词条 | Frank Miller (comics) |
释义 |
| name = Frank Miller | image = FrankMiller JimLee DC's 2018PopUpShop2.jpg | caption = Miller at SXSW 2018 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|1|27}} | birth_place = Olney, Maryland, United States | nationality = American | area = Writer, penciller, inker, film director | cartoonist = y | write = y | art = | pencil = y | ink = y | edit = | publish = | letter = y | color = | alias = | notable works = The Dark Knight Returns Year One Daredevil Elektra Wolverine Ronin 300 Sin City | awards = Awards | website = frankmillerink.com | subcat = American }} Frank Miller (born January 27, 1957)[1][2] is an American comic book writer, novelist, inker, screenwriter, film director, and producer best known for his comic book stories and graphic novels such as Ronin, Daredevil: Born Again, The Dark Knight Returns, Year One, Sin City, and 300. He also directed the film version of The Spirit, shared directing duties with Robert Rodriguez on Sin City and A Dame to Kill For, and produced the film 300. His film Sin City earned a Palme d'Or nomination, and he has received every major comic book industry award. In 2015, Miller was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame. He created the comic book characters Elektra for Marvel Comics' Daredevil series, and a female version of the Robin character, Carrie Kelley, for DC Comics. Miller is noted for combining film noir and manga influences in his comic art creations. "I realized when I started Sin City that I found American and English comics be too wordy, too constipated, and Japanese comics to be too empty. So I was attempting to do a hybrid".[3] {{TOC limit|3}}Early lifeMiller was born in Olney, Maryland, on January 27, 1957,[4] and raised in Montpelier, Vermont,[4] the fifth of seven children of a nurse mother and a carpenter/electrician father.[5] His family was Irish Catholic.[6] CareerMiller grew up a comics fan; a letter he wrote to Marvel Comics was published in The Cat #3 (April 1973).[7] His first published work was at Western Publishing's Gold Key Comics imprint, received at the recommendation of comics artist Neal Adams, to whom a fledgling Miller, after moving to New York City, had shown samples and received much critique and occasional informal lessons.[8] Though no published credits appear, he is tentatively credited with the three-page story "Royal Feast" in the licensed TV series comic book The Twilight Zone #84 (June 1978), by an unknown writer,[9] and is credited with the five-page "Endless Cloud", also by an unknown writer, in the following issue (July 1978).[10] By the time of the latter, Miller had his first confirmed credit in writer Wyatt Gwyon's six-page "Deliver Me From D-Day", inked by Danny Bulanadi, in Weird War Tales #64 (June 1978).[11] Former Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter recalled Miller going to DC Comics after having broken in with "...a small job from Western Publishing, I think. Thus emboldened, he went to DC, and after getting savaged by Joe Orlando, got in to see art director Vinnie Colletta, who recognized talent and arranged for him to get a one-page war-comic job".[12] The Grand Comics Database does not list this job; there may have been a one-page DC story, or Shooter may have misremembered the page count or have been referring to the two-page story, by writer Roger McKenzie, "Slowly, painfully, you dig your way from the cold, choking debris..." in Weird War Tales #68 (Oct. 1978).[13] Other fledgling work at DC included the six-page "The Greatest Story Never Told", by writer Paul Kupperberg, in that same issue, and the five-page "The Edge of History", written by Elliot S. Maggin, in Unknown Soldier #219 (Sept. 1978). His first work for Marvel Comics was penciling the 17-page story "The Master Assassin of Mars, Part 3" in John Carter, Warlord of Mars #18 (Nov. 1978).[14] At Marvel, Miller would settle in as a regular fill-in and cover artist, working on a variety of titles. One of these jobs was drawing Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #27–28 (Feb.–March 1979), which guest-starred Daredevil.[15] At the time, sales of the Daredevil title were poor but Miller saw potential in "a blind protagonist in a purely visual medium," he recalled in 2000.[16] Miller went to writer and staffer Jo Duffy (a mentor-figure whom he called his "guardian angel" at Marvel)[16] and she passed on his interest to editor-in-chief Jim Shooter to get Miller work on Daredevil's regular title. Shooter agreed and made Miller the new penciller on the title. As Miller recalled in 2008: {{cquote|text=When I first showed up in New York, I showed up with a bunch of comics, a bunch of samples, of guys in trench coats and old cars and such. And [comics editors] said, 'Where are the guys in tights?' And I had to learn how to do it. But as soon as a title came along, when [Daredevil signature artist] Gene Colan left Daredevil, I realized it was my secret in to do crime comics with a superhero in them. And so I lobbied for the title and got it.[5]}} Daredevil and the early 1980sDaredevil #158 (May 1979), Miller's debut on that title, was the finale of an ongoing story written by Roger McKenzie and inked by Klaus Janson. After this issue, Miller became one of Marvel's rising stars.[17]However, sales on Daredevil did not improve, Marvel's management continued to discuss cancellation, and Miller himself almost quit the series, as he disliked McKenzie's scripts.[12] Miller's fortunes changed with the arrival of Denny O'Neil as editor. Realizing Miller's unhappiness with the series, and impressed by a backup story he had written, O'Neil moved McKenzie to another project so that Miller could try writing the series himself.[12][18] Miller and O'Neil would maintain a friendly working relationship throughout his run on the series.[19] With issue #168 (Jan. 1981), Miller took over full duties as writer and penciller. Sales rose so swiftly that Marvel once again began publishing Daredevil monthly rather than bimonthly just three issues after Miller became its writer. Issue #168 saw the first full appearance of the ninja mercenary Elektra—who would become a popular character and star in a 2005 motion picture—although her first cover appearance was four months earlier on Miller's cover of The Comics Journal #58.[20] Miller later wrote and drew a solo Elektra story in Bizarre Adventures #28 (Oct. 1981). He added a martial arts aspect to Daredevil's fighting skills,[19] and introduced previously unseen characters who had played a major part in the character's youth: Stick, leader of the ninja clan the Chaste, who had been Murdock's sensei after he was blinded[21] and a rival clan called the Hand.[22] Unable to handle both writing and penciling Daredevil on the new monthly schedule, Miller began increasingly relying on Janson for the artwork, sending him looser and looser pencils beginning with #173.[23] By issue #185, Miller had virtually relinquished his role as Daredevil's artist, and was providing only rough layouts for Janson to both pencil and ink, allowing him to focus on the writing.