词条 | World Junior Teams Championship | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
This article covers all of the Teams events in the World Bridge Federation youth program—in principle including experimental or obsolete events for age-limited teams, which are not now part of WBF Youth Bridge. World Junior Pairs Championship covers all of the Pairs and Individuals events. The World Junior Teams Championship is a bridge competition for zonal teams of players up to about 25 years old.{{efn|name=U26|1=Now "under-26" (u-26, U26) means that players must be under 26 at the end of the calendar year. So they may celebrate their 25th birthdays during the year; Junior competition during calendar 2011 is restricted to players born 1986 and later. Most world championship tournaments are played during summer and fall seasons; more than half but not all players are eligible to compete once after their 25th birthdays. The European Bridge League demarcations are u-26 (junior) and u-21 (youngster). It appears that the WBF plans to use the same restrictions universally after the first World Bridge Games (2008).}}{{efn|name=u28again}} Zonal signifies both organization by the World Bridge Federation (WBF) and qualification in eight WBF zones; for example (2006, 2008), six teams qualify from 'Europe' defined by European Bridge League membership. Zones may require national representation; for example, the six European teams must represent six member nations of the EBL.The oldest event, sometimes called the Junior Teams without qualification, dates from 1987 with some changes in definition. Today that is the "open" u-26 tournament (Juniors) in contrast to the u-26 for women (Girls) and the open u-21 (Youngsters). It has been held every two years, odd-number years to 2005 and even years from 2006. Competitors vie for the Ortiz-Patiño Trophy, formerly presented by WBF President Emeritus Jaime Ortiz-Patiño (1930–2013) who conceived the idea while serving as WBF President in 1985. The even-year tournaments officially constitute the World Youth Teams Championships for so-called juniors, girls, and youngsters. The entries are national teams, representing countries affiliated with the WBF via membership in the eight geographical "zonal organizations". Moreover, they must qualify within their zones, usually by high standing in a zonal championship tournament that is limited to one team per member nation. The 2008 junior teams championships were part of the inaugural World Mind Sports Games in Beijing, China. Denmark won its second gold medal, beating Poland in the final, while Norway won the bronze. The 1st Games also included under-28{{efn|name=U26}} and under-21 team championships won by Norway and France. Under-21 and u-26 are part of the WBF youth program (namely, two of the three World Youth Teams Championships) but u-28 is not.{{efn|name=u28again|1=For three years WBF has called the under-28 bridge tournaments at the first Games exceptional, and said that the quadrennial Games would henceforth feature the u-26 and u-21 categories that are now standard in bridge. In 2010 Israel defeated France in the Juniors final while China won the bronze medal. The event was part of the newly christened World Bridge Series that also included World Young Ladies Teams and under-21 World Youngsters Teams, both won by Poland.[1] In 2011, at the 2nd World Youth Congress, "Ned Juniors" comprising four players from the Netherlands won the main teams event, a six-day tournament with 27 entries. Ned Juniors won the full-day 56-deal final by 131 to 60 IMPs against "Arg Uru" from Argentina and Uruguay. Meanwhile, "Ned Rum", with one Dutch pair and one transnational pair from Romania and the United States, won third place against "France".[2]{{efn|1=(Board 1, Session 3) Here is the information online for every single deal, available by linking down via the "Results (linked schedule)". Bidding and play are not available for this match or event.}} Arg Uru led the preliminary round-robin from which eight teams advanced to full-day knockout matches, and its second-place finish matched that by Argentina in 1989, the best finish for any youth players from outside Europe and North America.[3] The Youth Congress in odd-number years is transnational: pairs and teams comprising players from different bridge nations are eligible to enter. Transnational teams finished second and third in the main event, but 23 of 27 entries have team names which imply nationality. Medal ceremonies raise the national flag and play the national anthem is the gold medal winner is national in composition. ScopeThe Junior Teams event (or tournament in a narrow sense) officially became part of the plural "World Youth Teams Championships" when a tournament for under-21 players was initiated. Beginning 2009, teams events were added to the WBF youth program for odd-number years, contested immediately prior to the older events for pairs in the newly christened "World Youth Congress". Odd-year teams events are distinct from the older series of teams championships (now biennial in even years) and even-year pairs events are distinct from the older series of pairs championships (now biennial in odd years). Some conditions differ. This article covers all "world championships" for youth teams while World Junior Pairs Championship covers all "world championships" for youth pairs or individuals. LocationThe Youth Teams series has moved around the world, with only one of the last 10 renditions in Europe. Meanwhile, all eight renditions (to 30 August 2011) now counted in the Youth Pairs series have been in Europe.[3] The distinct Youth Congress has been held 2009 in Turkey and 2011 in Croatia. ResultsThe World Youth Teams Championships now comprise three concurrent events or flights: the original Juniors, the Youngsters from 2004, and the Girls from 2010. The latter are sometimes called "Schools" and "Young Ladies", as they were christened in Europe before adoption at the world level.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} The Juniors format has evolved. Currently all three flights determine three medalists. They end with a knockout stage and a playoff between losing semifinalists; that is, two concluding matches determine first and third places.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} JuniorsThe Netherlands won the inaugural world championship for junior teams in 1987 and won the Bermuda Bowl in 1993 with three of the recent junior players: De Boer, Leufkens, and Westra. No other junior teams champions have so quickly won the Bermuda Bowl.
