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词条 Foreign relations of Switzerland
释义

  1. History

     United Nations  Support of UN sanctions  EU and other international organizations  Participation in peacekeeping  Representation of foreign entities and in foreign disputes 

  2. Diplomatic representations

  3. Bilateral relations

     Africa  Americas  Asia  Europe  Oceania 

  4. See also

  5. Notes and references

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}{{Politics of Switzerland}}

The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland.

History

The Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the preservation of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the supreme objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution sets five specific foreign policy objectives:

  • further the peaceful coexistence of nations;
  • promote respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of the law;
  • promote Swiss economic interests abroad;
  • alleviate need and poverty in the world;
  • promote preservation of natural resources.

These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of international law, particularly humanitarian law.

Traditionally, Switzerland has avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action. Only in recent years have the Swiss broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union and joined the United Nations very late compared to its European neighbours.

Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as a neutral intermediary and host to major international treaty conferences. The country has no major dispute in its bilateral relations.

Switzerland (mainly Geneva) is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organisations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross. One of the first international organisations, the Universal Postal Union, is located in Bern.

United Nations

On 10 September 2002, Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, after a referendum supporting full membership won in a close vote six months earlier;

Swiss voters had rejected membership by a 3-to-1 margin in 1986. The 2002 vote made Switzerland the first country to join based on a popular vote.

Prior to its formal accession to the United Nations, Switzerland had maintained an observer role at the UN's General Assembly and its Economic and Social Council. Prior to full membership it had no right to a seat as one of the elected members of the UN Security Council.

Switzerland has fully participated within many of the UN's specialised institutions, including the Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Environment Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, and the Universal Postal Union. Switzerland has also furnished military observers and medical teams to several UN operations.{{Which|date=April 2018}}

Switzerland is a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Support of UN sanctions

The Swiss government on 25 June 2003, eased most of the sanctions against the Republic of Iraq in accord with UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1483. The government lifted the trade embargo, flight restrictions, and financial sanctions in place since August 1990. The weapons embargo and the asset freeze, the scope of which was extended, remain in force, and restrictions on the trade in Iraqi cultural goods were newly imposed. Though not a member at the time, Switzerland had joined UN sanctions against Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait.

Switzerland also has joined UN economic sanctions imposed on Libya, Sierra Leone, UNITA (Angola), Liberia, and Serbia/Montenegro. On 15 October 2003, the Federal Council ended the import restrictions on raw diamonds from Sierra Leone and lifted sanctions against Libya.

Switzerland in October 2000 implemented an ordinance to enforce UN sanctions against the Taliban (UNSCR 1267), which it subsequently amended in April 2001 in accord with tighter UN regulations (UNSCR 1333). On 2 May 2002, the Swiss Government eased the sanctions regime in accord with UNSCR 1388 and 1390, lifting the ban on the sale of acetic acid (used in drug production), Afghan airlines, and Afghan diplomatic representations. The weapons embargo, travel restrictions, and financial sanctions remain in force.

The Swiss Government in November 2001 issued an ordinance declaring illegal the terrorist organisation Al-Qaida as well as possible successor or supporting organisations. More than 200 individuals or companies linked to international terrorism have been blacklisted to have their assets frozen. Thus far, Swiss authorities have blocked about 72 accounts totalling U.S.$22.6 million.

EU and other international organizations

{{abbreviations|section|date=January 2012}}

Switzerland is a member of many international organisations, including the World Trade Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Free Trade Association, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, and INTELSAT. Its central bank is a member of the Bank for International Settlements, based in Basel.

Switzerland is an active participant in the OSCE, its foreign minister serving as Chairman-in-Office for 1996. Switzerland also is an active participant in the major nonproliferation and export control regimes.

Although it is surrounded by member nations, Switzerland is not a member nation of the European Union. In 1992 Swiss voters approved membership in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, but later that year rejected the European Economic Area agreement, which the government viewed as a first step toward European Union membership. The Swiss instead take part in the European single market and Schengen through bilateral treaties.

(More complete list of memberships):

ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, CGPM, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (World Bank), ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICDO, ICFTU, ICMM, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFCS, IFRCS, IGC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, IWC, LAIA (observer), NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIE, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, PFP, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC.

{{Clear}}

Participation in peacekeeping

While the Swiss electorate did reject a government proposition to directly deploy Swiss troops as UN peacekeepers (the Blue Helmets) in 1994, a total of 23 Swiss personnel including police and military observers (the Blue Berets) have served or are now serving for the United Nations. These dispositions are impartial, clearly defined and cover a number of UN projects around the globe.[2]

In 1996 Switzerland joined NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and deployed Yellow Berets to support the OSCE in Bosnia. In June 2001, Swiss voters approved new legislation providing for the deployment of armed Swiss troops for international peacekeeping missions under UN or OSCE auspices as well as closer international cooperation in military training.