[23] Miller's work on Daredevil was characterized by darker themes and stories. This peaked when in #181 (April 1982) he had the assassin Bullseye kill Elektra,[24] and Daredevil subsequently attempt to kill him. Miller finished his Daredevil run with issue #191 (Feb. 1983), which he cited in a winter 1983 interview as the issue he is most proud of;[19] by this time he had transformed a second-tier character into one of Marvel's most popular. Additionally, Miller drew a short Batman Christmas story, "Wanted: Santa Claus – Dead or Alive", written by Dennis O'Neil for DC Special Series #21 (Spring 1980).[25] This was his first professional experience with a character with which, like Daredevil, he would become closely associated. At Marvel, O'Neil and Miller collaborated on two issues of The Amazing Spider-Man Annual. The 1980 Annual featured a team-up with Doctor Strange[26] while the 1981 Annual showcased a meeting with the Punisher.[27] As penciler and co-plotter, Miller, together with writer Chris Claremont, produced the miniseries Wolverine #1–4 (Sept.-Dec. 1982),[28] inked by Josef Rubinstein and spinning off from the popular X-Men title. Miller used this miniseries to expand on Wolverine's character.[29] The series was a critical success and further cemented Miller's place as an industry star. His first creator-owned title was DC Comics' six-issue miniseries Ronin (1983–1984). In 1985, DC Comics named Miller as one of the honorees in the company's 50th-anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great.[30] Miller was involved in a few unpublished projects in the early 1980s. A house advertisement for Doctor Strange appeared in Marvel Comics cover-dated February 1981. It stated "Watch for the new adventures of Earth's Sorcerer Supreme – - as mystically conjured by Roger Stern and Frank Miller!". Miller's only contribution to the series would be the cover for Doctor Strange #46 (April 1981). Other commitments prevented him from working on the series.[31] Miller and Steve Gerber made a proposal to revamp DC's three biggest characters: Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, under a line called "Metropolis" and comics titled "Man of Steel" or "The Man of Steel", "Dark Knight" and "Amazon".[32] However, this proposal was not accepted. Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and the late 1980sIn 1986, DC Comics released the writer-penciler Miller's The Dark Knight Returns, a four-issue miniseries printed in what the publisher called "prestige format"—squarebound, rather than stapled; on heavy-stock paper rather than newsprint, and with cardstock rather than glossy-paper covers. It was inked by Klaus Janson and colored by Lynn Varley.[33] The story tells how Batman retired after the death of the second Robin (Jason Todd), and at age 55 returns to fight crime in a dark and violent future. Miller created a tough, gritty Batman, referring to him as "The Dark Knight" based upon his being called the "Darknight Detective" in some 1970s portrayals,[34] although the nickname "Dark Knight" for Batman dates back to 1940.[35][36] Released the same year as Alan Moore's and Dave Gibbons' DC miniseries Watchmen, it showcased a new form of more adult-oriented storytelling to both comics fans and a crossover mainstream audience. The Dark Knight Returns influenced the comic-book industry by heralding a new wave of darker characters.[37] The trade paperback collection proved to be a big seller for DC and remains in print 25 years after first being published.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} By this time, Miller had returned as the writer of Daredevil. Following his self-contained story "Badlands", penciled by John Buscema, in #219 (June 1985), he co-wrote #226 (Jan. 1986) with departing writer Dennis O'Neil. Then, with artist David Mazzucchelli, he crafted a seven-issue story arc that, like The Dark Knight Returns, similarly redefined and reinvigorated its main character. The storyline, "Daredevil: Born Again", in #227–233 (Feb.-Aug. 1986)[38] chronicled the hero's Catholic background, and the destruction and rebirth of his real-life identity, Manhattan attorney Matt Murdock, at the hands of Daredevil's nemesis, the crime lord Wilson Fisk, also known as the Kingpin. After completing the "Born Again" arc, Frank Miller intended to produce a two-part story with artist Walt Simonson but it was never completed and remains unpublished.[39] Miller and artist Bill Sienkiewicz produced the graphic novel Daredevil: Love and War in 1986. Featuring the character of the Kingpin, it indirectly bridges Miller's first run on Daredevil and Born Again by explaining the change in the Kingpin's attitude toward Daredevil. Miller and Sienkiewicz also produced the eight-issue miniseries Assassin for Epic Comics.[40] Set outside regular Marvel continuity, it featured a wild tale of cyborgs and ninjas, while expanding further on Elektra's background. This turned out to be inspiration for the film The Secret of the Ooze. Both of these projects were critically well received. Elektra: Assassin was praised for its bold storytelling, but neither it nor Daredevil: Love and War had the influence or reached as many readers as Dark Knight Returns or Born Again.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Miller's final major story in this period was in Batman issues 404–407 in 1987, another collaboration with Mazzucchelli. Titled Year One, this was Miller's version of the origin of Batman in which he retconned many details and adapted the story to fit his Dark Knight continuity. Proving to be hugely popular,[41] this was as influential as Miller's previous work and a trade paperback released in 1988 remains in print and is one of DC's best selling books and adapted as an original animated film video in 2011. Miller had also drawn the covers for the first twelve issues of First Comics English language reprints of Kazuo Koike and Goseki Kojima's Lone Wolf and Cub. This helped bring Japanese manga to a wider Western audience. During this time, Miller (along with Marv Wolfman, Alan Moore and Howard Chaykin) had been in dispute with DC Comics over a proposed ratings system for comics. Disagreeing with what he saw as censorship, Miller refused to do any further work for DC,[50] and he would take his future projects to the independent publisher Dark Horse Comics. From then on Miller would be a major supporter of creator rights and be a major voice against censorship in comics. The 1990s: Sin City and 300After announcing he intended to release his work only via the independent publisher Dark Horse Comics, Miller completed one final project for Epic Comics, the mature-audience imprint of Marvel Comics. Elektra Lives Again was a fully painted graphic novel written and drawn by Miller and colored by longtime partner Lynn Varley.[42] Telling the story of the resurrection of Elektra from the dead and Daredevil's quest to find her, as well as showing Miller's will to experiment with new story-telling techniques.[43] 1990 saw Miller and artist Geof Darrow start work on Hard Boiled, a three-issue miniseries. The title, a mix of violence and satire, was praised[44] for Darrow's highly detailed art and Miller's writing. At the same time Miller and artist Dave Gibbons produced Give Me Liberty, a four-issue miniseries for Dark Horse. Give Me Liberty was followed by sequel miniseries and specials expanding on the story of protagonist Martha Washington, an African-American woman in modern and near-future southern North America, all of which were written by Miller and drawn by Gibbons.