“Fair City”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Plots centre on the domestic and professional lives of the residents of Carrigstown, a fictional suburb on the north side of Dublin. The area encompasses a restaurant, pub, garage, corner shop, community centre, charity shop, surgery and various businesses. Originally aired as one half-hour episode per week for a limited run, the show is now broadcast year round on RTÉ One in four episodes per week, all of which air at 20:00.^[4]

Setting

Fair City is set in Carrigstown, a fictional suburb of Northside Dublin. Many of the scenes take place around the main street in Carrigstown, with notable landmarks on the street including McCoy's pub, Phelan's corner shop (now Spar, formerly Doyle's), The Hungry Pig (formerly The Bistro), the Community Centre (formerly The Haven) and Vino's (formerly Rainbows Sandwich Bar.) Other notable settings include the Acorn Cabs dispatch centre, the shared office, the Helping Hand charity shop, the surgery and most recently The Station.

According to the RTÉ Guide, Carrigstown is bounded by Drumcondra to the north, the city centre to the south, East Wall to the east and Phibsboro to the west.^[8] Carrigstown takes its name from the village that grew up around the quarries in which granite was mined until the early 20th century - carrig being the Irish word for rock.^[9]

Fair City occasionally makes use of real Dublin locations. Sequences have been shot in the Natural History Museum, during the Dublin City Marathon, and, more recently the Zoo and on the Luas, as well as at the National Ploughing Championships. The title sequences involve shots of Dublin.

Characters

The series was originally focused on four families: the O'Hanlons, the Kellys, the Clarkes and the Doyles. Some of the earlier characters also included Lily Corcoran, her womanising nephew, Jack Flynn, Paul Brennan, now a billionaire, at the time worked for Jack Flynn, and Linda O'Malley, an acquaintance of Jack's, to whom he had promised fame as a singer. This was similar to the British soap EastEnders, which also originally focused on a number of families and the community in which they lived. Over time the emphasis has moved away from the four families and grown to include the wider community of Carrigstown.

During the 1990s, the Phelan, Doyle, and Molloy families were introduced and dominated storylines for that decade. Bela and Rita Doyle, along with their brood of six children and Rita's mother Hannah, were involved in many stories. The Phelan family originally consisted of Hughie and Natalie, but later a new branch of the family arrived including Hughie's mother Eunice, and his brother Christy, along with Christy's wife Renee, and their two children Floyd and Farrah. The Molloy family was introduced in the mid-1890s and consisted of patriarch Harry, his wife Dolores, and their two teenage children Wayne and Lorraine.

The Halpin family was gradually introduced in the early 2000s, starting with Damien Halpin, his mother Tess Halpin and younger siblings Laura and Mark. Since then, the show's focus has shifted to individual characters instead of family groupings. Notable characters introduced subsequently include Carol Meehan, Tracey Kavanagh, Ray O'Connell, and Jo Fahey. Another change in recent years has been the introduction of ethnic minority characters such as Lana Dowling and the Udenze family.^[10] However, the Udenzes moved back to England after the father Gabriel was burnt to death in a fire, and Lana Dowling was kidnapped and murdered. In 2009 an Israeli character was introduced to the show – Avi Bar Lev, Avi hails from the town of Haifa in Israel. In 2013, Ama Chisenga, a devout Christian nurse from Zambia came to Carrigstown, and faced trouble with documentation for immigration. More recently in 2017, two Chilean brothers, Jake and Christiano, came to the show. Jake, who came first, was initially homeless, but later started a relationship with Ama. His gay brother Christiano soon followed, and both now run a coffee shop, Brewers, in the Carrigstown Arcade.

2012 brought the additions of the Dillon family – the Father Tommy, the Mother Judith and their three daughters Caoimhe Dillon, Neasa Dillon and Dearbhla Dillon,and their son Zak.^[11] The Bishops arrived in 2009, consisting of the mother Vivienne, her sons Decco, Denzo and Zumo and her daughter Charlotte. Vivienne's niece Sash Bishop was introduced in 2011 and the patriarch Paddy Bishop in 2013.^[12] The O'Briens came in 2014 - the father Eoghan, the mother Debbie and their daughter Katy and their son Michael.

Charlie Kelly and Paul Brennan are the only original characters currently in the show from the first episode.

