 199701.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = A 100 series Grand Hikari trainset in January 1997 | service = 1985–16 March 2012 | manufacturer = Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation | yearconstruction = 1984–1991 | yearservice = | refurbishment = 2000–2004 | yearscrapped = 1999–2012 | numberconstruction = | numberbuilt = 1,056 vehicles (66 sets) | numberservice = None | numberpreserved = 5 vehicles | numberscrapped = | formation = 4, 6, 12 or 16 cars per trainset | fleetnumbers = | capacity = 4-car P sets 250 6-car K sets 394 12-car G sets 1,031 (68 Green + 963 Standard) 16-car X sets 1,277 (124 Green + 1,153 Standard) 16-car V sets 1,285 (126 Green + 1,159 Standard) 16-car G sets 1,321 (168 Green + 1,153 Standard) | operator = JNR (1985–1987) JR Central (1987–2003) JR-West (1989–2012) | depots = Hakata | lines = Tokaido Shinkansen, Sanyo Shinkansen, Hakata-Minami Line | carbody = Steel | carlength = {{Convert|25,000|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} (intermediate cars) {{Convert|26,050|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} (end cars) | width = {{Convert|3,383|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{Convert|4,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} {{Convert|4,488|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} (Bilevel car) | floorheight = | doors = Two per side | maxspeed = {{Convert|220|km/h|0|abbr=on}} ({{Convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for the former V sets) | weight = | acceleration = {{Convert|1.6|km/h/s|abbr=on|lk=on}} for the former V sets) | deceleration = {{Convert|2.6|km/h/s|ft/s2|abbr=on}} | traction = Thyristor drive | poweroutput = | transmission = | aux = | hvac = | powersupply = | electricsystem = 25 kV AC, 60 Hz, overhead catenary | collectionmethod = Pantograph | bogies = DT202 (motored), TR7000 (trailer) | brakes = | safety = ATC-1 | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1435 mm|allk=on}} }} The {{Nihongo|100 series|100系|Hyaku-kei}} was a Japanese Shinkansen high-speed train type which operated between 1984 and 2012 on the Tokaido Shinkansen and Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed lines. They were introduced after the 200 series trains, but their numbering is such because in the days of Japanese National Railways (JNR), Shinkansen types running east of Tokyo were given even numbers and those west of Tokyo odd numbers, hence they were given the next odd number in line after 0, 100. The last remaining examples of the type were withdrawn from service following the last runs on 16 March 2012. DesignThey differ visibly from the earlier 0 series in that the nose profile is more pointed. Another not so visible difference for the 16-car sets was that not all cars were powered; the driving cars on each end were unpowered, as were the two bilevel center cars. Some later production sets had powered driving cars and four unpowered bilevel trailers in the middle instead. The bilevel trailer cars contained a combination of restaurant cars, and first class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and first class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and refreshment cars. External livery was white (White No. 3) and blue (Blue No. 20).[1] Following their removal from front-line service, 100 series sets were later reformed into shorter four- and six-car sets for the slower Kodama services on the Sanyo Shinkansen line. These four- and six-car trains did not have bilevel cars. VariantsPre-series unitOriginally numbered X0, the pre-series set X1 was delivered in 1985, with test running commencing from 27 March that year.[2] It entered revenue service for passenger evaluation trials on Hikari services from 1 October 1985.[2] This unit differed externally from later production units in having small windows aligned with each seating bay, and also had a slanting headlight arrangement. The type 116 Green (first class) car formed as car 10 initially included one two-seat and two single-seat compartments, but these were removed when the set was modified to full-production standard in 1986.[2] Set X0 was formed as shown below, with car 1 at the {{STN|Hakata}} end.[3]
Set X1 was withdrawn in March 2000. 16-car X setsFollowing passenger evaluation trials with the pre-series set X1, a total of seven X sets were built for use on Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen Hikari services. The first four production units entered service from 13 June 1986 as 12-car sets without bilevel trailer cars, numbered G1 to G4, and were used on Tokaido Kodama services until October in the same year.[2] These sets were formed as shown below.[4]