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Miller also wrote the scripts for the science fiction films RoboCop 2 and RoboCop 3, about a police cyborg. Neither was critically well received.[45][46] In 2007, Miller stated that "There was a lot of interference in the writing process. It wasn't ideal. After working on the two Robocop movies, I really thought that was it for me in the business of film."[47] Miller would come into contact with the fictional cyborg once more, writing the comic-book miniseries, RoboCop Versus The Terminator, with art by Walter Simonson. In 2003, Miller's screenplay for RoboCop 2 was adapted by Steven Grant for Avatar Press's Pulsaar imprint. Illustrated by Juan Jose Ryp, the series is called Frank Miller's RoboCop and contains plot elements that were divided between RoboCop 2 and RoboCop 3. In 1991, Miller started work on his first Sin City story. Serialized in Dark Horse Presents #51–62, it proved to be another success, and the story was released in a trade paperback. This first Sin City "yarn" was rereleased in 1995 under the name The Hard Goodbye. Sin City proved to be Miller's main project for much of the remainder of the decade, as Miller told more Sin City stories within this noir world of his creation, in the process helping to revitalize the crime comics genre.[48] Sin City proved artistically auspicious for Miller and again brought his work to a wider audience without comics. Miller lived in Los Angeles, California in the 1990s, which influenced Sin City.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} The Man Without Fear was a five issue miniseries published by Marvel Comics in 1993. In this story, Miller and artist John Romita Jr. told Daredevil's origins differently from in the previous comics, and provided additional detail to his beginnings.[49] Miller also returned to superheroes by writing issue #11 of Todd McFarlane's Spawn, as well as the Spawn/Batman crossover for Image Comics.[50]In 1995, Miller and Darrow collaborated again on Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot, published as a two-part miniseries by Dark Horse Comics. In 1999 it became an animated series on Fox Kids. During this period, Miller became one of the founding members of the comic imprint Legend, under which many of his Sin City works were released, via Dark Horse.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Written and illustrated by Frank Miller with painted colors by Varley, 300 was a 1998 comic-book miniseries, released as a hardcover collection in 1999, retelling the Battle of Thermopylae and the events leading up to it from the perspective of Leonidas of Sparta. 300 was particularly inspired by the 1962 film The 300 Spartans, a movie that Miller watched as a young boy.[51] In 2007, 300 was adapted by director Zack Snyder into a successful film. Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again and 2000–presentHe was one of the artists on the World's Funnest one-shot written by Evan Dorkin published in 2000.[52] Miller moved back to Hell's Kitchen by 2001 and was creating The Dark Knight Strikes Again as the 9/11 terrorist attacks occurred about four miles from that neighborhood.[53] His differences with DC Comics put aside, he saw the sequel initially released as a three-issue miniseries,[54] and though it sold well,[55] it received a mixed to negative reception.[56][57] Miller also returned to writing Batman in 2005, taking on the writing duties of All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder, a series set inside of what Miller describes as the "Dark Knight Universe,"[58] and drawn by Jim Lee.[59] Miller's previous attitude towards movie adaptations was to change after Robert Rodriguez made a short film based on a story from Miller's Sin City entitled "The Customer is Always Right". Miller was pleased with the result, leading to him and Rodriguez directing a full-length film, Sin City using Miller's original comics panels as storyboards. The film was released in the U.S. on April 1, 2005. The film's success brought renewed attention to Miller's Sin City projects. Similarly, a film adaptation of 300, directed solely by Zack Snyder, brought new attention and controversy to Miller's original comic book work. A sequel to the film, A Dame to Kill For, based on Miller's second Sin City series and co-directed by Miller and Robert Rodriguez, was released in theaters on August 22, 2014.[60] In 2015–2017, DC released a nine-issue, bimonthly sequel to The Dark Knight Returns and The Dark Knight Strikes Again, titled The Master Race. Miller co-wrote it with Brian Azzarello,[61] and Andy Kubert and Klaus Janson are the artists.[62] It was the top-selling comic of November 2015, moving an estimated 440,234 copies.[63] On July 10, 2015, at the San Diego Comic-Con, Miller was inducted into the Eisner Awards Hall of Fame.[64] As of 2017, Miller is working with John Romita Jr. on a Superman: Year One project.[65][66] Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing is scheduled to publish his and author Tom Wheeler's young-adult novel Cursed, about the King Arthur legend from the point of view of the Lady of the Lake, in late 2019.[67] Netflix in 2018 ordered a 10-episode series based on the book.[68] From April to August 2018, Dark Horse Comics published monthly Miller's 5-issue limited series prequel/sequel to 300, entitled Xerxes: The Fall of the House of Darius and the Rise of Alexander. The series marks Miller's return to full writer-artist comics creation since Holy Terror.[69] Legal issuesIn October 2012, Joanna Gallardo-Mills, who began working for Miller as an executive coordinator in November 2008, filed suit against Miller in Manhattan for discrimination and "mental anguish", stating that Miller's former girlfriend, Kimberly Cox, created a hostile work environment for Gallardo-Mills in Miller and Cox's Hell's Kitchen living and work space.[70] Public imageIn July 2011 at the San Diego Comic-Con International while promoting his upcoming graphic novel Holy Terror in which the protagonist hero fights Al-Qaeda terrorists, Miller made a remark about Islamic terrorism and Islam saying, "I was raised Catholic and I could tell you a lot about the Spanish Inquisition but the mysteries of the Catholic Church elude me. And I could tell you a lot about Al-Qaeda, but the mysteries of Islam elude me too."[71] In November 2011, Miller posted remarks pertaining to the Occupy Wall Street movement in his blog, calling it "nothing but a pack of louts, thieves, and rapists, fed by Woodstock-era nostalgia and putrid false righteousness." He said of the movement, "Wake up, pond scum. America is at war against a ruthless enemy. Maybe, between bouts of self-pity and all the other tasty tidbits of narcissism you’ve been served up in your sheltered, comfy little worlds, you’ve heard terms like al-Qaeda and Islamicism."[72][73] Miller's statement generated controversy.[74] In a 2018 interview, Miller backed away from his comments saying that he "wasn't thinking clearly" when he made them and alluded to a very dark time in his life during which they were made.