Former executive producer Niall Mathews believes the soap's success is due to the large cast and the fact that no single character or group of characters dominates. "Difficulties are inherent if you are dealing with just one family", he says. "Look at Dallas and Dynasty; both did well at the beginning, but because all the action was centred on a single family, the writers ran out of things to say."^[13]

Executive Producer Brigie de Courcy said: "I think the big thing that Fair City does that the other soaps don't quite do is that it is really rooted in the community."^[14]

Paul Brennan

One of only two characters who has been with Fair City since the beginning, Paul has definitely had his fair share of drama throughout the years that the soap has been on Irish television. Aside from being the first and only Fair City character to become a billionaire, Paul has also had his fair share of successful business ventures, such as opening small food shops.

Production

Each week rehearsals for the four episodes take place on Saturday and Monday. Shooting takes place on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. On Tuesday and Wednesday, the interior scenes are filmed at Studios A and C on RTÉ's Montrose campus. The exterior scenes are filmed on the lot within the grounds of the RTÉ Headquarters on Thursday and on location on Friday.^[9] Scripts are prepared up to six months in advance, and episodes are shot six weeks before being aired.^[15] The series is planned in various stages. The first stage is the development of story and plot, which is carried out by a team of writers. Once the stories have been fleshed out and agreed, a scene breakdown is created. The episodes are then assigned to script writers, who create the dialogue and stage directions for the actors.^[9]

Running in parallel with the writing process is the production process, which includes: casting, wardrobe, make-up, design and construction of sets, purchase of props, finding locations, booking facilities, developing schedules, and other administrative tasks involved in managing a large production. From 1989 until 1994, all interior shots were filmed at Ardmore Studios, near Bray, County Wicklow. In 1994, production moved to studios at Montrose specifically adapted to cater for the show. All exterior shots were initially filmed at real houses in a real cul-de-sac in Barron Place, Drumcondra and later in Booterstown, where residents were asked to stay indoors during shooting.^[9] In 1999, a street set, known as the lot, was built at Ardmore, where set designers replicated the facades and interiors of the original houses. In 1994, the present lot was built at the grounds of RTÉ.^[16] The show has had four different opening sequences and five different theme tunes. The opening features several scenes of contemporary Dublin, while the closing credits shows a frozen image of the River Liffey.

Theme tune

Imagery

Social realism

The show has featured a number of gritty and controversial storylines reflecting major issues in Irish society, particularly from the mid-1990s. Former executive producer Niall Mathews said: "We don't hang out a banner saying we are dealing with rape and murder as issues. One of our characters gets raped and the story is how it affects her, her family and the community. We are not doing issue-driven programs. We use issues to illuminate the characters more than to illuminate the issues."^[7]

In 1996, three years after homosexuality was decriminalised in Ireland, male characters Eoghan and Liam moved in for a clinch – only to be interrupted. It would have been the first gay kiss on Irish television.^[17] Nowadays Fair City deals with LGBT themes more openly and more regularly. Yvonne, one of the soap's main characters, is bisexual, and used to date Connie from Australia. They were to have been married in Northern Ireland. Laura, lesbian daughter of Tess Halpin, formed a relationship with social worker Emily, only to have it broken up by the jealous, bitter and deranged Lucy. Troy, the son of Leo Dowling (another major character), is openly gay. Also, in 1996, teacher Barry O'Hanlon and student Niamh Cassidy had an illicit relationship.^[18] In 1997, Lorraine Molly became addicted to amphetamines to cram for her exams.

In 1998, the show tackled the subject of rape, with the rape of Lorraine Molloy by Dr Jack Shanahan, who later committed suicide.^[19] Also, Kay McCoy began a relationship with Catholic priest Malachy Costello, who then left the priesthood and married Kay in 1999.^[20] Leo Dowling's wife Sandie slept with his son Dean after finding out that Leo was having an affair.^[21] Helen Doyle died in a car accident.^[22] Noeleen and Stephen McCoy were brainwashed by a religious cult called The Church of the Children of Eternal Light. Foster care was shown in 1999 when Kay and Malachy fostered teenager Lorcan Foley.^[23]

Also, domestic abuse was highlighted with the Halpin family when Tess was murdered by her husband Marty following years of domestic abuse.^[32] The episode aired on 3 April 2003 and RTÉ had to set up a help-line following the episode. More recently in 2010, there was a domestic abuse storyline involving Tess's eldest son Damien. This time Damien's partner Suzanne was the abusive person in the relationship and this ultimately led to them breaking up. A week-long special dealt with date rape and teen suicide against the backdrop of the educational system.^[9]

