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词条 Fiat Croma
释义

  1. First generation (1985–96)

     Facelift  Engines  Petrol  Diesel 

  2. {{anchor|Second generation}}Second generation (2005–2010)

     Safety  Facelift  Engines  Petrol  Diesel 

  3. References

  4. External links

{{More citations needed|date=November 2008}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = Fiat Croma
| image = 2010 Fiat Croma facelift.JPG
| production = 1985–1996
2005–2010
| manufacturer = Fiat
| class = Large family car
| layout = Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
| predecessor = Fiat Argenta
| successor = Fiat Marea (154)
Fiat Freemont (194)
}}

Fiat Croma is the name used for two different large family cars produced by Italian automaker Fiat, one a five door liftback built from 1985 to 1996, and the other a crossover station wagon built from 2005 to 2010. {{TOC left}}{{clear}}

First generation (1985–96)

{{Infobox automobile
| name = First generation (154)
| image = Fiat Croma front 20071102.jpg
| production = 1985–1996
| designer = Giorgetto Giugiaro
| platform = Type Four platform (Tipo Quattro)[1]
| body_style = 5-door liftback
| engine =
| transmission =
| wheelbase = {{convert|2660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4495|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1755|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1095|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} approx
| related = Saab 9000
Lancia Thema
Alfa Romeo 164
| predecessor = Fiat Argenta
| successor = Fiat Marea
| sp = uk
}}

The original Croma (Type 154) was a five door notchback liftback penned by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Ital Design and built on the Type Four platform, which was designed in cooperation between several companies and was also used for the Saab 9000, Lancia Thema and Alfa Romeo 164.[2] It was released in May 1985.

Although the other models were executive cars, the Croma was marketed in the large family car segment, replacing the Fiat Argenta in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.[3]

Facelift

The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown in Frankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber.[4]

A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ("VNT").[5] Another facelift was released in June 1993.

Production ceased in December 1996, and Fiat abandoned the large family car segment. Because the Bravo/Brava based Fiat Marea small family car debuted at the same time, it is sometimes said that the Marea replaced the Croma, but in fact Fiat never had a large family car after the Croma (until the resurrection in 2005), and Fiat eventually abandoned this segment of the worldwide market altogether.

Engines

The Croma was available with a variety of petrol and diesel engines, the former from the Fiat DOHC engine family. Base models had the 1585 cc, {{convert|83|PS|kW|abbr=on}} and 1995 cc, 90 PS (66 kW) "Controlled High Turbulence" (CHT) powerplants, followed by two fuel injected 2.0 L units, one with 120 PS (88 kW) and the other a turbocharged and intercooled version giving {{convert|155|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.

The later 2.5 L petrol V6 unit was from Alfa Romeo, but as with the 1.6 L engine, was not available in all markets. The 2.0 CHT was designed specifically to provide low fuel consumption under light and medium loads thanks to two separate inlet manifolds of different diameters.[6]

The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have a direct injection Diesel (Turbo D i.d.) engine, in 1986.[7] Other diesel engines were the Fiat's 1.9 L fitted with a turbocharger with direct injection, giving 92 PS (68 kW), and the 2499 cc unit supplied by Iveco, with a normally aspirated version giving 75 PS (55 kW) and a turbocharged one with 115 PS (85 kW). This one replaced the original 2446 cc with 100 PS (74 kW). Diesel engined variants of this car were not marketed in the United Kingdom.

Petrol

ModelEngineDisplacementPower
1.6I4 SOHC 8V1585 cc83|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
CHTI4 DOHC 8V1995 cc90|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
CHTI4 DOHC 8V1995 cc101|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e.I4 DOHC 8V1995 cc113|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e.I4 DOHC 8V1995 cc116|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e.I4 DOHC 8V1995 cc120|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e. 16VI4 DOHC 16V1995 cc137|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e. TurboI4 DOHC 8V1995 cc150|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
i.e. TurboI4 DOHC 8V1995 cc155|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
V6V6 SOHC 12V2492 cc160|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}

Diesel

ModelEngineDisplacementPower
Turbo D i.d.I4 SOHC 8V1929 cc94|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
DieselI4 SOHC 8V2499 cc75|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
Turbo DieselI4 SOHC 8V2446 cc100|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
2500 TDI4 SOHC 8V2499 cc101|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
2500 TDI4 SOHC 8V2499 cc116|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
2500 TDEI4 SOHC 8V2499 cc105|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}

{{anchor|Second generation}}Second generation (2005–2010)

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Second generation (194)
| image = Frontale3quarti FiatCroma.JPG
| production = 2005–2010 (LHD)[8]
2005–2007 (RHD)
| assembly = Cassino – Piedimonte S. Germano (Frosinone), Italy
| designer = Giorgetto Giugiaro
| platform = GM Epsilon platform
| body_style = 5-door estate
| related = Cadillac BLS
Opel Signum
Opel Vectra
Saab 9-3
| engine =
| transmission = 5- and 6-speed manual
6-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{convert|2700|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4755|mm|in||abbr=on}}
{{convert|4783|mm|in||abbr=on}} (facelift)
| width = {{convert|1775|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1600|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| weight =
| predecessor =
| successor = Fiat Freemont
Fiat Tipo Estate
| sp = uk
}}

In March 2005, Fiat announced a large crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, reminiscent of that of the Fiat Stilo, resurrecting the Croma nameplate. Again, Giugiaro styled the exterior, while the chassis was provided via the short lived link with General Motors.

