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词条 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
释义

  1. ASTER Bands

  2. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model

     Version 1  Version 2 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a Japanese sensor which is one of five remote sensory devices on board the Terra satellite launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999. The instrument has been collecting data since February 2000.

ASTER provides high-resolution images of the planet Earth in 14 different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from visible to thermal infrared light. The resolution of images ranges between 15 and 90 meters. ASTER data are used to create detailed maps of surface temperature of land, emissivity, reflectance, and elevation.

In April 2008, the SWIR detectors of ASTER began malfunctioning and were publicly declared non-operational by NASA in January 2009. All SWIR data collected after 1 April 2008 has been marked as unusable.[1]

The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) is available at no charge to users worldwide via electronic download.[2]

As of 2 April 2016, the entire catalogue of ASTER image data became publicly available online at no cost.[3] It can be downloaded with a free registered account from either NASA's Earth Data Search delivery system[4] or from the USGS Earth Explorer delivery system.[5]

ASTER Bands

BandLabelWavelength
(µm)		Resolution
(m)		Nadir or
Backward		Description
B1VNIR_Band10.520 - 0.6015NadirVisible green/yellow
B2VNIR_Band20.630 - 0.69015NadirVisible red
B3NVNIR_Band3N0.760–0.86015NadirNear infrared
B3BVNIR_Band3B0.760–0.86015Backward
B4SWIR_Band41.600–1.70030NadirShort-wave infrared
B5SWIR_Band52.145–2.18530Nadir
B6SWIR_Band62.185–2.22530Nadir
B7SWIR_Band72.235–2.28530Nadir
B8SWIR_Band82.295–2.36530Nadir
B9SWIR_Band92.360–2.43030Nadir
B10TIR_Band108.125–8.47590NadirLong-wave infrared
or thermal IR
B11TIR_Band118.475–8.82590Nadir
B12TIR_Band128.925–9.27590Nadir
B13TIR_Band1310.250–10.95090Nadir
B14TIR_Band1410.950–11.65090Nadir
[6]

ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model

Version 1

On 29 June 2009, the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) was released to the public.[7][8]

A joint operation between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the Global Digital Elevation Model is the most complete mapping of the earth ever made, covering 99% of its surface.[9][10]

The previous most comprehensive map, NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, covered approximately 80% of the Earth's surface,[11] with a global resolution of 90 meters,[12] and a resolution of 30 meters over the USA.

The GDEM covers the planet from 83 degrees North to 83 degrees South (surpassing SRTM's coverage of 56 °S to 60 °N), becoming the first earth mapping system that provides comprehensive coverage of the polar regions.[11] It was created by compiling 1.3 million VNIR images taken by ASTER using single-pass[13] stereoscopic correlation techniques,[7] with terrain elevation measurements taken globally at 30-meter (98 ft) intervals.[9]

Despite the high nominal resolution, however, some reviewers have commented that the true resolution is considerably lower, and not as good as that of SRTM data, and serious artifacts are present.[14][15]

Some of these limitations have been confirmed by METI and NASA, who point out that the current version of the GDEM product is "research grade".[16]

Version 2

{{expand section|date=October 2011}}

During October 2011, version 2 of Global Digital Elevation Model was publicly released.[17] This is considered an improvement upon version 1. These improvements include increased horizontal and vertical accuracy,[18] better horizontal resolution, reduced presence of artifacts, and more realistic values over water bodies.[2] However, one reviewer still regards the Aster version 2 dataset, although showing 'a considerable improvement in the effective level of detail', to still be regarded as 'experimental or research grade' due to presence of artefacts.[19]

A 2014 study[18] showed that over rugged mountainous terrain the ASTER version 2 data set can be a more accurate representation of the ground than the SRTM elevation model.