In 2004, Fair City continued to feature issues such as eating disorders (Robin McKenna's bulimia)^[33] and teacher Sorcha Byrne's illicit affair with 19-year-old student Ross O'Rourke ^[34] (which cultivated in Barry O'Hanlon being overcome by clinical depression and having a mental breakdown). A three-week-long special dealt with Catholic Church politics, the legal system and the clerical sexual abuse of children.^[9] Homelessness was shown in 2005 when Cleo Collins slept rough on the streets.^[35] Gangland killing was also featured in 2005 when Mick O'Shea killed Alex, a member of a criminal Ukrainian gang, under the orders of crime lord Sylvester Garrigan (which led to his niece Ali being held hostage by them in 2006). Breast cancer awareness was raised (Nicola Prendergast's battle with breast cancer).^[36] Also, accidental drug overdose was highlighted, with the death of Dolores Molloy's baby Jessica from an accidental Ecstasy overdose when Ross left some ecstasy tablets on the floor of the Molloy household.^[37] A two-week-long special looked at the murkier side of yuppie life against the backdrop of property speculation reflecting the Celtic Tiger.^[9]

In 2006, the gangland storyline was revisited, with a chain of bad fortune for Garrigan ultimately leading to his downfall. First, he was wounded in a drive-by shooting, which was an assassination attempt on his life by the Ukrainian gang in retaliation for killing Alex. Subsequently, a sting operation by undercover Garda Rory Goff found drugs that Lorcan was piggybacking on one of Garrigan's booze runs. Garrigan was furious that Lorcan had implicated him in drug-dealing and he ordered Lorcan to kill Rory. As Rory and Lorcan confronted each other, Lorcan fired the first shot, but Rory struck back with another, wounding them both in the process. Rory survived, but Lorcan's days were numbered.^[38] Lorcan made a deathbed confession to the Gardaí before he died in hospital. Garrigan was arrested and was never seen again, but he is assumed to be in prison. Tim Carney's domineering marriage with Olga was also featured. Racism was shown when the Udenze family were targeted by racists Pete Flanngan and Morgan Dalton.

In 2007, the show tackled the subject of bullying, with the bullying of Mark Halpin.^[39] Missing persons were also highlighted in 2007 with the disappearance of Lana Dowling.^[40] In 2008, the show dealt with the issue of euthanasia (Floyd's death in a pact with Heather's husband Brendan.)^[41] The Criminal Assets Bureau was shown when Carol lost her pub and nightclub which were purchased by Billy with his ill-gotten gains. In 2009 mental health issues were confronted such as Keith McGrath's desertion of the British Army and Bill Taylor's psychological torture over Annette Daly's alcoholism.^[42] 2009 also saw the show's first bi-sexual love triangle and lesbian storyline when Yvonne Doyle had an affair with her best friend Connie Boylan.^[43]

In 2010, Damien Halpin's unemployment reflects the Irish financial crisis. In addition the many scenes of domestic abuse towards Damien by his wife Suzanne have brought into the open the taboo subject of spousal abuse towards males. The series has been praised for this edgy and at times controversial storyline.^[44] It proved to be so popular that British soap opera Coronation Street later did their own version.^[45] Organ donor awareness was raised in 2011 when Lucy Mallon received a cornea transplant.^[46] Wearing pyjamas during the day was covered with Sash Bishop.^[47] Aside from this, soap opera staples of youthful romance, jealousy, rivalry, gossip and extramarital affairs are regularly featured. Late 2011/early 2012 saw Orla Kirwan and Caoimhe Dillon engage in numerous shoplifting sprees around Dublin.^[48] In April 2012, life in prison was covered, with prisoner Decco Bishop fearing for his life behind bars.^[49] Domestic violence has been a recurring theme in Fair City, most recently in 2013 with the introduction of the character Paddy Bishop, who is captured on screen flaking his wife Vivienne with a belt.^[50]

In December 2013, Yvonne Doyle is raped by Internet predator Martin Baxter. He later bombards her with calls and texts, and calls to her restaurant Vino's and threatens her, but she later reports him to the police. In January 2014, Paul Brennan finds himself the victim of a blackmail plot when Jane extorts €40,000 from him.^[51] In March 2014, Yvonne faces a trial which she is terrified about.^[52] Also, in February/March 2014, bullying is covered again with the bullying of Rachel Brennan by Amanda Ryan, who torments Rachel along with a group of girls.^[53] In April/May 2014, stalking is shown, with stalker Tommy Dillon's campaign of terror towards his ex-wife Judith.^[54] Tommy is eventually outed as the stalker and, in late May 2014, holds Judith hostage with a gun.^[55] In July 2014, Christy Phelan faces a health battle when he suffers a stroke.^[56] Katy O'Brien questions her sexuality and becomes the show's first character to come out on-screen.^[57]