Since 1999, the Swiss army is participating through SWISSCOY in the peace keeping mission of the Kosovo Force (KFOR) based on UN-resolution 1244, with prolonged presence until 2014, after approval by the Swiss federal assembly in Spring 2011. Main duties include the supervision of civilian reconstruction efforts, monitoring and protection of patrimonial sites, military police and medical assistance.[3]

Representation of foreign entities and in foreign disputes

Switzerland also, represented Cuba in the United States between 1991 and 2015.[4]

Under a series of treaties concluded after the First World War, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the rulation of its customs.

Due to its long-standing neutrality, Switzerland has served as the protecting power for many countries ,that did not have diplomatic relations with each other, This reached an apex during the Second World War, when Switzerland formally undertook 219 mandates for 35 states, and represented another eight states unofficially[5] After the Second World War, Switzerland served an additional 67 mandates for various countries, including those between Cuba and other nations in the Western Hemisphere after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, between Middle Eastern nations following the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and between India and Pakistan prior to the formalization of relations in 1976.

Today, Switzerland has six protecting power mandates:

  • United States interests in both Cuba (until 2015) and Iran
  • Cuban interest in the United States (until 2015)
  • Iranian interests in Egypt and Saudi Arabia
  • Georgian and Russian interests with each other

Switzerland played a key role in brokering a truce agreement between the Sudanese Government and Sudan People's Liberation Army for the Nuba Mountains region, signed after a week's negotiations taking place near Lucerne in January 2002. Switzerland has also sent services to allied troops in the War in Afghanistan.[6]

Switzerland is also playing a major role in Palestinian politics, trying to act as a mediator between Fatah and Hamas regarding the integration of employees in Gaza. The Swiss diplomatic efforts lead to an agreement called "the Swiss Document" which initially was approved by both Palestinian parties.[7]

Diplomatic representations

  • Diplomatic representations of Switzerland: Official list
  • Diplomatic representations in Switzerland: Official list

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Cape Verde}}1980

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980.[8]

Comoros}}1977
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1977.[9]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
Egypt}}See Egypt–Switzerland relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Cairo.
Kenya}}See Kenya–Switzerland relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Switzerland from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Lesotho}}1967

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.[10]

South Africa}}See South Africa–Switzerland relations
  • South Africa has an embassy in Bern and a general consualte in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Pretoria and a general consulate in Cape Town.
  • South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Switzerland
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with South Africa
Swaziland }}1968

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1968.[11]

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina }}1834See Argentina–Switzerland relations

Diplomatic relations were established in 1834, with the opening of a Swiss consulate in Buenos Aires, followed in 1891 by the opening of an embassy.

  • Argentina has an embassy in Bern.[12]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.[13]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110531181540/http://www.mrecic.gov.ar/portal/seree/ditra/ch.html List of Treaties ruling relations Argentina and Switzerland (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish)]
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Argentina
Belize}}1988
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1988.[14]
  • Switzerland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and since 1996 an honorary consulate in Belize City.[14]
Brazil }}
  • Brazil has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Brasilia.
Canada }}1945See Canada–Switzerland relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Bern and a consulate in Geneva.[15]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.[16]
Cuba}}
  • Cuba has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Havana.
Mexico }}1827See Mexico–Switzerland relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bern.[17]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City.[18]
  • Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Nicaragua}}1956See Nicaragua–Switzerland relations
  • Switzerland has a Consulate-General in Managua, Nicaragua. The Swiss embassy in San José, Costa Rica, is responsible for diplomatic relations with Nicaragua.[19]
  • Nicaragua has a Consulate-General in Geneva, Switzerland only responsible for consular services. The Nicaraguan embassy in from its embassy in Vienna, Austria is responsible for diplomatic relations with Switzerland.
  • Relations with Nicaragua and Switzerland focus on development cooperation, humanitarian aid and trade.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines }}1985

Both countries established consular relations in 1985 and diplomatic relations in 2001.[20]

Suriname }}1979

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979[21].

United States }}1853See Switzerland–United States relations

The first official U.S.-Swiss consular relations were established in the late 1820s. Diplomatic relations were established in 1853 by the U.S. and in 1868 by Switzerland. The U.S. ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to the Principality of Liechtenstein.

The U.S. Embassy in Switzerland is in Bern. The U.S. Mission to the European Office of the United Nations and other International Organizations, the U.S. Mission to the WTO, and the U.S. Delegation to the Conference on Disarmament are in Geneva. America Centers and Consular Agencies are also maintained in Zürich and Geneva.

