“Yellow-tailed oriole”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Yellow-tailed oriole

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References
External links

{{Speciesbox
| image = Icterus mesomelas.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = ^[1]
| taxon = Icterus mesomelas
| authority =(Wagler, 1829)
| range_map = Icterus mesomelas map.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of I. mesomelas
}}

The yellow-tailed oriole (Icterus mesomelas) is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It breeds from southern Mexico to western Peru and northwestern Venezuela; in Peru it also lives in a river valley corridor.

The yellow-tailed oriole is {{convert|22|–|23|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|70|g|oz|abbr=on}}. It is mainly yellow with a black back, lower face and upper breast. The wings are black with yellow epaulets. The tail, seen from above, is black with yellow margins; from below, it appears almost entirely yellow. This is the only oriole with prominent yellow in the tail, hence the species’ name. The sexes are similar, but young birds have the black on the back and tail replaced with olive-green.

There are four subspecies:^[2]

I. m. mesomelas – (Wagler, 1829): nominate, found from Mexico to Honduras, has yellow fringes to the tertials
I. m. salvinii – Cassin, 1867: found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, has no yellow fringes to the tertials and is more orange than the nominate race
I. m. carrikeri – Todd, 1917: found in Panama, Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, is like salvinii, but less orange and smaller-billed
I. m. taczanowskiis – Ridgway, 1901: found in Pacific South America from Ecuador to western Peru, has white fringes to the tertials

The calls of this species include a chick and a weechaw. The song is a melodic repetition of rich whistles, chuck, chuck-yeeaow. It is often given as a duet, with the female’s response following or overlapping the male’s longer phrases.

This large oriole inhabits dense thickets, often with vines, Heliconias and similar dense growths, in swampy lowlands. The birds forage in pairs or small groups in denser vegetation than most orioles, mainly feeding on insects, although they will also take nectar and certain fruits such as gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba).

It builds a deep but thin cup nest {{Convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} high in a thorny scrub by a stream. It lays three dark-blotched white eggs, which hatch in 13 days with a further 14 days to fledging.

The yellow-tailed oriole is fairly common except in Peru and Venezuela, but is reducing in numbers in parts of its range because of persecution by the cage-bird trade; this species is valued for both its appearance and its beautiful song.

References

1. ^{{IUCN|id=22724096 |title=Icterus mesomelas |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}
2. ^¹{{cite web |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=F. |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=D. |year=2016 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 6.1) |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.6.1 |accessdate=5 March 2016}}

^[2]
}}{{refbegin}}

{{cite book |last=Hilty |first=Steven L. |date=2003 |title=Birds of Venezuela |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-7136-6418-5 }}
{{cite book |last1=Jaramillo |first1=Alvaro |last2=Burke |first2=Peter |year=1999 |title=New World Blackbirds |publisher=Christopher Helm |location=London |isbn=0-7136-4333-1}}
{{cite book |last=Stiles |first=F. Gary |last2=Skutch |first2=Alexander F. |date=1989 |title=A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica |publisher=Comstock Publishing Associates |isbn=0-8014-9600-4 }}

External links

Yellow-tailed oriole stamps from Ecuador and Mexico at bird-stamps.org
Yellow-tailed oriole photo (shows yellow tail-feathers), Photo no. 2 – "Panama Birds" gallery by Glen Tepke at pbase.com
Yellow-tailed oriole species account on the Animal Diversity Web (ADW) of the University of Michigan
{{BirdLife|22724096|Icterus mesomelas}}
{{Avibase|name=Icterus mesomelas}}
{{InternetBirdCollection|yellow-tailed-oriole-icterus-mesomelas}}
{{VIREO|yellow-tailed+oriole}}
{{NeotropicalBirds|yetori1|Yellow-tailed oriole}}
{{IUCN_Map|22724096|Icterus mesomelas}}
{{Xeno-canto species|Icterus|mesomelas|Yellow-tailed oriole}}
{{field guide birds of the world|Icterus mesomelas}}

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