See also

  • Ground sample distance
  • Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

References

1. ^https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/about/news_archive/aster_user_advisory_updated_january_14_2009
2. ^1 {{cite web|title=METI and NASA Release Version 2 ASTER Global DEM|url=https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/about/news_archive/meti_and_nasa_release_version_2_aster_global_dem|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey / NASA LP DAAC|accessdate=21 December 2013}}
3. ^https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-japan-make-aster-earth-data-available-at-no-cost
4. ^https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search
5. ^https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
6. ^https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/characteristics.asp
7. ^1 {{cite web |title=ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map |publisher=NASA |date=29 June 2009 |url=http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp |accessdate=2009-06-30| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090703003436/http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp| archivedate= 3 July 2009 | deadurl= no}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=ASTER Imagery |publisher=NASA |date=29 June 2009 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/20090629.html |accessdate=2009-06-30}}
9. ^1 {{cite web |title=Most complete earth map published |publisher=BBC News |date=30 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8126197.stm |accessdate=2009-07-01}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=Nasa satellite map reveals 99% of Earth's land surface for first time |publisher=Daily Mail |date=1 July 2009 |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1196475/Nasas-Aster-satellite-map-reveals-99-Earths-land-surface-time.html |accessdate=2009-07-01}}
11. ^1 {{cite web |title=NASA, Japan publish detailed map of Earth |publisher=Canada.com |date=30 June 2009 |url=http://www.canada.com/Technology/NASA+Japan+publish+detailed+Earth/1747699/story.html |accessdate=2009-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704010544/http://www.canada.com/technology/NASA+Japan+publish+detailed+Earth/1747699/story.html |archive-date=4 July 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/2.html |title=What is ASTER? |accessdate=2009-07-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427215109/http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/2.html |archivedate=27 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Nikolakopoulos |first1=K. G. |last2=Kamaratakis |first2=E. K |last3=Chrysoulakis |first3=N. |date=10 November 2006 |title=SRTM vs ASTER elevation products. Comparison for two regions in Crete, Greece |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=27 |issue=21 |pages=4819–4838 |issn=0143-1161 |url=http://www.iacm.forth.gr/_docs/pubs/4/Nikolakopoulos_et_al_2006.pdf |accessdate=1 July 2009 |doi=10.1080/01431160600835853 |bibcode=2006IJRS...27.4819N |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721081314/http://www.iacm.forth.gr/_docs/pubs/4/Nikolakopoulos_et_al_2006.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2011 }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/reviews.html#aster|title=Virtual Earth Products Reviews|accessdate=2009-07-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090531011246/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/reviews.html| archivedate= 31 May 2009 | deadurl= no}}
15. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hirt|first1=C.|last2=Filmer|first2=M.S. |last3=Featherstone|first3=W.E.|date=2010|title=Comparison and validation of recent freely-available ASTER-GDEM ver1, SRTM ver4.1 and GEODATA DEM-9S ver3 digital elevation models over Australia.|journal=Australian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=57|issue=3|pages=337–347|url=http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R?func=dbin-jump-full&local_base=gen01-era02&object_id=137777|accessdate=5 May 2012|bibcode = 2010AuJES..57..337H |doi = 10.1080/08120091003677553 }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/4.html|title=METI and NASA Release ASTER Global DEM|accessdate=2009-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529050255/http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/4.html|archivedate=29 May 2009|deadurl=yes|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/4.html|title=Release of ASTER GDEM Version 2|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529050255/http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/4.html|archivedate=29 May 2009|df=}}
18. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Rexer|first1=M.|last2=Hirt|first2=C.|date=2014|title=Comparison of free high-resolution digital elevation data sets (ASTER GDEM2, SRTM v2.1/v4.1) and validation against accurate heights from the Australian National Gravity Database|journal=Australian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=61|issue=2|pages=213|url=http://geodesy.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/Rexer_Hirt_2014_DEM_AJES_av.pdf|accessdate=24 April 2014|doi=10.1080/08120099.2014.884983|bibcode=2014AuJES..61..213R|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607102637/http://geodesy.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/Rexer_Hirt_2014_DEM_AJES_av.pdf|archivedate=7 June 2016|df=}}
19. ^{{cite web|last=de Ferranti|first=Jonathan|title=ASTER Digital Elevation Data|url=http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/reviews.html#aster|publisher=Viewfinder Panoramas, UK|accessdate=21 December 2013}}

External links

{{Commons category|Photos by ASTER}}
  • {{Official website|http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov }}
  • [https://terra.nasa.gov/about/terra-instruments/aster NASA site on ASTER]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090704214738/http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/ Official METI ASTER GDEM Site]
  • Official NASA ASTER GDEM Site
{{Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites}}{{Jet Propulsion Laboratory}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission And Reflection Radiometer}}

7 : Satellite meteorology and remote sensing|Radiometry|Space science experiments|Geographic information systems|Digital elevation models|Spacecraft instruments|Satellite imagery
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