Uruguay }}1828See Switzerland–Uruguay relations

Both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations, and they established diplomatic relations in 1828.[22][23] Uruguay became a popular destination for Swiss migrants starting in the 1860s.[24] In 1931 Uruguay called for a Swiss style parliamentary system.[25] In the twentieth century, Uruguay has looked to Switzerland as a model for government, historical and cultural ties go back to at least the nineteenth century.[26] There are 956 people with Swiss passports residing in Uruguay in 2009.[27] Uruguay was described as the "Switzerland of the Americas" in a 1951 The New York Times article for its popularity as a haven for capital fleeing Europe at the time and its adoption of Swiss-inspired banking laws.[28] Thomas J. Knight also wrote that "Uruguay has for most of its history been the 'Switzerland' of South America."[29]

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Armenia}}See Armenia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Armenia as an independent state on 23 December 1991. The two countries have maintained diplomatic relations ever since. The Armenian ambassador to Switzerland and the Swiss ambassador to Armenia (based in Tbilisi, Georgia) were both accredited in 2002. The Armenian ambassador to Switzerland is based in Geneva, in the Armenian representation to the United Nations.

  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia
Azerbaijan}}See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bern[30]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Baku.[31]
China}}See China–Switzerland relations
  • China has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
India}}1948See India–Switzerland relations
  • Switzerland has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate in Bangalore and Mumbai.[32]
  • India has an embassy in Bern and consulates in Geneva and Zurich.[33]

India is one of Switzerland's most important partners in Asia. Bilateral and political contacts are constantly developing, and trade and scientific cooperation between the two countries are flourishing.[34] Switzerland was the first country in the World to sign a Friendship treaty with India in 1947.[35]

Iran }}1919See Iran–Switzerland relations

Switzerland and Iran have greatly reduced their bilateral economic cooperation since the UN Security Council took up Iran's nuclear enrichment program in 2005.[36]

Iraq}}See Iraq–Switzerland relations

In November 2000 Switzerland opened a diplomatic liaison office in Baghdad to safeguard its interests. Bilateral relations became closer after the Iraq War in 2003. Today Iraq has an embassy in Bern and Switzerland has a representative office in Baghdad.

Israel}}See Israel–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Israel on 25 January 1949 and opened a consulate in Tel Aviv. Israel has an embassy in Bern. Since 1958, Switzerland has an embassy in Tel Aviv and an honorary consulate in Eilat.[37] But recently, relations have been strained, due to the 2009 Durban Review Conference, which Israel had recalled its ambassador to Switzerland.[38]

  • See also History of the Jews in Switzerland
  • Israeli embassy in Bern (in French, German and Italian only)
  • Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Israel
Japan }}1864-02-06See Foreign relations of Japan
Kyrgyzstan}}1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.[39]

Malaysia }}1963See Malaysia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[40] and Malaysia has an embassy in Bern.[41] The diplomatic relations has been established since 1963.[42]

North Korea }}December 1974[43]See Foreign relations of North Korea
  • North Korea has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Pyongyang.[44]
Pakistan }}

Switzerland recognised Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, and the two states established diplomatic relations in 1949.[45] Switzerland ranks fifth in terms of foreign direct investment in Pakistan.[46][47] Pakistan has an embassy in Bern, whilst Switzerland has an embassy in Islamabad, a Consulate-General in Karachi and an honorary consulate in Lahore.

Palestine }}

Switzerland recognised Palestine's independence, and the two states established diplomatic relations.

Palestine has an embassy in Bern.

Philippines}}1956

Bilateral ties between the Philippines and Switzerland dates back to the early 19th century when Swiss traders, missionaries and travelers went to Southeast Asia. A Swiss representation in the Philippines was proposed in 1851, which was realized with the opening of a Swiss honorary consulate in Manila in 1862. Formal relations was established between the two countries on 30 August 1956.[48] The Philippines has an embassy in Bern and Switzerland has an embassy in Manila.

Singapore}}
  • Singapore has an embassy/general consulate in Châtelaine near Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy/general consulate in Singapore.
  • [https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/representations-and-travel-advice/singapore/switzerland-singapore.html Bilateral relations Switzerland–Singapore]
South Korea }}11 February 1963[49]See South Korea–Switzerland relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Switzerland began on 11 February 1963.
  • South Korea and Switzerland have had a close relationship since the Korean War.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Seoul.
Tajikistan }}1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 9, 1992.[50]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Albania }}1 March 1922[51]
  • Albania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tirana.