* Crozet in 1987, Pejacsevich–Rizzo in 1989, and C. Carmichael–Wiegand in 1999 did not play enough boards in order to qualify for second place{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} ** Kühn–Pioch in 1993 and F. Di Bello–S. Di Bello in 1999 did not play enough boards in order to qualify for the title of World Champion{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} Youngsters
Girls
KidsKoç University, host of the 2014 championships, sponsored an invitational tournament for "National Kids Teams" of players born 1999 and later (age 15 and under, roughly). Seven invitations were accepted: five from Europe including host Turkey, India from Asia & the Middle East, and China from Asia Pacific. The Kids played round-robin in three days with a four-team knockout, semifinals and finals, completed during the 5- and 6-day round-robin stages of the official events. France and Poland virtually tied the round robin (a margin less than 1/2 VP) and won the semifinals before Poland won the trophy over 42 deals. China beat Sweden in the third-place match. Meanwhile, India won a two-day, three-team contest for fifth place.[18] Poland, France, India, China and the host were represented in all four tournaments.[18]
==Youth Congress== | 1. | Japan}} {{flagicon|CZE}} Japan Czech Noriaki KOIKE (Jap), Michal KOPECKY (Cze), Milan MACURA (Cze), Hiroaki MIURA (Jap) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Italy}} Italy Red Massimiliano DI FRANCO, Arrigo FRANCHI, Andrea MANNO, Aldo PAPARO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | USA}} USA 1 Jason CHIU, Kevin DWYER, Kevin FAY, Jeremy FOURNIER, Justin LALL, Matthew MECKSTROTH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. | Netherlands}} Netherlands Red Bob DRIJVER, Marion MICHIELSEN, Danny MOLENAAR, Tim VERBEEK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 [23]
Opatija, Croatia
| 1. | Netherlands}} NED Juniors Berend van den BOS, Aarnout HELMICH, Gerbrand HOP, Joris van LANKVELD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Argentina}} {{flagicon|Uruguay}} ARG URU Maximo CRUSIZIO (Arg), Felipe Jose FERRO (Arg), Rodrigo GARCIA DA ROSA (Uru), Alejandro SCANAVINO (Arg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Netherlands}} {{flagicon|ROM}} {{flagicon|USA}} NED RUM Marius AGICA (USA), Bob DRIJVER (Ned), Radu NISTOR (Rom), Ernst WACKWITZ (Ned) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. | France}} France Edouard DU CORAIL, Nicolas GAYDIER, Aymeric LEBATTEUX, Simon POULAT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 [24]
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2. | Australia}} Australia Maxim HENBEST, Peter HOLLANDS, Justin HOWARD, Nathan HOWARD, Ellena MOSKOVSKY, Lauren TRAVIS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Turkey}} Turkey Erkmen AYDOGDU, Altug GOBEKLI, Berk GOKCE, Akin KOCLAR, Muhammet OZGUR, Sarper USLUPEHLIVAN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. | Japan}} Japan Yuki HARADA, Koichiro HASHIMOTO, Kosuke ITO, Tadahiro KIKUCHI, Ryoko OYAMA, Takumi SESHIMO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2. | USA}} Kristensen Brandon HARPER, Gregory HERMAN, Ben KRISTENSEN, Ryan MILLER (all USA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | China}} China XNWY Brandon Kai JIN, Tianyi JIN, Zhizhou SHA, Yiling SHEN, Kaiwen WU, Felica Xinying YU, Weichang QIU (NPC), Bing ZHAO (coach) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. | USA}} Berk Samuel AMER, Hakan BERK, Nolan CHANG, Jake OLSEN, David SOUKUP (all USA) |
