“Valley Forge Pilgrimage”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Valley Forge Pilgrimage and Encampment is the oldest annual Scouting event in the World.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} It was first held on February 22, 1913 (George Washington's 181st birthday), and has been held every year since.^[1] The event is hosted by the Cradle of Liberty Council and commemorates the soldiers of the Continental Army who braved the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Each year more than 2,000 brave the winter chill of the Delaware Valley to participate.

History

Typical attendance ranged from 125 to 275 Scouts and leaders until the Great Depression. The event has been held every year, even during the Depression and World War II, though the event was then held at a reduced scale. In the early years, Scouts traveled to Valley Forge by train and foot, arriving at the Valley Forge Train Station.

The event was organized by an Episcopal priest, Rev. Dr. W. Herbert Burk of Norristown.^[3] Burk had also been instrumental in building the Washington Memorial Chapel at Valley Forge. Burk continued to be involved in the planning for the annual pilgrimage for the next two decades. The term "pilgrimage" was chosen because every participating troop lined up in formation with their flags and paraded to the chapel for the memorial service for George Washington.

The first official overnight Valley Forge Encampment in connection with a pilgrimage was in 1948. Prior to that there were many unofficial campouts on the site, as the area was relatively rural and unpopulated. General John Pershing and Daniel Carter Beard have both been featured guests. The biggest crowd was at the 1932 pilgrimage, which marked Washington's 200th birthday. An estimated 9,000 Boy Scouts from Pennsylvania and neighboring states, plus 10,000 adults and children, were on hand.^[4]

Events

The event itself is divided into two parts: the Encampment, in which Scouts camp from Friday through Sunday on the Presidents' Day weekend, and the Pilgrimage which is all day Saturday. During the Pilgrimage, participants move around the Valley Forge NHP to hear volunteer interpreters from the National Park Service tell how the Continentals lived. Replicas of the original huts provide a glimpse of daily life. Conditions during the winter were poor, so the stories are also told how more than 2,000 soldiers died from typhus, dysentery, typhoid and pneumonia.

Themes

Valley Forge Historical Trail

The Valley Forge Historical Trail is a 9-mile hiking trail through the Valley Forge National Park.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/vafo/treese/treese8.htm | title = CHAPTER EIGHT: New Uses for an Old Story | work = | publisher = Valley Forge National Historic Park | accessdate = 2006-10-30}}
2. ^{{cite web | last =Peterson | first =Robert | authorlink = | coauthors = |date=December 2003 | url = http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0311/a-test.html#sbara | title = Scouting's Oldest Annual Event | format = | work = Scouting Magazine| publisher = Boy Scouts of America| accessdate = 2006-10-30}}
3. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = https://www.nps.gov/vafo/learn/historyculture/treese5.htm | title = CHAPTER FIVE: The Churches at Valley Forge | work = | publisher = Valley Forge National Historic Park | accessdate = 2006-10-30}}
4. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.countypressonline.com | title = Pilgrimage | format = | work = | publisher = Springfield (Pa.) Press | accessdate = 2006-10-30}}