Cars 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were each fitted with cross-arm pantographs.[4] These units were subsequently renumbered as 16-car sets X2 to X5 with the inclusion of bilevel trailer cars, and were introduced on Hikari services from November 1986.[2] The noticeable difference over previous (0 series and 200 series) shinkansen designs was the inclusion of two bilevel trailer cars in the centre of the formation. The type 168 car had a restaurant area on the upper deck with kitchen facilities and a small buffet counter on the lower deck. The adjacent type 149 car provided private compartments for Green class passengers on the lower deck, with open-plan green car accommodation on the upper deck. From March 1998, the X sets were redeployed to Tokaido Kodama services. The restaurant cars were no longer used, and fittings were subsequently removed. The fleet of X sets contained the oldest members of the 100 series fleet, and the first withdrawals started in August 1999. From the new timetable change of 2 October 1999, X sets were no longer assigned to regular workings, with the remaining examples subsequently limited to holiday period extra trains. The last remaining units were withdrawn by April 2000.[3] FormationThe 16-car X sets were formed as follows.[1]
Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[1] (The pantographs on cars 4, 10, and 14 were removed in 1995.[3]) 16-car G setsThe G sets were officially classified as "100' series", and 50 units were built from 1988. They differed from the initial X sets in having a type 148 bilevel trailer car in place of the type 168 restaurant car. This had open-plan Green car accommodation on the upper deck, and a self-service cafeteria area on the lower deck. While originally used exclusively on Hikari services, in later years, these units were more commonly seen on Tokaido Kodama services. The last remaining sets owned by JR Central and JR-West were withdrawn in September 2003 before the start of the new Tokaido Shinkansen timetable the following October. FormationThe 16-car G sets were formed as follows.[1]
Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[1] 16-car V sets (100-3000 series)The nine V sets (also referred to as "100N") operated by JR-West included four bilevel trailer cars, which provided 2+2 standard class reserved seating accommodation on the lower decks, and restaurant and Green class accommodation on the upper decks. These sets originally ran under the marketing name Grand Hikari, but from May 2002 onwards were limited to use on the Sanyo Shinkansen only. The restaurant cars in these units were decommissioned from March 2000. Two V sets (V1, V6) were reformed as new 4-car P sets in 2000 to replace life-expired 0 series R sets on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services, and the remaining sets were subsequently used to donate cars as they were withdrawn. The last operational set, V2 (with four bilevel trailer cars from set V9), was withdrawn after being used on special Sayonara Grand Hikari runs in November 2002. FormationThe 16-car V sets were formed as follows.[1]
Cars 4, 6, 12, and 14 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[1] 4-car P setsThe first of two reformed 4-car P sets was introduced on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services from October 2000. P1 was reformed from set V1, with the traction motors in the two end cars (renumbered in -5000 series) replaced by those from surplus JR-West G set cars. P2 was reformed from unit V6 in October 2000. Subsequent sets P3 and P4 were formed in 2001 by transplanting the cab sections of surplus non-powered G set cars onto powered intermediate cars renumbered into the 121-5050 and 122-5050 series. Set P1 was the first to be repainted into the new JR-West "fresh green" Kodama livery, in August 2002, and the entire fleet of twelve sets (P1–P12) had been similarly treated by March 2005.[5] Formation
Cars 2 and 4 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[19] InteriorThe first three sets (P1 to P3) were refurbished in February and March 2002 with 2+2 abreast seating using former West Hikari seats. Sets from P4 onward (formed in August 2001) had 2+2 seating from the outset. Set P2 was withdrawn on 9 February 2009,[19] and moved to the JR-West training centre at Shimonoseki, where it replaced the former 0 series set Q3 as a static training set.[6] P2's role as a training set ended in March 2013.[7] The last P sets in revenue service were withdrawn by 11 March 2011.[8] {{Clear}}6-car K setsThe first six-car K set (K51) was formed in January 2002 for use on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services from February 2002. These sets feature 2+2 abreast seating throughout, utilizing former Green class seats from withdrawn 100 series cars. Sets started appearing in the new JR-West Kodama livery from August 2002, with all ten sets (K51–K60) similarly treated by August 2004.[5] Three K sets were returned to the original white/blue livery from July 2010.[9] The first set treated, K53, was returned to traffic on 14 July 2010.[10] These sets were withdrawn from service on 16 March 2012.[11] Formation
Cars 2 and 6 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[12] Preserved examples