[75] Personal lifeUntil their divorce in 2005,[76] Miller was married to colorist Lynn Varley, who colored many of his most acclaimed works (from Ronin in 1984 through 300 in 1998), and the backgrounds to the 2007 movie 300. Miller has since been romantically linked to New York-based Shakespearean scholar Kimberly Halliburton Cox,[77][78][79] who had a cameo in The Spirit (2008). Style and influenceAlthough still conforming to traditional comic book styles, Miller infused his first issue of Daredevil with his own film noir style.[80] Miller sketched the roofs of New York in an attempt to give his Daredevil art an authentic feel not commonly seen in superhero comics at the time. One journalist noted, {{quote|text=Daredevil's New York, under Frank's run, became darker and more dangerous than the Spider-Man New York he’d seemingly lived in before. New York City itself, particularly Daredevil's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood, became as much a character as the shadowy crimefighter; the stories often took place on the rooftop level, with water towers, pipes and chimneys jutting out to create a skyline reminiscent of German Expressionism's dramatic edges and shadows.[81]}}Ronin shows some of the strongest influences of manga and bande dessinée on Miller's style, both in the artwork and narrative style.[82] Sin City was drawn in black and white to emphasize its film noir origins. Miller has said he opposes naturalism in comic art: "People are attempting to bring a superficial reality to superheroes which is rather stupid. They work best as the flamboyant fantasies they are. I mean, these are characters that are broad and big. I don't need to see sweat patches under Superman's arms. I want to see him fly."[83]Criticism and praiseBorn Again and The Dark Knight Returns were both critical successes and influential on subsequent generations of creators to the point of being considered classics of the medium. Year One was also met with praise for its gritty style, while comics including Ronin, 300 and Sin City were also successful, cementing Miller's place as a legend of comic books. However, later material such as The Dark Knight Strikes Again received mixed reviews. In particular, All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder was widely considered a sign of Miller's creative decline.[84][85][86]Miller's graphic novel Holy Terror was accused of being anti-Islamic.[87] Fellow comic book writer Alan Moore has described Miller's work from Sin City-onward as homophobic and misogynistic, despite praising his early Batman and Daredevil material. Moore previously penned a flattering introduction to an early collected edition of The Dark Knight Returns,[88] and the two have remained friends.[89] Miller would later say that he regrets Holy Terror, saying, "I don’t want to wipe out chapters of my own biography. But I'm not capable of that book again."[75] In terms of Miller's film career, his 2008 adaptation of The Spirit received negative reviews, earning a metascore of 30/100 at Metacritic.com.[90] Meanwhile, his film adaptation of Sin City was well received by audiences and critics.[91] AwardsInkpot Awards
BibliographyDC Comics
Marvel Comics
Dark Horse Comics
Other publishers
Cover work
Films
The film version of Daredevil (2003) predominantly used the tone established and stories written by Miller, who had no direct creative input on the film (except for a cameo appearance). In Elektra (2005), Miller received credit for "comic book characters". The Wolverine (2013) was inspired by the 1982 Wolverine miniseries that Miller penciled with writer Chris Claremont. Cameo appearancesFrank Miller has appeared in six films in small, cameo roles, dying in each.
References1. ^{{cite journal|journal= Comics Buyer's Guide|issue= 1650|title= Comics Industry Birthdays|page= 107|date= February 2009|location= Iola, Wisconsin}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Miller |first=John Jackson |authorlink=John Jackson Miller |url=http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays |title=Comics Industry Birthdays |work=Comics Buyer's Guide |date=June 10, 2005 |location=Iola, Wisconsin |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5trAbNQWw?url=http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays |archivedate=October 30, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/21241/1/frank-miller-comics-to-kill-for|title= Frank Miller: Comic Yo Kill For|first= John|last= Dunning|date= n.d.|work= Dazed|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160510134629/http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/21241/1/frank-miller-comics-to-kill-for|archivedate= May 10, 2016|deadurl= no}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/20/movies/20webs.html|first= Andy |last=Webster |title=Artist-Director Seeks the Spirit of The Spirit|work=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2008|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081211103945/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/20/movies/20webs.html|archivedate= December 11, 2008|deadurl= no}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.filmjournal.com/filmjournal/content_display/esearch/e3i8a7ba6d185c56a44dde220cb5168caff |first=Frank |last =Lovece |title=Spirit guide: Frank Miller adapts Will Eisner's cult comic |work=Film Journal International |date=December 22, 2008 | archivedate = April 5, 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130405193912/http://www.filmjournal.com/filmjournal/content_display/esearch/e3i8a7ba6d185c56a44dde220cb5168caff}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Frank-Miller-interview-It39s-no.4812742.jp|title=Frank Miller interview: It's no sin|last= Applebaum|first= Stephen|date= December 22, 2008|location= Edinburgh, Scotland|work= The Scotsman|accessdate= May 26, 2010|archivedate= October 15, 2012| deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121015163041/http://www.scotsman.com/news/frank-miller-interview-it-s-no-sin-1-1152632}} 7. ^The Cat #3 at the Grand Comics Database. 8. ^{{cite web|url= http://frankmillerink.com/2010/7/neal-adams|title= Neal Adams|first= Frank|last= Miller|date= July 21, 2010|publisher= FrankMillerInk.com (official site) |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100803002053/http://frankmillerink.com/2010/7/neal-adams|archivedate= August 3, 2010|deadurl= yes|accessdate= March 14, 2014}} 9. ^"Royal Feast", The Twilight Zone #84 (June 1978) at the Grand Comics Database. 10. ^"Endless Cloud", The Twilight Zone #85 (July 1978) at the Grand Comics Database. 11. ^"Deliver Me From D-Day", Weird War Tales #64 (June 1978) at the Grand Comics Database 12. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/interviews/ddINTERVIEW.shtml?id=Shooter |title=Interview with Jim Shooter |first=Kuljit |last=Mithra |publisher=ManWithoutFear.com |date=July 1998 |archivedate=November 18, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118200906/http://manwithoutfear.com/interviews/ddINTERVIEW.shtml?id=Shooter |deadurl=no |df=mdy }} 13. ^Weird War Tales #68 (Oct. 1978) at the Grand Comics Database 14. ^Frank Miller at the Grand Comics Database. NOTE: A different artist named Frank Miller was active in the 1940s. He died December 3, 1949. 15. ^{{cite book|last=Saffel|first=Steve|title= Spider-Man the Icon: The Life and Times of a Pop Culture Phenomenon|publisher=Titan Books|year=2007|location= London, United Kingdom|isbn= 978-1-84576-324-4|chapter=A Not-So-Spectacular Experiment|page= 73|quote= Frank Miller was the guest penciler for The Spectacular Spider-Man #27, February 1979, written by Bill Mantlo. [The issue's] splash page was the first time Miller's [rendition of] Daredevil appeared in a Marvel story.