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词条 Frederick McKinley Jones
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

      Refrigeration  

  3. Distinctions and honors

  4. Death

  5. Patents

  6. References

  7. Further reading

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}}Frederick McKinley Jones (May 17, 1893 – February 21, 1961) was an African-American inventor, entrepreneur, winner of the National Medal of Technology, and an inductee of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.[1] His innovations in refrigeration brought great improvement to the long-haul transportation of perishable goods.[2] He cofounded Thermo King.[1]

Early life

Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 17, 1893.[2] After he was virtually orphaned at the age of seven, he was raised by a priest at a Catholic rectory in Cincinnati.[3] Jones left school after 6th grade and left the rectory to return to Cincinnati at age 11, where he got a job first as a cleaning boy and by age 14 he was working as an automobile mechanic. He boosted his natural mechanical ability and inventive mind with independent reading and study and the willingness to seek new pastures in his search for advancement, against the odds.[3]

Career

In 1912, Jones moved to Hallock, Minnesota, where he worked as a mechanic on a {{convert|50000|acre|km2|adj=on}} farm. After service with the U.S. Army in World War I, Jones returned to Hallock; while employed as a mechanic, Jones taught himself electronics and built a transmitter for the town's new radio station. He also invented a device to combine sound with motion pictures. This attracted the attention of Joseph A. Numero of Minneapolis, Minnesota, who hired Jones in 1930 to improve the sound equipment made by his firm, Cinema Supplies Inc.

Refrigeration

Around 1938, Jones designed a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable food,[3] and received a patent for it on July 12, 1940.[4] Numero sold his movie sound equipment business to RCA and formed a new company in partnership with Jones, the U.S. Thermo Control Company (later the Thermo King Corporation) which became a $3 million business by 1949. Portable cooling units designed by Jones were especially important during World War II, preserving blood, medicine, and food for use at army hospitals and on open battlefields.

Distinctions and honors

During his life, Jones was awarded 61 patents. Forty were for refrigeration equipment, while others went for portable X-ray machines, sound equipment, and gasoline engines.

  • In 1944, Jones became the first African American to be elected into the American Society of Refrigeration Engineers.
  • 1950s era consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense and the Bureau of Standards.
  • 1953 Merit Award, Phyllis Wheatley Auxiliary, "for outstanding achievements which serve as an inspiration to youth."
  • In 1977, He was posthumously inducted into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame.
  • In 1991, the National Medal of Technology was awarded to Joseph A. Numero and Frederick M. Jones. President George Bush presented the awards posthumously to their widows at a ceremony in the White House Rose Garden. Jones was the first African American to receive the award.
  • In the March 2009 issue of Heavy Duty Truck magazine, editor Tom Berg dubbed Jones "The King of Cool", and wrote that his "technological breakthrough redefined the global marketplace, with cultural reverberations felt from the world's largest cities to its most isolated villages."[3]

Death

He died of lung cancer in Minneapolis in 1961.