See Albanians in Switzerland

Austria}}1687See Austria–Switzerland relations
Belarus }}1992
  • Switzerland recognized Belarus on 23 December 1991.
  • Since 1992, the Swiss ambassador in Poland has also been accredited in Minsk. Switzerland has a consulate in Minsk.[52]
  • Belarus has an embassy in Bern.[53]
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus
Denmark }}1875See Denmark–Switzerland relations
European Union }}1972See Switzerland–European Union relations
France }}April 1521See France–Switzerland relations
Germany }}1871See Germany–Switzerland relations
Ireland }}
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
Italy }}1868See Italy–Switzerland relations
Kosovo }}See Kosovo–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Kosovo on 27 February 2008.[54] Switzerland has an embassy in Pristina since 28 March 2008.[55] Kosovo will open an embassy in Bern. In September 2008, Swiss authorities initially expressed reservation for Designate Ambassador Naim Mala due to his double nationality[56] but latter accepted him. Switzerland currently has 212 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force.[57]

Liechtenstein }}See Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations
Moldova }}1992-09-02See Moldova–Switzerland relations
  • Moldova is represented in Switzerland through its embassy to the United Nations in Geneva.
  • Switzerland is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Kiev (Ukraine) and an honorary consulate in Chişinău.
  • Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration about relations with Switzerland
  • Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Moldova
North Macedonia}}31 January 1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 31, 1994[58].

Poland }}
  • Poland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Warsaw.
Romania }}See Romania–Switzerland relations

Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss Francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million Francs in 2006-2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania.[59] In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss Francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss Francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in South-West Europe.[60] By 2006, this had increased by 26% from Romania and 38% from Switzerland.[61]

Russia }}1816See Russia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946. Russia has an embassy in Bern and a Consulate-General in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Moscow and since 2006, a Consulate-General in Saint Petersburg.

Serbia }}1916See Serbia–Switzerland relations
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Belgrade.[62]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Bern and 2 general consulates (in Geneva and Zürich).[63][64]
  • There are around 186,000 people of Serbian descent living in Switzerland.[65] The Serbs are the fourth largest foreign population in Switzerland.
  • Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Switzerland
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Serbia
Spain }}
  • Spain has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Madrid.
Ukraine }}See Switzerland–Ukraine relations
  • Contacts between Switzerland and Ukraine go back to Tsarist times.
  • Switzerland recognized Ukraine in 1991 and immediately opened an embassy in Kiev.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Bern.[66]
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Ukraine
United Kingdom }}See Switzerland–United Kingdom relations
  • Switzerland has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Bern.

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia }}1961See Australia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Sydney in 1855 and one in Melbourne in 1856. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961. Australia is represented to Switzerland through its embassy in Berlin (Germany) and Australia also has a consulate-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Canberra, a consulate-general in Sydney and 6 honorary consulates in Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne and Perth.

  • Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Switzerland
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Australia
New Zealand }}1963

Switzerland opened a consulate in Auckland in 1912. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963. New Zealand is represented to Switzerland through its embassy in Berlin (Germany). Switzerland has an embassy in Wellington.

  • [https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/europe/switzerland/ New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Switzerland]
  • [https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/new-zealand/en/home.html Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with New Zealand]
Papua New Guinea}}1976

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1976[67].

Samoa}}1981

Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 1, 1981.[68][69]

Solomon Islands}}2007

Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 2007.[70]

See also

  • Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland
  • List of diplomatic missions in Switzerland
  • List of diplomatic missions of Switzerland
  • Politics of Switzerland