}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url= https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4283754-daredevil-by-frank-miller-klaus-janson-vol-1|title= Daredevil by Frank Miller & Klaus Janson, Vol. 1|date= n.d.|publisher= Goodreads|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160412045955/https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4283754-daredevil-by-frank-miller-klaus-janson-vol-1|archivedate= April 12, 2016|deadurl= no}} 17. ^{{cite book|last = Sanderson|first = Peter|authorlink = Peter Sanderson|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1970s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = Dorling Kindersley|year = 2008|location= London, United Kingdom|page = 189|isbn =978-0-7566-4123-8|quote= In this issue the great longtime Daredevil artist Gene Colan was succeeded by a new penciller who would become a star himself: Frank Miller.}} 18. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/ONeil | title = Interview with Dennis O'Neil|first= Kuljit|last= Mithra|date= February 1998 | publisher = ManWithoutFear.com |accessdate= May 10, 2013 | archivedate= March 21, 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130321185605/http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/ONeil}} 19. ^1 2 {{cite news | author = Kraft, David Anthony | author2 = Salicup, Jim | authorlink = David Anthony Kraft | authorlink2 = Jim Salicrup | date = April 1983 | title = Frank Miller's Ronin | work = Comics Interview | issue = 2 | pages = 7–21 | publisher = Fictioneer Books}} 20. ^DeFalco, Tom "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 201: "Matt Murdock's college sweetheart first appeared in this issue [#168] by writer/artist Frank Miller." 21. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 202: "Possibly modeled after Nantembo, a Zen master who reputedly disciplined his students by striking them with his nantin staff, Stick first appeared in this issue [#176] by Frank Miller." 22. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 202: The Hand was a league of ninja assassins who employed dark magic...Introduced in Daredevil #174 by writer/artist Frank Miller, this group of deadly warriors had been hired by the Kingpin of Crime to exterminate Matt Murdock." 23. ^1 {{cite journal|last= Cordier|first=Philippe|title=Seeing Red: Dissecting Daredevil's Defining Years|journal=Back Issue!|issue=21|pages=33–60|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= April 2007|location= Raleigh, North Carolina}} 24. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 207: "Frank Miller did the unthinkable when he killed off the popular Elektra in Daredevil #181." 25. ^{{cite book|last= Manning|first= Matthew K.|last2=Dougall|first2=Alastair, ed.|chapter= 1980s|title= Batman: A Visual History|publisher= Dorling Kindersley|year= 2014|location= London, United Kingdom|page= 136|isbn= 978-1-4654-2456-3|quote= One of the most important creators ever to work on Batman, writer/artist Frank Miller drew his first Batman story in this issue. While it featured five self-contained tales, the story 'Wanted: Santa Claus – Dead or Alive', written by Denny O'Neil and penciled by Miller was the standout.}} 26. ^{{cite book|last = Manning|first = Matthew K.|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1980s|title = Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging|publisher= Dorling Kindersley|year= 2012|location= London, United Kingdom|page= 114|isbn = 978-0-7566-9236-0|quote= Writer Denny O'Neil and artist Frank Miller...used their considerable talents in this rare collaboration that teamed two other legends – Dr. Strange and Spider-Man.}} 27. ^Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 120: "Writer Denny O'Neil teamed with artist Frank Miller to concoct a Spider-Man annual that played to both their strengths. Miller and O'Neil seemed to flourish in the gritty world of street crime so tackling a Spider/Punisher fight was a natural choice." 28. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 208: "The most popular member of the X-Men was finally featured in his first solo title, a four-issue limited series by writer Chris Claremont and writer/artist Frank Miller." 29. ^{{cite web |url= http://comics.ign.com/articles/709/709496p1.html |title= Wolverine TPB Review He's the best at what he does and so is Frank Miller.|last1= Goldstein |first1= Hilary|date= May 19, 2006 |publisher= IGN|accessdate=November 25, 2011 | archivedate= April 11, 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130411115926/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/20/wolverine-tpb-review}} 30. ^{{Cite comic| writer = Marx, Barry| cowriters = Cavalieri, Joey and Hill, Thomas| artist = Petruccio, Steven | editor = Marx, Barry| story = Frank Miller Experiment in Creative Autonomy| title = Fifty Who Made DC Great| date = 1985| publisher = DC Comics|page = 50}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/04/12/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-98|title=Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #98|first=Brian|last=Cronin|date=April 12, 2007|publisher=Comic Book Resources|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HsBvfkkL?url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/04/12/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-98|archivedate=July 5, 2013|deadurl=no|accessdate=December 18, 2010}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/04/01/comic-book-legends-revealed-254|title=Comic Book Legends Revealed #254|author=Cronin, Brian|date=April 1, 2010|publisher=Comic Book Resources|accessdate=November 6, 2011|archivedate=November 13, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63A6fwhjK?url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/04/01/comic-book-legends-revealed-254|deadurl=no}} 33. ^{{cite news |last=Jameson |first=A. D. |url= https://bigother.com/2010/02/08/reading-frank-miller%E2%80%99s-batman-the-dark-knight-returns-part-2/ |title=Reading Frank Miller’s Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, part 2 |work=Big Other |date=February 8, 2010 |accessdate=September 27, 2018}} 34. ^{{cite book|last= Fleisher|first= Michael|authorlink=Michael Fleisher|title= The Encyclopedia of Comic Book Heroes Volume 1 Batman|publisher= Collier Books|date=1976|location= New York, New York|page= 31|isbn= 978-0-02-080090-3}} 35. ^{{cite book|last=Nobleman|first=Marc Tyler|year=2012|title=Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-Creator of Batman|publisher=Charlesbridge Publishing|page=Back Matter|isbn=978-1-58089-289-6}} 36. ^The term appears on page seven of the story "The Joker" from Batman No. 1 (1940), which is reprinted in the book Batman Chronicles, Volume One (2005). In the lower right panel, Batman is shown swimming in the water after having been knocked off a bridge by the Joker, and the caption reads "THE SHOCK OF COLD WATER QUICKLY REVIVES THE DARK KNIGHT!" 37. ^{{cite book|last=Manning|first=Matthew K.|last2=Dolan|first2=Hannah, ed.