The new Croma (Type 194) is therefore based on the extended variant of the GM Epsilon platform sharing components with the Opel Vectra and Saab 9-3. It went on sale in Italy in June 2005. The car was shown in the Geneva Motor Show in 2005.

Unlike the previous model, and aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for not developing a standard large family car, but developing a "Comfort Wagon",[9] an automobile with design elements of both estates and large MPVs. Its height of {{Convert|1600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} falls between the Mitsubishi Grandis and Ford S-Max large MPVs ({{convert|1655|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|1660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} respectively) and SEAT Altea XL ({{convert|1525|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}).

In February 2007, Fiat UK announced that the Croma would no longer be generally available in the United Kingdom, after less than 900 were sold in the whole of 2005. The car was still offered only on special order, with RHD models manufactured to customer specifications. Production of the second generation Croma ceased in the end of 2010.

Despite not being a showroom hit, the Croma managed to sell in quite reasonable numbers, with 65,000 sold in one year alone.[10]

Safety

The Croma has seven airbags as standard, including one knee bag for the driver. As standard, the Croma is equipped with anti-lock braking system and electronic brakeforce distribution. It has a five star EuroNCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:

{{Euro NCAP |year=2008 |description=Fiat Croma |reference_code=237 |adult_stars=5 |adult_score=34 |child_stars=4 |child_score=39 |pedestrian_stars=1 |pedestrian_score=6 }}

Facelift

The Croma got a minor facelift in November 2007, and was termed the Nuova Croma. A new grille (Bravo look) and rear bumper, as well as some material changes inside are the main differences. Fiat now designates the revised model as "Station Wagon" instead of the previously used term "Comfort Wagon".[11] The Nuova Croma was only sold in mainland Europe, not including the United Kingdom.

Engines

The Croma, built at Fiat's Cassino factory, had three trim levels and five engine options. Like the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 Ecotec 1.8 L with 140 PS (103 kW), followed by the torquier L850 Ecotec 2.2 L with 147 PS (108 kW).

However, the bulk of the sales is represented by Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and 120 PS (88 kW), 1.9 L with 16 valves and 150 PS (110 kW), and the range topper five cylinder 2.4 L 20V, with 200 PS(147 kW). The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six speed manual gearbox, six speed automatic (standard on 2.4 engines) is also available.

Petrol

ModelEngineDisplacementPowerTorque
1.8 MPI 16VI4 DOHC 16V1,796 cc140|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,300 rpm175|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 3,800 rpm
2.2 MPI 16VI4 DOHC 16V2,198 cc147|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800 rpm203|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm

Diesel

ModelEngineDisplacementPowerTorque
1.9 MultiJet 8VI4 DOHC 8V1,910 cc120|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
1.9 MultiJet 16VI4 DOHC 16V1,910 cc150|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm320|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
2.4 MultiJet 20VI5 DOHC 20V2,387 cc200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |title=Curiosidades Tipo |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |archivedate=5 March 2012 |publisher=Fiat Tipo Portugal |accessdate=30 December 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |title=Octane Model Specs |publisher=Classicandperformancecar.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311215248/http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |archivedate=11 March 2012 |df=dmy }}
3. ^Autocar Test Update 19 August 1987
4. ^{{cite journal |first=Giancarlo |last=Baghetti |title=Che diesel volete? |trans-title=Which diesel do you want? |page=19 |journal=Auto Oggi |volume=2 |number=54 |publisher=Arnoldo Mondadori Editore |location=Verona, Italy |date=17 December 1987 |language=it}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://turbo.honeywell.com/why-choose-honeywell/turbo-pioneer/ |title=Turbo Pioneer |website=honeywell.com |accessdate=2014-01-22}}
6. ^{{cite journal | title = Fiat Croma: En quête d'image | trans-title = On a quest for image | journal = L'Automobile Magazine | page = 34 | first = Jean-Claude | last = Letrou | issn = 0758-6957 |date=January 1986 | language = French | location = Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | publisher = Societé des Editions Techniques et Touristiques de France }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108154551/http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-01-08|title=Air technologies - Heritage|accessdate=2013-01-17|work=fiat.com}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.autoedizione.nl/2011/01/17/fiat-croma-uit-productie-het-einde-van-een-tijdperk/ |title=Fiat Croma uit productie; het einde van een tijdperk |website=autoedizione.nl |language=nl |accessdate=2011-04-06}}
9. ^Car Reviews: First Drives: Fiat Croma - Autoexpress
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eurocarblog.com/post/4128/fiat-freemont-to-sell-40000-and-change-the-fiat-image |title=Fiat Croma |website=eurocarblog.com |accessdate=2011-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526114847/http://www.eurocarblog.com/post/4128/fiat-freemont-to-sell-40000-and-change-the-fiat-image |archivedate=26 May 2011 |df=dmy }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/new_models/2007/fiat/nuova_croma/introduction.html |title=Nuova Fiat Croma |website=italiaspeed.com |accessdate=2007-11-13}}

External links

{{Commons category|Fiat Croma}}
  • Fiat Croma EuroNCAP results
{{Fiat}}{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

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