“Stenocereus thurberi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Stenocereus thurberi, the organ pipe cactus or pitahaya,^[1] is a species of cactus native to Mexico and the United States. The species is found in rocky desert. Two subspecies are recognized based on their distribution and height. The Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument is named for the species.

Its English common name is derived from its resemblance to a pipe organ. It is locally known as pitaya dulce, Spanish for "sweet pitaya" or sweet cactus fruit.

Description

This cactus species has several narrow stems that rise vertically, growing from a single short trunk just above the ground level. These stems are about {{convert|6|in|cm}} thick and grow to a height of {{convert|16|ft|m}}, however it has been known to reach {{convert|23|to|26|ft|m|abbr=off}}.^[2] These stems rarely branch but rather grow annually from the tip of the last growth. The mature plant can reach a width of {{convert|12|ft|m}}. Each stem has 12 to 19 {{convert|1/3|in|cm}} high ribs that bear dark brown to black spines that turn gray as it matures. It takes 150 years to reach maturity.^[2] The older plants produce three-inch (8 cm) funnel-shaped white flowers annually which are open at night and close by the morning and have a purple or pink tint to them. These usually grow during April, May, and June. The organpipe cactus is usually pollinated by bats. The plant also produces fruit about the size of a tennis ball. Beneath the fruit's spiny exterior is red flesh that has been described as tasting better than watermelon.^[3] This fruit has traditionally been harvested by the Seris, who call the plant ool {{IPA-sei|oːɬ|}}, and is used as a medicine.^[4]^[5]

Distribution

This species is found mostly in Mexico, mainly in Sonora and southern Baja California. It is also known to the United States, but is much rarer, with the notable exception of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. The plant is predominantly found on rocky hillsides up to {{convert|3000|ft|m}} in elevation. It is sensitive to frost, so the species is rare in low desert areas, which can be more susceptible to frost. The plant is slow growing, and prefers well-drained soil and full sun.^[3] However, when in the seedling stage, it requires shade, and will grow beneath a "nurse tree". It will need this for several years until it grows an adequate root system, which is mostly in the upper 10 cm of soil.^[6]

Subspecies

There are two recognized subspecies, the type subspecies, thurberi, is much larger and occurs in southern Arizona, mainland Mexico, and Northern Baja California. The other is littoralis, which is much smaller and usually grows to around {{convert|10|ft|m}}. It occurs only in southern Baja California.^[4]

See also

References

1. ^{{PLANTS|id=STTH3|taxon=Stenocereus thurberi|accessdate=2 December 2015}}
2. ^¹{{cite book| author = Johnson, G. Mark | date = 2003-03-26 | title = The Ultimate Desert Handbook | publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional | isbn = 0-07-139303-X | page = 27}}
3. ^¹{{cite book| author = Mielke, Judy | date = 1993-01-01 | title = Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes | publisher = University of Texas Press | isbn = 0-292-75147-8 | pages = 262–3}}
4. ^¹{{cite book | author = Anderson, Edward |author2=Brown, Roger | date = 2001-03-13 | title = Cactus Family | publisher = Timber Press | isbn = 0-88192-498-9 | page = 648}}
5. ^{{cite book | author = Felger, Richard |author2=Moser, Mary B | year = 1985 | title = People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians | publisher = Tucson: University of Arizona Press | isbn = 0-8165-0818-6}}
6. ^{{cite web| url = http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/desertecology/organpip.htm | title = ORGAN PIPE CACTUS (Stenocereus thurberi) | accessdate = 2006-07-31 | work = Desert Ecology}}