| 词条 | Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa |
| 释义 |
Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (or Wayekwaa-gichigamiing Gichigamiwininiwag in the Ojibwe language, meaning "Lake Superior Men at the far end of the Great Lake") is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) band located near Cloquet, Minnesota. Their land-base is the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Ojibwe language: Nagaajiwanaang), located mainly in Carlton and Saint Louis County, Minnesota, 20 miles west of Duluth. They are one of six bands who comprise the federally recognized Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, which was organized in 1934 under a new constitution. In July 2007, their enrolled members numbered 4,044. HistoryThe Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa originally inhabited the area along the lower courses of the Saint Louis River, where the present-day cities of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin developed. The Wayekwaa-gichigamiing controlled the river access to both the Saint Louis and the Nemadji River rivers, major trade-routes during the decades of the fur trade with European traders. In the same area is Spirit Island of the "Sixth Stopping Place", one of the former seven Anishinaabe administrative centers. The Fond du Lac Band's regional economic influence helped establish the American Fur Company's trading post in what now is the Fond du Lac neighborhood of Duluth. Two different Treaties of Fond du Lac were signed by the Fond du Lac Band. TodayFond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is one of six members of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (MCT), from which it receives certain administrative services and support. The tribal government issues its own license plates. In the 2000 United States Census, the reservation recorded a population of 3,728 people and in July, 2007, MCT reported 4,044 people enrolled through Fond du Lac. The largest community on the reservation is the city of Cloquet, of which only the sparsely populated western half of the city is on reservation land. That part has a population of 1,204 persons out of the city's total of 11,201. The only community completely on the reservation is Brookston, at the reservation's northern end. The tribe operates two casinos, the Fond du Luth Casino in Duluth and the Black Bear Casino Resort on the reservation. An agreement signed with the City of Duluth, in which property with-in city limits was given to the tribe to build the Fond du Luth Casino in return for profit sharing $6 million, approximately 20%, from slot machine gross revenue, was agreed upon in 1994. Profits are no longer shared with the city due to violation of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. This decision has been widely controversial, but each battle in court has seen the Band prevailing. GovernmentThe revised Constitution and By-Laws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe were approved by the Secretary of Interior on March 3, 1964. The governing body of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation is the Reservation Business Committee, which is composed of a Chairman, Secretary-Treasurer, and three Representatives: one from District I (Cloquet), one from District II (Sawyer) and one from District III (Brookston). All are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with the Chairman and Secretary-Treasurer also serving as members of the Executive Committee of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. The current members of the Reservation Business Committee are:
In August 2018, the Duluth News Tribune Newspaper broke a story/report that the Fond Du Lac Band was open to working with Enbridge Energy Inc, an Energy and Pipeline Corporation headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta to allow the new Enbridge Line 3 Replacement Pipeline route cross through the reservation next to the companies other 6 pipelines that cross the reservation. 1 Month later in September 2018, Enbridge Inc announced in a press release that they reached an agreement with the Fond Du Lac Band Government(Reservation Business Committee). The Line 3 Pipeline Replacement Route will be the Route Segment Alternative (RSA 22) option, crossing the reservation alongside the other 6 pipelines the company currently operates. The Fond Du Lac Band Reservation Business Committee consisting of the Chairman, Secretary/Treasurer, and the 3 Dist 1, Dist 2, Dist 3, Committeeman voted 4-0 (4 for 0 against) on a Motion to approve the Enbridge RSA 22 Agreement, also granting a 30 Year Easment on the new pipeline in exchange for a $260,000,000 Cash Settlement with the company. Notable members
See also
References1. ^Roberts, Kathaleen. "Birch Bark Biting, One of the Rarest of Native American Art Forms, Will Be Featured at Showcase." Albuquerque Journal. 19 Nov 2007. Retrieved 22 Dec 2011. External links
8 : Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa|Chippewa|Ojibwe governments|Native American tribes in Minnesota|Native American tribes in Wisconsin|Carlton County, Minnesota|St. Louis County, Minnesota|Douglas County, Wisconsin |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。