|chapter=1980s|title=DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|year=2010|location=London, UK|isbn=978-0-7566-6742-9|page=219|quote=It is arguably the best Batman story of all time. Written and drawn by Frank Miller by Frank Miller (with inspired inking by Klaus Janson and beautiful watercolors by Lynn Varley), Batman: The Dark Knight revolutionized the entire [archetype] of the super hero.}} 38. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 226: "'Born Again' was a seven-issue story arc that appeared in Daredevil from issue #227 to #233 (Feb.–Aug. 1986) by writer Frank Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli." 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Simonson|title=Interview With Walt Simonson|first=Kuljit|last=Mithra|date=1997|publisher=ManWithoutFear.com|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6FCDQhp6w?url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Simonson|archivedate=March 17, 2013|deadurl=no|accessdate=March 17, 2013|quote=The gist of it is that by the time Marvel was interested in having us work on the story, Frank was off doing Dark Knight and I was off doing X-Factor. So it never happened. Too bad—it was a cool story too.}} 40. ^DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 228: "Produced by Frank Miller and illustrated by Bill Sienkiewicz, Elektra: Assassin was an eight-issue limited series. Because its mature content was inappropriate for children, it was published by Marvel's Epic Comics imprint." 41. ^Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 227 "Melding Miller's noir sensibilities, realistic characterization, and gritty action with Mazzucchelli's brilliant iconic imagery, "Year One" thrilled readers and critics alike...as well as being one of the influences for the 2005 film Batman Begins. 42. ^Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 253: "Frank Miller made his triumphant return to Elektra, the character he breathed life into and then subsequently snuffed out, with the graphic novel Elektra Lives Again." 43. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nycgraphicnovelists.com/2010/12/frank-miller-part-1-dames-dark-knights.html|title= Frank Miller Part 1: Dames, Dark Knights, Devils, and Heroes |last= Irving|first= Christopher|date= December 1, 2010|publisher= NYCGraphicNovelists.com |accessdate= November 25, 2011|archivedate= July 1, 2012| deadurl= no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120701074451/http://www.nycgraphicnovelists.com/2010/12/frank-miller-part-1-dames-dark-knights.html|quote= Miller works Matt’s narrating captions between the present, the past, and his dream imagery of Elektra, a fragmentation given a voiceover straight out of an old crime book, but with a heavy dose of sensitivity that never veers into the maudlin.}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2008/09/17/comics-you-should-own-hard-boiled|title=Comics You Should Own – Hard Boiled|last1=Burgas|first1=Greg|date=September 17, 2008|publisher=Comic Book Resources|quote=[W]e can see that Miller and Darrow were creating a marvelous satire, one that pulls no punches and lets none of us off the hook, which is what the best satire does. Hard Boiled is a wild and extremely fun ride, but it’s also an insightful examination of a sickness in our society that we don’t like to confront.|accessdate=November 25, 2011|archivedate=October 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018204650/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2008/09/17/comics-you-should-own-hard-boiled|deadurl=no}} 45. ^{{cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C0CE7D71139F931A15755C0A966958260|title= Robocop 2 (1990) Review/Film; New Challenge and Enemy For a Cybernetic Organism|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|date=June 22, 1990|work=The New York Times |accessdate=November 25, 2011}} 46. ^{{cite news |url= http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19931105/REVIEWS/311050305/1023|title= RoboCop 3|last1= Ebert|first1= Roger|authorlink1= Roger Ebert|date= November 5, 1993|work=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=November 25, 2011}} 47. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.contactmusic.com/news/miller-robocop-movies-almost-put-me-off-hollywood_1034760|title= Miller: 'Robocop Movies Almost Put Me Off Hollywood'|last1= |first1= |date= June 20, 2007|publisher= Contactmusic.com|accessdate=November 25, 2011}} 48. ^{{cite web|last=Lindenmuth|first=Brian|title=The Fall (and Rise) of the Crime Comic|publisher=Mulholland Books| date=December 14, 2010|url=http://www.mulhollandbooks.com/2010/12/14/a-history-of-and-appreciation-for-crime-comics|quote=As much as 100 Bullets is a cornerstone of the modern crime comic, it did not spring fully formed into the world. The modern crime comic era started a few years earlier with two releases: the high-profile Sin City by Frank Miller and the independent Stray Bullets by David Lapham.|accessdate=November 13, 2011}} 49. ^Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 264: "Comic legends Frank Miller and John Romita, Jr. united to tell a new version of Daredevil's origin in this carefully crafted five-issue miniseries." 50. ^Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 267: "This prestige one-shot marked Frank Miller's return to Batman, and was labeled as a companion piece to his classic 1986 work Batman: The Dark Knight Returns. The issue was drawn by Todd McFarlane, one of the most popular artists in comic book history." 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comixology.com/articles/421/Into-the-Valley-of-Death-|title=Into the Valley of Death?|last1= Green|first1= Karen|date=December 3, 2010|quote=It's like something out of Hollywood, right? Hollywood thought so, too. They made a movie in 1962 called The 300 Spartans, which 5-year-old Frank Miller saw in the theater, and it had a powerful influence on him.|publisher= ComiXology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020072533/http://www.comixology.com/articles/421/Into-the-Valley-of-Death-|archivedate=October 20, 2011|deadurl=yes|accessdate=November 25, 2011}} 52. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=6999|title= Evan Dorkin Debuts World's Funnest|first= Beau|last= Yarbrough|date= 18 March 1999|publisher= Comic Book Resources|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905230641/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=6999|archivedate= 5 September 2015|deadurl= no|df=mdy-all}} 53. ^David Brothers. Sons of DKR: Frank Miller x TCJ, 4thletter, April 6, 2009 54. ^Manning "2000s" in Dougall, p. 258: "With this three-issue prestige format story, writer/artist Miller once again set the scene for a large scale Batman adventure." 55. ^{{cite web|url= http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/912/top-300-comics-december-2001|title= Top 300 Comics–December 2001|date= November 28, 2001|work= ICv2|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160913014549/http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/912/top-300-comics-december-2001|archivedate= September 13, 2016|deadurl= no}} {{cite web|url= http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/987/top-300-comics-january-2002|title= Top 300 Comics–January 2002|date= January 2, 2002|work= ICv2|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160913021746/http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/987/top-300-comics-january-2002|archivedate= September 13, 2016|deadurl= no}} {{cite web|url= http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/1080/top-300-comics-february-2002|title= Top 300 Comics–February 2002|date= February 4, 2002|work= ICv2|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160913023145/http://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/1080/top-300-comics-february-2002|archivedate= September 13, 2016|deadurl= no}} 56. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/fantasticfiction/darkknightagain.htm |title= The Dark Knight Strikes Again|first= Claude|last= Lalumière|date= September 21, 2002|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160616201742/http://infinityplus.co.uk/fantasticfiction/darkknightagain.htm|archivedate= June 16, 2016|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 30, 2012}} 57. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/dec/15/bestbooksof2002.comics?INTCMP=SRCH|first= Roger|last= Sabin |title= Take a picture...|date= December 15, 2002|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160329024731/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/dec/15/bestbooksof2002.comics?INTCMP=SRCH|archivedate= March 29, 2016|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 30, 2012}} 58. ^"A Quick Miller Minute on All-Star Batman and Robin"{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Cliff Biggers Newsarama, February 9, 2005 59. ^Manning "2000s" in Dougall, p. 282: "Together with penciller Jim Lee, Miller delivered a series that took place in a reality that began with Miller and David Mazzucchelli's 'Batman: Year One'." 60. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1555630/20070326/story.jhtml |title=Depp, Banderas To Call 'Sin City' Home? |first=Shawn |last=Adler |work=MTV News |date=May 26, 2007}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/04/24/superstar-writerartist-frank-miller-returns-to-batman|title=Superstar Writer/Artist Frank Miller Return to Batman!|date=April 24, 2015|publisher=DC Comics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726135653/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/04/24/superstar-writerartist-frank-miller-returns-to-batman|archivedate=July 26, 2015|deadurl=no}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://comicsalliance.com/andy-kubert-klaus-janson-dark-knight-master-race|title=Andy Kubert and Klaus Janson Join The Master Race (The Comic)|first=Andrew|last=Wheeler|date=July 9, 2015|publisher=ComicsAlliance|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814061150/http://comicsalliance.com/andy-kubert-klaus-janson-dark-knight-master-race|archivedate=August 14, 2015|deadurl=yes}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/12/14/the-dark-knight-iii-1-dominates-novembers-comic-book-sales|title=The Dark Knight III #1 Dominates November's Comic Book Sales|date=December 14, 2015|first=Jesse|last=Schedeen|publisher=IGN}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/comic-con-2015-will-eisner-808130|title=Comic-Con: Will Eisner Comic Industry Award Winners Announced|first=Graeme|last=McMillan|date=July 11, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6b6nY3m0e?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/comic-con-2015-will-eisner-808130|archivedate=August 28, 2015|deadurl=no}} 65. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.newsarama.com/35592-superman-year-one-by-frank-miller-john-romita-jr.html|title= Superman: Year One By Frank Miller & John Romita Jr.|first= Chris|last= Arrant|date= July 22, 2017|publisher= Newsarama|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170723073352/https://www.newsarama.com/35592-superman-year-one-by-frank-miller-john-romita-jr.html|archivedate= July 23, 2017|deadurl= no|df= mdy-all}} 66. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.bleedingcool.com/2018/07/20/dc-black-label-batman-damned-superman-year-one/|title= Sneak Peek Inside DC Black Label’s Batman: Damned and Superman: Year One|first= Rich|last= Johnston|date= July 20, 2018|publisher= Bleeding Cool|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/71ngy8N5D?url=https://www.bleedingcool.com/2018/07/20/dc-black-label-batman-damned-superman-year-one/|archivedate= August 20, 2018|deadurl= no|df= mdy-all|access-date= August 21, 2018}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://ew.com/books/2018/03/22/frank-miller-ya-novel-king-arthur/|title=Frank Miller to spin King Arthur legend into YA book Cursed|date=March 22, 2018|first=David|last=Canfield|publisher=EW}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/03/cursed-netflix-tv-series-frank-miller-tom-wheeler-based-on-book-reimagining-king-arthur-legend-lady-of-the-lake-1202354796/|title=Netflix Orders TV Series ‘Cursed’ From Frank Miller & Tom Wheeler Based On Book Reimagining King Arthur Legend|date=March 28, 2018|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|publisher=Deadline}} 69. ^[https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/18-189/Xerxes-The-Fall-of-the-House-of-Darius-and-the-Rise-of-Alexander-1 Xerxes #1] 70. ^Schram, Jamie (October 10, 2012). "Ex-staffer sues Dark Knight comic creator, girlfriend for hostile work environment", Daily News; accessed January 17, 2018. 71. ^{{cite web|url= http://collider.com/frank-miller-comic-con-holy-terror/|title= Comic-Con 2011: Frank Miller on Holy Terror: 'I Hope This Book Really Pisses People Off'|first= Hunter|last= Daniels|work= Collider|publisher= Complex Media|date= July 23, 2011|accessdate= April 8, 2013}} 72. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.frankmillerink.com/2011/11/anarchy |title=Anarchy I |work=Frank Miller Ink |date=November 7, 2011 |quote='"Occupy" is nothing but a pack of louts, thieves, and rapists, an unruly mob, fed by Woodstock-era nostalgia and putrid false righteousness.' |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120013905/http://frankmillerink.com/2011/11/anarchy |archivedate=November 20, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 73. ^{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Ted|title=Frank Miller Doesn't Think Much of Occupy Wall Street|url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2011/11/frank-miller-doesnt-think-much-occupy-wall-street/44925/}} 74. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.honestpublishing.com/news/the-honest-alan-moore-interview-part-2-the-occupy-movement-frank-miller-and-politics/ |title=The Honest Alan Moore Interview |year=2011 |accessdate= April 26, 2013 |quote="[The Occupy movement] is a completely justified howl of moral outrage and it seems to be handled in a very intelligent, non-violent way, which is probably another reason why Frank Miller would be less than pleased with it. I'm sure if it had been a bunch of young, sociopathic vigilantes with Batman make-up on their faces, he'd be more in favour of it."