In August 2015, Fair City took on the issue of miscarriage when couple Damien and Caoimhe lost their baby.^[58]

From May 2016 until May 2017, Fair City provided its longest storyline ever, "Who Kidnapped Katy?".^[59] The storyline focussed on Katy O'Brien, who was kidnapped and later held hostage in the garage of Ciarán Holloway, who had come to Carrigstown to seek revenge on Emmett O'Brien — Katy's brother — for apparently giving rise to his sister's death in South-East Asia whilst travelling. During this period, Katy had become extremely attached to Ciarán, and later defended his honour on television and to his family, in what would be described as the effects of Stockholm syndrome. The storyline was received negatively by viewers due to its length.

History

Concept and inspiration

In 1988, a year before Fair City hit the screens, the show was just a vague idea conceived by RTÉ when it decided that it needed an urban soap opera to compete with Coronation Street and EastEnders.^[9]^[60] RTÉ gave the job of creating this new soap to Margaret Gleeson. A transmission date of September 1989 was decided upon and an initial run of 13 episodes commissioned. Gleeson, known for her work on Tolka Row and The Riordans, was appointed the show's first Executive Producer with Paul Cusack and David McKenna as producers. Tony Holland – co-creator of EastEnders – was brought in to give the soap its structure and storylines.^[61]

With the help of Cusack, McKenna and Holland, Gleeson devised the many components needed to make the initial thirteen-episode miniseries. She created twenty-two original characters for the miniseries and cast actors for them. The show with a working title of Northsiders was renamed Fair City.

Early years: 1989–1994

In 1990, RTÉ executives initially cancelled the show after the first season. However, they then decided to renew it for a second season. They brought in Irish writer Mary Halpin and new executive producer Niall Mathews to revamp the series.^[63]

Tony Tormey, who plays Paul Brennan, explains: "He [Tony Holland] just didn’t have the Irish thing. The scripts were all in a different idiom. They were written in Londonese rather than Dublinese. It just didn’t work so they cancelled it. But they stuck with it and brought Mary Halpin in. It was almost like starting again."^[64]

The introduction of strong story lines centring on the Doyle and Molloy families in the early 1990s began to gradually improve the soap's popularity and were overseen by Niall Mathews, who was in charge from 1990 to 2008, apart from the period between 1994 and 1998.^[9] He oversaw the show's transformation from a minor, urban drama into one of Ireland's major soaps, challenging Glenroe in the ratings.^[4] In 1994 John Lynch became executive producer and during his time Fair City began dealing with gritty and controversial issues previously unseen on Irish television.^[7]

Later years: 2002–present

On 17 January 2002, Fair City reached its 1,000th episode.^[65] In 2004, the soap opera celebrated its fifteenth year by broadcasting an hour-long compilation episode entitled Fair City: The Ten Commandments.^[66] This episode showed clips of characters breaking the Ten Commandments. It also featured interviews with the cast, writers, creator and fans. On 30 November 2006, Fair City reached its 2,000th episode.^[67]

In 2008 veteran Executive Producer Niall Mathews bowed out of the show and was replaced by former Script Editor Brigie de Courcy. During her reign, the soap has received critical acclaim for its more credible, sophisticated and psychological stories.^[4] In September 2011, Fair City celebrated its 3,000th episode. In 2013, the serial's 24th anniversary was celebrated with an hour-long special, in which characters Damien, Caoimhe, Tommy and Luke were trapped in a fire at a factory.^[68] Fair City celebrated its 25th anniversary in September 2014 by airing episodes such as Paul Brennan finding out that his wife Niamh is leaving him for Michael ^[69] and Christy Phelan's death at the hands of his daughter Farrah's husband Max.^[70]

Broadcast format

The show was initially aired with one episode per week for a limited run (16 weeks).^[71] In 1990, RTÉ opted to recommission the soap and air one episode a week between September and June, taking a summer break. In 1994, its output was increased to twice weekly on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 7pm.^[16] In 1996, the series started being broadcast all year around with one weekly episode during the summer months. In 1998 an extra episode was added and a fourth was added in 2001.^[72] In 2000, a second weekly episode was added in the summer. In 2003, the programme started airing four episodes all year-round from the summer of that year. In 2004, Friday's 8.30 pm episode was moved to Sunday nights at 8pm.