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |script-title=ja:JR電車編成表 '98夏号 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 1998| publisher = JRR| date = July 1998| location = Japan| pages = 96–97| isbn = 4-88283-029-9}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal| last = Ikeguchi| first = Eiji| script-title=ja: 100系・300系新幹線電車|trans-title= 100 and 300 series shinkansen trains| journal = Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine| volume = 41| issue = 337|pages=38–47| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun| location = Japan| date = May 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal| last = Umehara| first = Jun| script-title=ja:去り行く栄光の新幹線100系|trans-title= The waning years of the glorious 100 series shinkansen| journal = Rail Magazine |issue = 238|pages=5–33| publisher = Neko Publishing Co., Ltd.| location = Japan| date = July 2003}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal| last = Ota| first = Yoshio| script-title=ja: 100系電車量産車|trans-title= 100 series full-production sets| journal = Railway Journal| volume =| issue = 237| pages = 70–75| publisher = Tetsudō Journal| location = Japan| date = September 1986}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |script-title=ja:JR電車編成表 '07冬号 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Winter 2007| publisher = JRR| date = December 2006| location = Japan| page = 130| isbn = 4-88283-046-9}} 6. ^{{cite journal| last =| first =| title = 車両の動き2008-2009| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 49| issue = 579| page = 74| publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.| location = Japan| date = July 2009| accessdate = }} 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2013/04/12/160000.html|script-title=ja:新下関の100系訓練用車両が使用終了に |trans-title= 100 series used for training at Shin-Shimonoseki taken out of use|date= 12 April 2013|work= Jaoan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 12 April 2013}} 8. ^{{cite journal| script-title=ja: 100系Ｐ編成 運転終了|trans-title= 100 series P sets withdrawn from service| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 51| issue = 602| page = 175| publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.| location = Japan| date = June 2011}} 9. ^{{Cite web| last = | first = | script-title=ja:100系新幹線電車が登場時の塗色に |trans-title= 100 series Shinkansen sets to be repainted in original livery| work = Japan Railfan Magazine| publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.| date = 5 July 2010| url = http://railf.jp/news/2010/07/05/112000.html| language = Japanese| accessdate = 5 July 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100707060150/http://railf.jp/news/2010/07/05/112000.html| archivedate= 7 July 2010 }} 10. ^{{Cite web| script-title=ja: 100系K53編成が登場時の塗装に|trans-title= 100 series set K53 repainted in original livery| work = Japan Railfan Magazine| publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.| date = 15 July 2010| url = http://railf.jp/news/2010/07/15/151000.html| language = Japanese| accessdate = 15 July 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100716215728/http://railf.jp/news/2010/07/15/151000.html| archivedate= 16 July 2010}} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.westjr.co.jp/press/article/items/20111216_honsya.pdf|script-title=ja:平成24春ダイヤ改正について|trans-title= March 2012 Timetable Revision Details|date= 16 December 2011|work= News Release|publisher= West Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|format= pdf|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 17 December 2011}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |script-title=ja:JR電車編成表 2009夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2009| publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha| date = June 2009| location = Japan| page = 131| isbn = 978-4-330-06909-8}} 13. ^{{cite journal| script-title=ja: 「リニア・鉄道館」ファーストガイド|trans-title= "SCMaglev and Railway Park" First Guide| journal = Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine| volume = 40| issue = 324|pages=20–33| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun| location = Japan| date = April 2011| url =| doi =| id =| accessdate = }} 14. ^{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 京都鉄道博物館 |trans-title= Kyoto Railway Museum |magazine = Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 56|issue = 662 |page = 60 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = June 2016}} 15. ^{{cite book| script-title=ja:鉄道のテクノロジーVol1：新幹線 |trans-title= Railway Technology Vol.1: Shinkansen| publisher = Sanei Mook| date = April 2009| location = Japan| page =| isbn = 978-4-7796-0534-5}} Further reading{{Commons category|Shinkansen 100|100 series Shinkansen}}
10 : Central Japan Railway Company|West Japan Railway Company|Shinkansen train series|Hitachi multiple units|Kawasaki rolling stock|Kinki Sharyo rolling stock|Nippon Sharyo rolling stock|Tokyu Car rolling stock|Train-related introductions in 1985|Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations |
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