}} 75. ^1 {{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/27/frank-miller-xerxes-cursed-sin-city-the-dark-knight-returns|title= Frank Miller: 'I wasn't thinking clearly when I said those things'|first= Sam|last= Thielman|date= April 27, 2018|work= The Guardian|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180711044225/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/27/frank-miller-xerxes-cursed-sin-city-the-dark-knight-returns|archivedate= July 11, 2018|deadurl= no|df= mdy-all}} 76. ^Davis, Johnny (April 27, 2012). "Icon: Frank Miller" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502075702/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2012-04/28/frank-miller-sin-city-batman-comics-300-the-spirit |date=May 2, 2012 }}. GQ. Originally published in the February 2009 issue of British GQ, p. 2 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628043453/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2012-04/28/frank-miller-sin-city-batman-comics-300-the-spirit/page/2 |date=June 28, 2013 }} 77. ^"Comic book creators put their spin on Shakespeare". CBC Books. June 24, 2011 78. ^"Shakespearean Scholar (And Frank Miller’s Girlfriend) Blasts KILL SHAKESPEARE". Bleeding Cool. April 12, 2010 79. ^"Frank Miller Taken By The Rapture?". Bleeding Cool. May 21, 2011, by Rich Johnston, referencing [https://twitter.com/agidgetwidget/status/72063401567850496 tweet by Kimberly Cox] 80. ^1 Flinn, Tom. "Writer's Spotlight: Frank Miller: Comics' Noir Auteur," ICv2: Guide to Graphic Novels #40 (Q1 2007). 81. ^Irving in NYCGraphicNovelists.com 82. ^Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 202: The comic was an unusual blend of the influences on Miller by French cartoonist Moebius and Japanese Manga comic books. 83. ^{{cite video |people=Hillhouse, Jason (writer) |date=2005 |title=Legends of the Dark Knight: The History of Batman |url=http://www.flixster.com/movie/legends-of-the-dark-knight-the-history-of-batman/ |format=DVD |publisher=New Wave Entertainment |accessdate=October 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031045336/http://www.flixster.com/movie/legends-of-the-dark-knight-the-history-of-batman/ |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 84. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.popmatters.com/comics/all-star-batman-robin-1-3.shtml |title=All-Star Batman & Robin #1–3 |first=William |last=Gatevackes |publisher=PopMatters.com |date=February 10, 2006 |accessdate=December 20, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msHPXkN2?url=http://www.popmatters.com/comics/all-star-batman-robin-1-3.shtml |archivedate=January 18, 2010 |df=mdy }} 85. ^Biggers, Cliff. Comic Shop News #1064, November 7, 2007 86. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.craveonline.com/articles/comics/04649326/all_star_batman_and_robin.html |title=Review |first=Iann |last=Robinson |authorlink=Iann Robinson |publisher=Crave Online |date=December 17, 2007 |accessdate=20 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msHPxSxm?url=http://www.craveonline.com/articles/comics/04649326/all_star_batman_and_robin.html |archivedate=January 18, 2010 |df=mdy }} 87. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/holy-terror-comic-is-islamophobic-say-critics|archive-url= https://archive.is/20130114161814/http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/holy-terror-comic-is-islamophobic-say-critics|dead-url= yes|archive-date= January 14, 2013|title= Holy Terror comic is 'Islamophobic', say critics|last1= Hernandez|first1= Michael|date= October 25, 2011|work= The National|quote= Miller's mixing of Muslims and Arabs – the book never differentiates – with terrorists highlights Holy Terror's unflattering portrayal of Muslims.|accessdate= November 25, 2011}} 88. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/06/alan-moore-frank-miller-row?INTCMP=SRCH | location=London |work=The Guardian | first=Alison | last=Flood | title=Alan Moore attacks Frank Miller in comic book war of words | date=December 6, 2011| accessdate=20 December 2012}} 89. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnWT5jxkMSM|title= Frank Miller parla di Alan Moore e di Batman V Superman|date= September 15, 2014|publisher= YouTube}} 90. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/spirit2008?q=the%20spirit | title=The Spirit | publisher=Metacritic.com | accessdate= December 20, 2012}} 91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/sin-city|title=Sin City Reviews |publisher=Metacritic|accessdate=September 19, 2013}} 92. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|title= Inkpot Award Winners |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055558/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|archivedate= July 9, 2012|deadurl= no}} 93. ^{{cite news | last=Briggs | first=Caroline | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4561547.stm | title=Sin City writer defends violence |publisher=BBC | date=May 19, 2005 }} 94. ^{{cite news | url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/618/618310p1.html | title=Sin City Sequel in the Works | publisher=IGN | date=May 23, 2005 | accessdate= March 4, 2011 }} 95. ^{{cite news | last=Vineyard | first=Jennifer | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1527380/sin-city-characters-returning-sequel.jhtml | title=Sin City Characters – Even Dead Ones – Returning For Sequel | publisher=MTV | date=March 29, 2006 | accessdate= March 4, 2011}} 96. ^Frank Miller's Robocop, robocoparchive.com 97. ^{{cite book |title= Making Movies On Your Own: Practical Talk From Independent Filmmakers|last= Lindenmuth|first= Kevin J.|year= 1998|publisher= McFarland & Company|isbn= 0-7864-0517-1 |page= 114|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=duC17f2AajMC&pg=PA114&dq=Frank+Miller+Stan+Lee+cameo+Jugular+Wine&hl=en&ei=dWDQToXPK8nvggeIroG6DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Miller%20Stan%20Lee%20cameo%20Jugular%20Wine&f=false|accessdate= November 25, 2011}} 98. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avatarpress.com/frankmiller/|title= Frank Miller|publisher= Avatar Press|quote= Miller's filmography also includes...a handful of film cameos including an appearance in the 2003 film Daredevil.|accessdate=November 26, 2011}} 99. ^"Frank Miller's Sin City" TV Guide.com. Retrieved August 21, 2011. 100. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmjournal.com/filmjournal/content_display/esearch/e3i8a7ba6d185c56a44dde220cb5168caff |title=The Annotated Spirit: A Guide to the Movie's In-joke References |publisher=Filmjournal.com |date=December 22, 2008 |accessdate= November 8, 2010}} 101. ^{{cite web |url=http://starcasm.net/archives/284878 |title=Robert Rodriguez on Sin City 3, his mini movie with Frank Miller in Sin City 2 and why Clive Owen was not in A Dame To Kill For |last=Hawks |first=Asa |work=starcasm.net |publisher=Chicory Media LLC |date=2014-08-23 |accessdate=2014-12-13 }} External links{{Commons category|Frank Miller}}{{Wikiquote}}{{Portal|Biography|Comics}}
24 : Frank Miller (comics)|1957 births|American comics artists|American comics writers|American graphic novelists|American male novelists|American people of Irish descent|Artists from Maryland|Artists from Vermont|Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award winners|Eisner Award winners for Best Penciller/Inker or Penciller/Inker Team|Eisner Award winners for Best Writer/Artist|Film directors from Maryland|Inkpot Award winners|Living people|Marvel Comics people|DC Comics people|Novelists from Maryland|Novelists from Vermont|People from Montpelier, Vermont|People from Olney, Maryland|Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees|Writers who illustrated their own writing|Film directors from Vermont |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。