; Austria, Italy, Denmark
Europe (16): 123456789 579 0234
21! rounds, first 7 of 14 days[27]
Romania and Turkey listed 23/24 at WBFdatabase did not participate
EBL from 199x, worldwide 2000, FISU 2002
13 entries: Denmark [1994, 1998], Italy, Netherlands [four recent]
Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Poland
Europe (11): 12345689 11 12 13
alongside 12th Olympiad
15 entries; Poland, Belgium, USA
VP 284 276 247[30]
Europe (12): 124689 012345
17 to 27 at beginning of year (may turn 28)[31]
Anti-Doping, Open and Women only
27 entries; China A, USA, Poland B;
Europe (16): 2345678 123578 026
champion, Tianjin Normal University
contenders CHN 25:5 USA, USA 17:13 POL, POL 22:8 CHN
VP 508 492 472[33]
21 entries; Netherlands A, Poland A, Norway A
first European (EUC) 1993 Antwerp, initiator Paul Magerman, son Geert M is now technical delegate FISU
Netherlands EUC champion 1996,97,99,01
Netherlands runaway Marion Michielsen–Meike Wortel, Bob Drijver–Merijn Groenenboom, Danny Molenaar–Tim Verbeek.
three Bulletins only, evidently days 1 to 3
Europe:
organized by FISU and the Chinese Taipei University Sports Federation (CTUSF); supervised and assisted by other Chinese Taipei bodies; conducted under WBF technical rules
round-robin teams-of-four; as many as two teams per nation, six players per team
citizens born 1982—1992 (up to 28 during calendar 2010)
current student registered in degree program or completed degree program preceding year
"For the purpose of opening and closing ceremonies, the participating delegations are requested to bring with them 2 national/regional flags (96 x 144cm) as duly registered with FISU."
14 entries; Poland, France, Israel
Poland in a runaway (11-1-1, average 21.3+ VP!); by IMPs the three Poland pairs ranked 1-2, 3-4 and 15-16 among all 73 participating players
USA B fourth but slaughtered by Poland, France, Israel (18 total; average 21 in other matches; 8-4-1)
Poland winner +31 VP before final round![36]
POL 276 FRA 238 ISR 232
Europe (6): 12359 14
Year | n | Champion | Runners up |
---|---|---|---|
2000[38]Maastricht | 24 teams | Austria}} Austria Andreas Gloyer, Arno Lindermann, Bernd Saurer, Martin Schifko | {{flag|ITA}} DEN NED |
2002[28]Bruges | 13 | Denmark}} Denmark Michael Askgaard, Gregers Bjanarson, Anders Hagen, Kasper Konow, | {{flag|ITA}} NED POL |
2004[29][39]Istanbul | 15 | Poland}} Poland Krzysztof BURAS, Jacek KALITA, Krzysztof KOTOROWICZ, Piotr MADRY, Grzegorz NARKIEWICZ, Wojciech STRZEMECKI | {{flag|BEL}} USA TUR |
2006[32][40]Tianjin | 27 | China}} China A Jing Jin, Xin Li, Jing Liu, Shu Liu, Yan Liu, Yan Wwang | {{flag|USA}} POLb SWE |
2008[34][41]Łódź | 21 | Netherlands}} Netherlands A Marion Michielsen–Meike Wortel, Bob Drijver–Merijn Groenenboom, Danny Molenaar–Tim Verbeek | {{flag|POL}}a NORa POLb |
2010[42][35] Kaohsiung | 14 | Poland}} Poland Wojciech GAWEL, Jacek KALITA, Michal NOWOSADZKI, Jan SIKORA, Piotr WIANKOWSKI, Piotr ZATORSKI | {{flag|FRA}} ISR USA[36] |
2012[37] July 10–15, Reims, France | 18 | Poland}} Poland |
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