Notes and references

1. ^{{fr icon}} François Modoux, "La Suisse engagera 300 millions pour rénover le Palais des Nations", Le Temps, Friday 28 June 2013, page 9.
2. ^International peace-keeping operations. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/vtg/en/home/themen/einsaetze/peace/swisscoy.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-12-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204002631/http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/vtg/en/home/themen/einsaetze/peace/swisscoy.html |archivedate=4 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }} Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
4. ^"{{cite journal | title = La voix suisse des Etats-Unis à Cuba se tait | journal = Le Temps | date = 11 September 2015 | language = fr | url = https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2015/09/11/voix-suisse-etats-unis-cuba-se-tait | issn=1423-3967 | access-date = 17 February 2016}}
5. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Schelbert |first1=Leo |article=Good offices |title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland |year=2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442233522 |page=153}}
6. ^http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/groupgst/en/home/peace/peace/laufende/afghanistan/factsheet.html{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=The Swiss Role in Palestinian Politics|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/palestine/history-past-to-present/the-swiss-role-in-palestinian-politics/|website=Fanack.com|accessdate=20 April 2015}}
8. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/laender-reise-information/kap_verde/schweiz-kap-verde.html]
9. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/comoros/switzerland-comoros.html]
10. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/lesotho/switzerland-lesotho.html]
11. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/swaziland/switzerland-swaziland.html]
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esuiz.mrecic.gob.ar|title=Embajada de la República Argentina en Confederación Suiza|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/buenosaires|title=Embajada de Suiza en Argentina|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
14. ^1 [https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/laender-reise-information/belize/schweiz-belize.html]
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/switzerland-suisse/|title=Government of Canada - Gouvernement du Canada|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/ottawa|title=Embassy of Switzerland in Canada|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suiza/|title=Bienvenidos a la portada|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/mexico#|title=Embajada de Suiza en México|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
19. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/representations-and-travel-advice/nicaragua/switzerland-nicaragua.html]
20. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/st-vincent-and-the-grenadine/switzerland-st-vincent-and-the-grenadine.encoded-Show=1&print=1.html]
21. ^[https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/suriname/switzerland-suriname.html]
22. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/dokumentation/red/archiv/reden_christoph_blocher/2007/2007-04-17.html |title=Uruguay and Switzerland — cultural and economic Benefits from new Market opportunities |accessdate=14 May 2009 |quote=Switzerland and Uruguay feature relatively stable and reliable democracies. And both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations. ... This Swiss settlement was soon to become known for the exceptional quality of its cheese and other dairy products. As transport developed, the farmers began selling their products on an unprecedented scale, notably to Argentina and even to Switzerland. ... Uruguay and Switzerland laid down the cornerstone of their cooperation in 1938: The two countries signed a trade agreement aimed to enhance commercial cooperation. And in 1991, an agreement on the mutual protection of investments became effective. |publisher=Mercosur |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002103119/http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/dokumentation/red/archiv/reden_christoph_blocher/2007/2007-04-17.html |archivedate=2 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/sameri/vury/biluru.html |title=Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Uruguay |accessdate=14 May 2009 |quote=The independent Republic of Uruguay came into being in 1828 and became a popular destination for Swiss migrants. It was German-Swiss farmers who in 1862-63 founded the colony of Nueva Helvecia. They introduced cheese-making and other agricultural innovations. Immigrants from Ticino were successful as skilled builders, artists and also footballers. |publisher=Switzerland }}
24. ^{{Cite news|first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Uruguay to Honor the Swiss |quote= |work=The New York Times |date=4 June 1944 }}
25. ^{{Cite news|first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=President Calls for Commission Government Like Switzerland's to Overcome Defects. |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0610FF3B5F11738DDDA80A94D1405B818FF1D3 |quote=President Terra said today that Uruguay's experiment with the commission form of government, with divided executive power, had failed and the time had arrived to rewrite the Constitution and adopt a commission form like that of Switzerland or abolish the ... |work=The New York Times |date=21 September 1931 |accessdate=14 May 2009 }}
26. ^{{Cite book|last=Lijphart |first=Arend |authorlink=Arend Lijphart |coauthors= |title=Democracy in plural societies |year=1980 |publisher=Yale University Press |quote=Switzerland and republican Austria have not been colonial powers, but some attention should be paid to the case of Uruguay for which Swiss democracy served ... | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5U5RTR9IklEC&pg=PA213& |isbn=0-300-02494-0 }}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/sameri/vury/stauru.html |title=Key data for the Oriental Republic of Uruguay |accessdate=14 May 2009 |quote= |publisher=Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs }}
28. ^{{Cite news|first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Gold Flows to 'Switzerland of Americas' Since Korean War |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/01/03/archives/uruguay-a-haven-for-refugee-sums-gold-flows-to-switzerland-of.html |quote=Uruguay's role as the "Switzerland of the Americas" was emphasized late in 1950 as ... |work=The New York Times |date=3 January 1951 |accessdate=14 May 2009 }}
29. ^Thomas J. Knight, Latin America comes of age (Scarecrow Press, 1979), 24.
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41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/che_berne/home |title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Bern|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia|accessdate=7 February 2014}}
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69. ^ 
70. ^ 

External links

  • Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs.
  • Swiss Diplomatic Documents (DDS)
  • Switzerland and the United Nations
  • Bilateral relations Switzerland - Liechtenstein
  • The Geneva School of Diplomacy & International Relations
{{Foreign relations of Switzerland}}{{Switzerland topics}}{{Foreign relations of Europe}}{{Portal bar|Politics|Switzerland}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Switzerland}}

3 : Foreign relations of Switzerland|Government of Switzerland|Politics of Switzerland
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