International screenings

Since early 2001 RTÉ One became also available on most digital platforms in Northern Ireland through Sky and Virgin Media, Fair City is officially available on this service to audiences in this territory. Prior to 2001 in Northern Ireland, UTV aired episodes of the soap in the early and mid-90s during its daytime schedule. Episodes shown on UTV were seasons behind RTÉ. Prior to the arrival of digital terrestrial television in Europe, many viewers in Northern Ireland, Wales and North-western England could watch Fair City on RTÉ One, because some of those populations were able to receive Irish television through spillover, although signal spillover has reduced since the transition to digital.^[73]

Fair City was shown on the Tara Television network in the United Kingdom via cable and Sky Digital from 1997 until the closure of the station in 2002.^[74] Classic episodes were shown in the daytime and repeated in the early evenings on weekdays, and current episodes were simulcast with RTÉ One. Recently, it has been announced that STV in Scotland will broadcast the show when the local STV channels rebrand as STV2. The series launched in April 2017 with a thirty-minute documentary entitled Fair City: The Story So Far before airing the Christmas Day episode from 2014.

Product placement

In 2011, BWG Foods, operators of the SPAR brand in Ireland, invested €900,000 in a three-year deal to have SPAR appear in Fair City. The new shop, formerly Christy Phelan's corner shop, was unveiled in an episode broadcast on 6 December 2011.^[75] It was RTÉ's first high-profile product placement deal, and followed the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland's decision to allow paid product placement on Irish television, in line with relaxed EU regulations.^[76] There are 450 SPAR outlets in the Republic of Ireland.^[77] RTÉ was obliged to inform viewers before each episode aired it contained product placement.^[78] RTÉ said that Fair City{{'}}s editor-in-chief would ensure there were no gratuitous references or prominence given to Spar that would not happen anyway.^[79]

Popularity and viewership

The Wire star Reg E. Cathey has expressed his interest in a part on the show, saying he would like to play "an American guy coming to meet his daughter who is now a big singer, someone like Laura Izibor."

In April 2017, Fair City began airing in Scotland on STV2 weekdays and an omnibus on STV at the weekend.

Awards

The programme was nominated for an IFTA as 'Best Television Drama' in the years 2000 and 2003. Stuart Dunne, who portrayed Billy Meehan, was nominated for an IFTA as 'Best Actor in a Television Drama' in 2003.^[84]

Pat Nolan, who plays Barry O'Hanlon, won a Rose d'Or award in the 'Best Soap Actor' category at the international Rose d'Or Festival in Switzerland on 7 May 2005.^[1] The series has also been nominated for a TVNow Award as 'Favourite Soap' in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Its first ever victory, in 2008, was matched by a second victory in 2009. Fair City won 'Best Soap in the International Entertainment' category, at the Mediamixx festival in Bulgaria in July 2007.^[2]

Controversy

RTÉ pays some Fair City cast members €432 a day, although the soap generates revenue in the region of €7m each year for RTÉ.^[85] Tommy O'Neill, the actor who plays Detective Deegan, was embroiled in a row with a taxi driver over a €10 fare in November 2011.^[86]

As a result of a storyline, school managers feared that students were starting "copycat" fight clubs in post primary schools around the country.^[87] RTÉ has also launched an investigation into how a convicted paedophile appeared as an extra in the soap.^[88] Fair City was criticised by Down's Syndrome Ireland for using the derogatory term "mongo" in the 20 January 2006 episode.^[89]

RTÉ Player and RTÉ One +1

At the launch of the RTÉ Player, Fair City was provided for one month as part of the trial service. It was later removed as the actor's union (Equity Ireland) would not agree to terms to provide the show online.^[90] On 27 May 2011, RTÉ One +1 launched on Saorview without Fair City, during the broadcast of Fair City the following announcement was made "This programme is not available on Saorview". In May 2012, this changed; and Fair City is now available on both RTÉ One +1 and RTÉ Player.^[91]

Merchandise

In 2005, script writer Brian Gallagher wrote a book about the show, entitled Inside Fair City.^[92] A 20th anniversary DVD under the title Fair City: 20 Years in Carrigstown was released in 2009.^[93]

