| 词条 | Fusiliers Marins | |||||||
| 释义 |
| unit_name = Fusiliers Marins | image = 1er RFM flag guard Bastille Day 2008.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = The regimental colors of the 1st Regiment of Fusiliers Marins at the 2008 Bastille Day Military Parade. | dates = 1627 – present | country = {{flagcountry|France}} | branch = French Navy | type = Naval Infantry | role = Base protection Amphibious Warfare Special Operations | size = | current_commander = | garrison = Lorient Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer | ceremonial_chief = | ceremonial_chief_label = | colonel_of_the_regiment = | colours = | nickname = | motto = |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= | march = | mascot = [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fusiliers_marins_Jean_Louis_1.jpg Jean-Louis] (commandos) | battles = | notable_commanders = CDR. Philippe Kieffer LCDR Victor Servent | anniversaries = }} The Fusiliers Marins ("Naval Fusiliers") are specialized French naval infantry trained for combat in land and coastal regions. The Fusiliers Marins are also in charge of providing protection for naval vessels and key French Navy sites on land. MissionsThe Fusiliers Marins are tasked with:
The Fusiliers Marins should not be confused with the Troupes de Marine of the modern French Army. The latter corps has undergone several changes in role from marine infantry to colonial troops (Troupes coloniales) to overseas forces. It has however remained as an essentially military force while the Fusiliers Marins have throughout their history been an integral part of the French Navy. History of the French Fusiliers MarinsAncestors, Compagnies Franches de la Marine{{Main|List of ships of the line of France|Troupes de la marine|Compagnies Franches de la Marine}}In 1627, Cardinal Richelieu undertook the creation of a Naval Regiment, intended to provide soldiers for service on naval ships. Their roles were to include combat on both land or sea, under the orders of the officers of the ship. These sea-going soldiers formed part of the ship's company and helped with its sailing. The basic units were the Compagnies Franches de la Marine: separate detachments of about 70 men, each commanded by a royal lieutenant des vaisseaux, supported by two ensigns. The marine companies served in the French colonies of the period and particularly in Nouvelle-France. These formations existed under differing titles until 1825, when they were dissolved by a royal ordinance decreeing that landing parties (compagnies de débarquement) be made up of sailors. The Régiments de la Marine were subsequently succeeded by the Troupes de la marine, which later became the colonial troops (Troupes Coloniales) of the French Army, specifically raised for overseas service. Creation of a specialized corps in 1856These companies lacked specialized personnel trained for combat on land. An Imperial decree dated 5 June 1856, created the Fusiliers Marins, whose formation and training were undertaken by a battalion stationed at Lorient, Brittany. This specialized corps was put under the command of the captains and sergeants-at-arms of the various naval vessels of the French fleet, and was the direct ancestor of the modern Fusiliers Marins. Since that date, the Fusiliers Marins have participated the following conflicts:
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, following the disaster of Sedan, several brigades of Fusiliers Marins and naval artillerymen were engaged in combat at Bapaume and subsequently participated in the defense of Paris, notably at the Bourget and at L'Haÿ-les-Roses. This force formed part of the Government Armée versaillaise ({{lang-fr|armée versaillaise}}) employed in the suppression of the Paris Commune in 1871. A detachment of fusiliers marins defended the French Legation (diplomatic mission) in Peking during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. Amongst their officers was enseigne de vaisseau Paul Henry and Pierre Alexis Ronarc'h, who, in 1914, would serve as Counter-Admiral and Commandant of the Brigade de Fusiliers Marins BFM attached to the 32nd Army Corps. The Brigade de Fusiliers Marins distinguished themselves at Dixmude, on the Yser, at Longewaede, Hailles and Laffaux during the early stages of World War I. Three French ships have been named after Dixmude. The Fusiliers Marins participated in the campaigns of Free France. They initially formed a battalion then the 1er Régiment de Fusiliers Marins 1e RFM at the corps of the 1st Free French Division (1er DFL) and the 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos (1er BFMC) who served in 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando. The 177 Commandos Kieffer who disembarked on 6 June in Normandy, were Fusiliers Marins issued in principal by Free France. Other Fusiliers Marins, issued in principal from the {{ill|Armée de Vichy|fr}}, formed the Régiment Blindé de Fusiliers-Marins (RBFM) which illustrated capability with the 2nd Armored Division. Adding to the list of accessories, on 30 April 1945, the Fusiliers Marins Dupin of Saint-Cyr contributed to the liberation of the Île d'Oléron. Disembarked at 0620 at Gatseau, the troop progressed slowly in the forest facing a stern resistance. In 1945, the Far Eastern Marine Brigade (BMEO) was created with the RBFM and the 1er RFM. Based on the request of general Leclerc, the Marine Brigade formed river brigades in 1945-1946. They became the Dinassaut, which operated in Tonkin and Cochinchina from 1947 to 1954. In 1956, with the cadres of operations in Algeria, the Demi-Brigade of Fusiliers Marins (DBFM) was raised to be charge of protecting the borders between Algeria and Morocco until 1962. This demi-brigade was placed under the command of CV Ponchardier. The French Fusiliers Marins are a specialised corps of the French Navy, similar to (for example) the Royal Marines of the Royal Navy, the Spanish Navy Marines (Spanish Navy) and the San Marco Marine Brigade (Italian Navy). These are unlike the United States Marine Corps, which is an independent corps with exclusive own Marine Aviation, Marine Tank Battalions and Marine Artillery with respective naval ships attached to the United States Navy. UniformsThe Naval Fusiliers wear a dark blue beret in their combat dress uniforms, pulled right with their own distinctive badge worn over the left eye or temple. Along with the Naval Commandos, they are unique among French forces in wearing the beret this way. When wearing regular dress uniforms, the sailor cap is used by junior ratings and the peaked cap by senior petty officers and officers. EquipmentWeapons usedAssault Rifles
Inflatable boats
Ground vehicles
Notable fusilier marins
See also
NotesReferences
External links{{Commons category|Fusiliers marins}}
2 : French naval components|Marines |
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