| 词条 | Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria |
| 释义 |
| name =Ferdinand II | succession =Archduke of Further Austria | image =Archduke Ferdinand II of Further Austria.jpg | caption = | reign =25 July 1564 – 24 January 1595 | coronation = | predecessor =Ferdinand I | successor =Matthias | spouse =Philippine Welser Anne Juliana Gonzaga | royal house =House of Habsburg | father =Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | mother =Anna of Hungary | issue =Margrave Andrew of Burgau Charles, Margrave of Burgau Anna, Holy Roman Empress | styles = | birth_date =14 June 1529 | birth_place =Linz, Austria | death_date ={{Death date and age|1595|1|24|1529|6|14|df=y}} | death_place = }} Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (Linz, 14 June 1529 – 24 January 1595, Innsbruck) was ruler of Further Austria including Tirol. The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was married to Philippine Welser in his first marriage. In his second marriage to Anna Juliana Gonzaga, he was the father of Anna of Tyrol, the would-be Holy Roman Empress. Life accountArchduke Ferdinand of Austria was the second son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. He was a younger brother of Emperor Maximilian II. At the behest of his father, he was put in charge of the administration of Bohemia in 1547. He also led the campaign against the Turks in Hungary in 1556. In 1557 he was secretly married to Philippine Welser, daughter of a patrician from Augsburg, with whom he had several children. The marriage was only accepted by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1559 under the condition of secrecy. The children were to receive the name "of Austria" but would only be entitled to inherit if the House of Habsburg became totally extinct in the male line, and thus the marriage had many qualities of a morganatic marriage. The sons born of this marriage received the title Margrave of Burgau, after the Margraviate of Burgau, an ancient Habsburg possession in Further Austria. The younger of the sons, who survived their father, later received the princely title of Fürst zu Burgau. After his father's death in 1564, Ferdinand became the ruler of Tirol and other Further Austrian possessions under his father's will. However, he remained governor of Bohemia in Prague until 1567 according to the wishes of his brother Maximilian II. In his own lands, Ferdinand made sure that the Catholic counter-reformation would prevail. He also was instrumental in promoting the Renaissance in central Europe and was an avid collector of art. He accommodated his world-famous collections in a museum built specifically for that purpose, making Ambras Castle Innsbruck the oldest museum in the world, and as the only Renaissance Kunstkammer of its kind to have been preserved at its original location, the Chamber of Art and Curiosities at Ambras Castle Innsbruck represents an unrivalled cultural monument.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} The collection was started during Ferdinand's time in Bohemia and he subsequently moved it to Tyrol. In particular, the Chamber of Art and Curiosities, the gallery of portraits, and the collection of armor were very expensive, leading Ferdinand to incurred a high level of debt. Part of collections remained in Innsbruck, and part ultimately was moved to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. After the death of his wife Philippine in 1580, he married Anna Caterina Gonzaga, a daughter of William I, Duke of Mantua, in 1582. Archduke Ferdinand died on 24 January 1595. Since his sons from the first marriage were not entitled to the inheritance, and the second produced only surviving daughters, Tirol was reunified with the other Habsburg lands. His daughter from the Mantuan marriage to Anna Caterina (later Anna Juliana) became Holy Roman Empress Anna, consort of Emperor Mathias, who received his Further Austrian inheritance. ChildrenHe and his first wife Philippine Welser were parents of four children:
On 14 May 1582, Ferdinand married his niece Anne Catherine. She was a daughter of William I, Duke of Mantua, and Eleonora of Austria, younger sister of Ferdinand. They were parents to three daughters:[2]
He had at least two illegitimate children: –With Anna von Obrizon:[3]
–With Johanna Lydl von Mayenburg:[4]
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria | 2 = 2. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | 3 = 3. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary | 4 = 4. Philip I of Castile[5] | 5 = 5. Joanna I of Castile[5] | 6 = 6. Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary[6] | 7 = 7. Anne of Foix-Candale[6] | 8 = 8. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor[7] | 9 = 9. Mary, Duchess of Burgundy[7] | 10 = 10. Ferdinand II of Aragon[5] | 11 = 11. Isabella I of Castile[5] | 12 = 12. Casimir IV Jagiellon[6] | 13 = 13. Elisabeth of Austria[6] | 14 = 14. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale[8] | 15 = 15. Catherine of Foix[9] | 16 = 16. Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor[10] | 17 = 17. Eleanor of Portugal[10] | 18 = 18. Charles, Duke of Burgundy[11] | 19 = 19. Isabella of Bourbon[11] | 20 = 20. John II of Aragon[12] | 21 = 21. Juana Enríquez[12] | 22 = 22. John II of Castile[13] | 23 = 23. Isabella of Portugal[13] | 24 = 24. Vladislaus II Jagiellon[14] | 25 = 25. Sophia of Halshany[14] | 26 = 26. Albert II, King of the Romans[15] | 27 = 27. Elizabeth of Luxembourg[15] | 28 = 28. John de Foix, 1st Earl of Kendal[8] | 29 = 29. Margaret de la Pole[8] | 30 = 30. Gaston IV, Count of Foix[9] | 31 = 31. Eleanor of Navarre[9] }} Notes1. ^The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of 19 November 1576 2. ^Wurzbach: Anna Katherina von Mantua, vol. 31. In: Biographisches Lexikon, Vienna 1860, p. 154. 3. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716125931/http://stamboom-boden.com/getperson.php?personID=I1083970800&tree=1 Stamboom-boden.com] 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716125944/http://stamboom-boden.com/getperson.php?personID=I1083970803&tree=1 Stamboom-boden.com] 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Joanna |volume=15}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite ADB|54|688|696|Wladislaw II.|Priebatsch, Felix|ADB:Wladislaw II.}} 7. ^1 {{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich |volume=7 |year=1861 |page=112}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=The Lord's First Night: The Myth of the Droit de Cuissage |first=Alain |last=Boureau |translator-first=Lydia G. |translator-last=Cochrane |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1995 |page=96}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Revue de l'Agenais |trans-title=Review of the Agenais |volume=4 |publisher=Société académique d'Agen |editor-first=P. |editor-last=Noubel |year=1877 |page=497}} 10. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Maximilian I. (emperor) |volume=17 |first=Arthur William |last=Holland}} 11. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |last=Poupardin |first=René |wstitle=Charles (Duke of Burgundy)|display=Charles, called {{small-caps|The Bold}}, duke of Burgundy |volume=5 |authorlink=René Poupardin}} 12. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon |volume=10}} 13. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Isabella of Castile |volume=14}} 14. ^1 {{Britannica|97968|Casimir IV, King of Poland}} 15. ^1 {{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Elisabeth von Oesterreich (Königin von Polen) |volume=6 |page=167}} External links{{Commons category-inline}}{{S-start}}{{S-bef|before=Ferdinand I}}{{S-ttl|title=Archduke of Further Austria|years=1564–1595}}{{S-aft|after=Rudolph II who allowed succession by:Mathias, Archduke of Further Austria governor appointed by Mathias: Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria}}{{s-end}}{{Austrian archdukes}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand Ii, Archduke Of Austria}} 7 : 1529 births|1595 deaths|16th-century rulers of Austria|Counts of Tyrol|16th-century House of Habsburg|Knights of the Golden Fleece|Art collectors |
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