See also

References

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2. ^¹{{cite journal| title = Issue 370| journal = TV Now| date = 10 July 2007}}
3. ^{{cite news| last = Kilkelly| first = Daniel| date = 19 October 2008| title = Keith Duffy joins Irish soap 'Fair City'| url = http://www.digitalspy.ie/soaps/s95/fair-city/news/a133071/keith-duffy-joins-irish-soap-fair-city.html| publisher = Digital Spy| accessdate = 19 October 2008}}
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web| url = http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/alls-fair-in--love-and-war-1817102.html| title = All's Fair in love and war| last = Hogan| first = Yvonne| date = 11 July 2009| publisher = Irish Independent| accessdate = 20 October 2009}}
5. ^{{cite news| last = Rowe| first = Simon| date = 26 October 2015| title = Come on down if the price is right: product placement takes a new starring role in Irish TV budgets| url = http://www.independent.ie/business/media/come-on-down-if-the-price-is-right-product-placement-takes-a-new-starring-role-in-irish-tv-budgets-34137886.html| newspaper = Irish Independent| publisher = INM}}
6. ^Nationwide, broadcast 15 September 2014
7. ^¹²{{cite news| last = Clarity| first = James F.| date = 1 April 1997| title = When Dirty Laundry Shows, Use Tougher Soaps| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/01/world/when-dirty-laundry-shows-use-tougher-soaps.html| newspaper = The New York Times| accessdate = 9 May 2014}}
8. ^RTÉ Guide, 5–11 September 2009 edition
9. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹{{cite book |last = Gallagher|first = Brian|date = 3 October 2005|title = Inside Fair City|url = https://www.amazon.co.uk/Inside-Fair-City-Brian-Gallagher/dp/0955090202|publisher = Rooney Media Graphics|isbn = 978-0955090202}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://metroeireann.com/article/all-in-good-time,2120 |title=All in good time |last= |first= |date=3 September 2009 |website=Metro Éireann |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525233337/http://metroeireann.com/article/all-in-good-time%2C2120 |archivedate=25 May 2014 |df= }}
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13. ^¹{{cite web| url = http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/why-its-success-in-the-city--for-rtes-soap-319178.html| title = Why it's success in the city for RTE's soap| last = Meagher| first = John| date = 5 January 2002| website = Irish Independent| accessdate = 16 March 2007}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/television/25-years-and-3600-episodes-the-soap-that-still-cleans-up-30580491.html|title=25 years and 3,600 episodes: the soap that still cleans up - Independent.ie|publisher=}}
15. ^{{cite web| author = | url = http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/my-pint-in-the-fair-city-local-25894969.html| title = My pint in the Fair City local ...| date = 27 October 2004| website = Irish Independent| accessdate = 9 May 2014}}
16. ^¹Tom Jordan (2009).1989-1994 chapter (Fair City: 20 Years in Carrigstown DVD).
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18. ^Celia Murphy, Pat Nolan (2009).1995-1999 chapter (Fair City: 20 Years in Carrigstown DVD).
19. ^RTÉ Guide, 18–24 April 1998 edition
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24. ^"The real McCoy" Irish Independent. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/rts-fair-city-criticised-for-monster-baby-plot-26247766.html|title=RTÉ's Fair City criticised for 'monster baby' plot - Independent.ie|publisher=}}
26. ^Sunday Tribune - 22 November 2009
27. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/why-i-wont-let-cancer-beat-me-303501.html | work=Irish Independent | title=Why I won't let cancer beat me}}
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33. ^{{cite news|first=Evelyn |last=Ring |url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/archives/2006/0331/ireland/eating-disorder-unit-aims-to-treat-120-a-year-621934157.html |title=Eating disorder unit aims to treat 120 a year |publisher=Irish Examiner |date=2006-03-31 |accessdate=2014-05-09}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/tv/theafternoonshow/2005/0209/jamiebelton.html |title=Jamie Belton |work=The Afternoon Show |publisher=RTÉ One |date=2005-02-09 |accessdate=2014-05-09}}
35. ^Jenny Kavanagh (2009). 2005-2009 chapter (Fair City: 20 Years in Carrigstown DVD).
36. ^{{cite news |title=Off-screen drama on 'Fair City' |url=http://www.rte.ie/tv50/essays/claudiacarroll.html |date= |publisher=RTÉ News |accessdate=2014-04-19}}
37. ^Martina Stanley (2009). 2005-2009 chapter (Fair City: 20 Years in Carrigstown DVD).
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