| 词条 | Fat Thursday |
| 释义 |
|holiday_name =Fat Thursday |nickname = |image = |caption = |celebrations =Feasting |longtype =Christian, cultural |type =German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Spanish |significance =Celebration period before fasting season of Lent |relatedto =Carnival, Fat Tuesday |date =5 days before Shrove Tuesday and Mardi Gras, 6 days before Ash Wednesday, 52 days before Easter |date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Fat Thursday |year={{LASTYEAR}} |format=infobox}} |date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Fat Thursday |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} |format=infobox |cite=y}} |date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Fat Thursday |year={{NEXTYEAR}} |format=infobox}} |date{{NEXTYEAR|2}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Fat Thursday |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} |format=infobox}} |frequency =Annual }} Fat Thursday[1] is a traditional Christian feast marking the last Thursday before Lent and is associated with the celebration of Carnival. Because Lent is a time of fasting, the days leading up to Ash Wednesday provide the last opportunity for feasting until Laetare Sunday,[2][3] and after that not until Easter. Traditionally it is a day dedicated to eating, when people meet in their homes or cafés with their friends and relatives and eat large quantities of sweets, cakes and other meals usually not eaten during Lent. Among the most popular all-national dishes served on that day are pączki in Poland[4][5] or berliner, fist-sized donuts filled with rose hip jam, and angel wings (faworki), French dough fingers served with powdered sugar. By countryGermanyWeiberfastnacht is an unofficial holiday in the Rhineland.[6] At the majority of workplaces, work ends before noon. Celebrations start at 5:00 in Germany. In comparison with Rosenmontag, there are hardly any parades, but people wear costumes and celebrate in pubs and in the streets.[7] Beueler Weiberfastnacht ("women's carnival in Beuel") is traditionally celebrated in the Bonn district of Beuel.[8] The tradition is said to have started here in 1824, when local women first formed their own "carnival committee". The symbolic storming of the Beuel town hall is broadcast live on TV. In many towns across the state of North Rhine Westphalia, a ritual "takeover" of the town halls by local women has become tradition. Among other established customs, on that day women cut off the ties of men, which are seen as a symbol of men's status. The men wear the stumps of their ties and get a Bützchen (little kiss) as compensation.[9]Greece{{main|Tsiknopempti}}ItalyGiovedì grasso (Fat Thursday) is celebrated in Italy,[10] but it is not very different from martedì grasso (Shrove Tuesday). In Venice at the turn into the twentieth century, for example, it was marked by "masquerades, a battle of flowers on the Plaza, a general illumination and the opening of the lottery".[11] The English writer Marie Corelli mentioned "Giovedi Grasso" in her second novel, Vendetta (1886), as a day when "the fooling and the mumming, the dancing, shrieking, and screaming would be at its height."[12]PolandIn Poland, Fat Thursday is called Tłusty Czwartek. People purchase their favorite pastries from their local bakeries. Traditional foods include p%C4%85czki (doughnuts), which are large deep-fried pieces of especially rich dough, traditionally filled with plum or rose petal jam (though others are commonly used) and topped with powdered sugar, icing, or glaze.[13][14] Angel wings (faworki) are also commonly consumed on this day. SpainIn Spain this celebration is called jueves lardero, and in Catalan-speaking areas, dijous gras, a children's holiday.[15] In Albacete in central Spain, jueves lardero is celebrated with a square pastry called a bizcocho (see also Bizcocho) and a round pastry called a mona. In Aragon a meal is prepared with a special sausage from Graus while in Catalonia the tradition is to eat sweet Bunyols and Botifarra d’ou. Other traditionsSyrian Catholics have celebrated the day as "Drunkard's Thursday" with dolmas as the traditional food.[16][17]See also
Notes1. ^{{lang-de|Fetter Donnerstag}}, Schmotziger Donnerstag; or in areas where carnival is celebrated, Weiberfastnacht; {{lang-el|Τσικνοπέμπτη}} (Tsiknopempti); {{lang-pl|tłusty czwartek}}; {{lang-hu|torkos csütörtök}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737c.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Laetare Sunday|website=www.newadvent.org|accessdate=February 8, 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laetare-Sunday|title=Laetare Sunday – Christianity|publisher=|accessdate=February 8, 2018}} 4. ^Poles gorge themselves on Fat Thursday-TheNews.pl, {{cite web |url=http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/90408,Poles-gorge-themselves-on-Fat-Thursday |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-06 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423064803/http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/90408,Poles-gorge-themselves-on-Fat-Thursday |archivedate=April 23, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 5. ^Fat Thursday in Poland – Lodz Post – Poland in English {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206024832/http://lodzpost.com/entertainment/fat-thursday-in-poland-or-happy-doughnut-day/ |date=February 6, 2016 }} 6. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220268/tyrone_daily_herald/ "Attack of the Giant Bananas: Germany Kicks off Carnival"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513055143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220268/tyrone_daily_herald/ |date=May 13, 2016 }} Tyrone Daily Herald (February 7, 1996): 9. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 7. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220180/weiberfastnacht_in_1972/ "Mark in Germany"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513055133/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220180/weiberfastnacht_in_1972/ |date=May 13, 2016 }} Lake Park News (March 2, 1972): 7. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 8. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220218/weiberfastnacht_in_beuel_1959/ "This was 'Weiberfastnacht,' and Milady Held the Reins"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512235006/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220218/weiberfastnacht_in_beuel_1959/ |date=May 12, 2016 }} Salt Lake Tribune (February 6, 1959): 35. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 9. ^Petra Pluwatsch: Weiberfastnacht – Die Geschichte eines ganz besonderen Tages. KiWi, Köln, {{ISBN|978-3-462-03805-7}} 10. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4216941/fat_thursday_celebrated_by_the_romans/ "'Fat Thursday' Celebrated by the Romans"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202040359/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4216941/fat_thursday_celebrated_by_the_romans/ |date=February 2, 2017 }} Lebanon Daily News (February 27, 1930): 1. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 11. ^Dwight, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4217001/carnival_in_venice_1899/ "Carnival of Venice Opens"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513054849/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4217001/carnival_in_venice_1899/ |date=May 13, 2016 }} The Times (Philadelphia) (February 10, 1899): 7. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 12. ^Marie Corelli, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zmayCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA376&ots=mk2d3H9MS2&dq=Corelli%20Vendetta%20Giovedi%20Grasso&pg=PA376#v=onepage&q=Corelli%20Vendetta%20Giovedi%20Grasso&f=false Vendetta: A Story of One Forgotten] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118163005/https://books.google.com/books?id=zmayCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA376&ots=mk2d3H9MS2&dq=Corelli%20Vendetta%20Giovedi%20Grasso&pg=PA376 |date=January 18, 2017 }} (Floating Press 2015): 376. {{ISBN|9781776587513}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Fat Thursday & Herring Night|url=http://www.inyourpocket.com/poland/Fat-Thursday_72507f|website=inyourpocket.com|accessdate=February 7, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207153604/http://www.inyourpocket.com/poland/Fat-Thursday_72507f|archivedate=February 7, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Poland celebrates 'Fat Thursday'|url=http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/126520,Poland-celebrates-Fat-Thursday|website=thenews.pl|accessdate=February 7, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207155852/http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/126520,Poland-celebrates-Fat-Thursday|archivedate=February 7, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 15. ^Ora W. L. Slater, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220348/barcelona_childrens_day_1928/ "Thursday before Lent is Barcelona Children's Day"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513054858/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220348/barcelona_childrens_day_1928/ |date=May 13, 2016 }} El Paso Herald (June 25, 1928): 10. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 16. ^Maxine Buren, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220329/prelenten_holidays_1960/ "February Has Many Pre-Lenten Holidays"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512235444/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4220329/prelenten_holidays_1960/ |date=May 12, 2016 }} Oregon Statesman (February 13, 1960): 6. via Newspapers.com {{open access}} 17. ^[https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/recipes/view.cfm?id=26 "Catholic Recipe: Dolmas"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913004134/http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/recipes/view.cfm?id=26 |date=September 13, 2015 }} Catholic Culture.org. References{{Reflist|30em}}External links
9 : Greek traditions|German traditions|Polish traditions|European culture|Holidays based on the date of Easter|Masopust|February observances|Thursday observances|Observances about food and drink |
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