Patents

  • {{US patent|2,163,754}} was issued on {{date|1939-06-27|mdy}} – Ticket dispensing machine.
  • {{US patent|D132,182}} was issued on {{date|1942-04-28|mdy}} – Design for air conditioning unit.
  • {{US patent|2,336,735}} was issued on {{date|1943-12-14|mdy}} – Removable cooling units for compartments.
  • {{US patent|2,337,164}} was issued on {{date|1943-12-21|mdy}} – Means for automatically stopping and starting gas engines.
  • {{US patent|2,376,968}} was issued on {{date|1945-05-29|mdy}} – Two-cycle gas engine.
  • {{US patent|2,417,253}} was issued on {{date|1947-03-11|mdy}} – Two-cycle gas engine.
  • {{US patent|2,475,841}} was issued on {{date|1949-07-12|mdy}} – Automatic refrigeration system for long-haul trucks.
  • {{US patent|2,475,842}} was issued on {{date|1949-07-12|mdy}} – Starter generator.
  • {{US patent|2,475,843}} was issued on {{date|1949-07-12|mdy}} – Means operated by a starter generator for cooling a gas engine.
  • {{US patent|2,477,377}} was issued on {{date|1949-07-26|mdy}} – Means for thermostatically operating gas engines.
  • {{US patent|2,504,841}} was issued on {{date|1950-04-18|mdy}} – Rotary compressor.
  • {{US patent|2,509,099}} was issued on {{date|1950-05-23|mdy}} – System for controlling operation of refrigeration units.
  • {{US patent|D159,209}} was issued on {{date|1950-07-04|mdy}} – Design for air conditioning unit.
  • {{US patent|2,523,273}} was issued on {{date|1950-09-26|mdy}} – Engine actuated ventilating system.
  • {{US patent|2,526,874}} was issued on {{date|1950-10-24|mdy}} – Apparatus for heating or cooling atmosphere within an enclosure.
  • {{US patent|2,535,682}} was issued on {{date|1950-12-26|mdy}} – Prefabricated refrigerator construction.
  • {{US patent|2,581,956}} was issued on {{date|1952-01-08|mdy}} – Refrigeration control device.
  • {{US patent|2,666,298}} was issued on {{date|1954-01-19|mdy}} – Methods and means of defrosting a cold diffuser.
  • {{US patent|2,696,086}} was issued on {{date|1954-12-07|mdy}} – Method and means for air conditioning.
  • {{US patent|2,780,923}} was issued on {{date|1957-02-12|mdy}} – Method and means for preserving perishable foodstuffs in transit.
  • {{US patent|2,850,001}} was issued on {{date|1958-09-02|mdy}} – Control device for internal combustion engine.
  • {{US patent|2,926,005}} was issued on {{date|1960-02-23|mdy}} – Thermostat and temperature control system.

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/343.html |title=Frederick McKinley Jones |work=Hall of Fame inventor profile |publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame |accessdate=2011-02-22 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222060432/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/343.html |archive-date=2014-02-22}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://blackhistorypages.net/pages/fjones.php |title=Frederick McKinley Jones |work=Black History Pages |accessdate=2011-02-22}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://www.msthalloffame.org/frederick_mckinley_jones.htm | title=Frederick McKinley Jones | publisher=Minnesota High Tech Association / Science Museum of Minnesota | work=Minnesota Science and Technology Hall of Fame | accessdate=January 2, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=93SDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA613&lpg=PA613#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events | publisher=Visible Ink Press | author=Smith, Jessie Carney | year=2012 | pages=613 | isbn=1-57859-424-3}}
{{Refbegin}}
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=3IJtVP9WnXEC&pg=PA214&dq=%22on+February+21,+1961%22&hl=en&ei=Z1v9TPjGOYus8Aa08IznCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=%22on%20February%2021%2C%201961%22&f=false "July 12: Frederick M. Jones Patents Refrigeration System"], Rebecca Goodman and Barrett J. Brunsman, This Day in Ohio History (Emmis Books, 2005) p. 214.

Further reading

  • {{cite book |title=Man with a Million Ideas: Fred Jones, Genius/Inventor |author=Virginia Ott |isbn=978-0-822-50761-1 |date=November 1976}}
    • {{cite book | url=https://books.google.co.nz/books/about/I_ve_Got_an_Idea.html?id=WcmwAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y | title=I've Got an Idea: The Story of Frederick McKinley Jones | publisher=Lerner Publishing Group | author=Gloria M. Swanson, Margaret V. Ott | year=1994 | isbn=0-82259-662-8 | edition=reprint| pages=95 }}
{{Ingersoll Rand}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jones, Frederick Mckinley}}

10 : National Medal of Technology recipients|1893 births|1961 deaths|Deaths from lung cancer|African-American businesspeople|20th-century American businesspeople|African-American inventors|American inventors|People from Hallock, Minnesota|American army personnel of World War I
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