“Gamma Geminorum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Alhena is an evolving star that is exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core and has entered the subgiant stage. The spectrum matches a stellar classification of A0 IV.^[24] Compared to the Sun it has 2.8^[12] times the mass and 3.3^[13] times the radius. It is radiating around 123^[13] times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 9,260 K.^[14] This gives it a white hue typical of an A-class star.^[29]

Alhena is a spectroscopic binary system with a period of 12.6 years (4,614.51 days) in a highly eccentric Keplerian orbit.^[11]

Etymology

γ Geminorum (Latinised to Gamma Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Alhena is derived from the Arabic الهنعة Al Han'ah, 'the brand' (on the neck of the camel), whilst the alternate name Almeisan is from the Arabic المیسان Al Maisan, 'the shining one.' Al Hanʽah was the name of star association consisting of this star, along with Mu Geminorum (Tejat Posterior), Nu Geminorum, Eta Geminorum (Tejat Prior) and Xi Geminorum (Alzirr). They also were associated in Al Nuḥātai, the dual form of Al Nuḥāt, 'a Camel's Hump'.^[31] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[2] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[3] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Alhena for this star.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Nir al Henat, which was translated into Latin as Prima του al Henat, meaning 'the brightest of Al Henat'.^[34]

In Chinese, {{lang|zh|井宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Jǐng Su}}), meaning Well (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of γ Geminorum, ε Geminorum, ζ Geminorum, λ Geminorum, μ Geminorum, ν Geminorum, ξ Geminorum and d Geminorum.^[4] Consequently, γ Geminorum itself is known as {{lang|zh|井宿三}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Jǐng Su sān}}, {{lang-en|the Third Star of Well}}.)^[5]

In culture

Alhena was the name of a Dutch ship that rescued many people from an Italian cruise liner, the Principessa Mafalda, in October 1927.^[6] In addition, the American attack cargo ship {{USS|Alhena|AKA-9}} was named after the star.

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
4. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.
5. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm |date=October 25, 2008 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
6. ^http://www.markos.it/quaderni/plata.htm Italian account of the Principessa Malfeda.
7. ^¹{{citation | title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation | last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch. | journal=Astronomy Letters | volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012 | bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 | arxiv=1108.4971 | postscript=. }}
8. ^¹²{{citation | last1=Shaya | first1=Ed J. | last2=Olling | first2=Rob P. | title=Very Wide Binaries and Other Comoving Stellar Companions: A Bayesian Analysis of the Hipparcos Catalogue | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement | volume=192 | issue=1 | page=2 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/2 | bibcode=2011ApJS..192....2S |arxiv = 1007.0425 }}
9. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | last1=Malagnini | first1=M. L. | last2=Morossi | first2=C. | title=Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=85 | issue=3 | pages=1015–1019 |date=November 1990 | bibcode=1990A&AS...85.1015M }}
10. ^¹{{cite book | last=Allen | first=R. H. | date=1963 | authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Gemini*.html | accessdate=2010-12-12 | edition=Reprint | publisher=Dover Publications Inc | location=New York | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=234}}
11. ^¹{{cite journal | last=Knobel | first=E. B. | title=Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=55 | issue=8 | page=429 |date=June 1895 | bibcode=1895MNRAS..55..429K | doi=10.1093/mnras/55.8.429}}
12. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | last1=Adelman | first1=Saul J. | last2=Philip | first2=A. G. Davis | title=Elemental abundances of the B and A stars. 2: Gamma Geminorum, HD 60825, 7 Sextantis, HR 4817, and HR 5780 | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=106 | issue=706 | pages=1239–1247 |date=December 1994 | doi=10.1086/133501 | bibcode=1994PASP..106.1239A }}
13. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Cowley | first1=A. | last2=Cowley | first2=C. | last3=Jaschek | first3=M. | last4=Jaschek | first4=C. | title=A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=74 | pages=375–406 |date=April 1969 | doi=10.1086/110819 | bibcode=1969AJ.....74..375C }}
14. ^¹{{cite conference | last1=Evans | first1=D. S. | date=June 20–24, 1966 | editor1-last=Batten | editor1-first=Alan Henry | editor2-last=Heard | editor2-first=John Frederick | contribution=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities | title=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 | journal=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications | volume=30 | pages=57 | location=University of Toronto | publisher=International Astronomical Union | bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E }}
15. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=H. | last3=Stock | first3=J. | last4=Torres | first4=C. | last5=Wroblewski | first5=H. | title=A System of photometric standards | journal=Publ. Dept. Astron. Univ. Chile | publisher=Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy | volume=1 | pages=1–17 | date=1966 | bibcode=1966PDAUC...1....1G }}
16. ^¹{{citation | title=ALHENA -- Spectroscopic binary | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Geminorum | accessdate=2012-02-04 }}
17. ^¹{{citation |title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archivedate=2012-03-10 |df= }}
18. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Lehmann | first1=H. | last2=Andrievsky | first2=S. M. | last3=Egorova | first3=I. | last4=Hildebrandt | first4=G. | last5=Korotin | first5=S. A. | last6=Panov | first6=K. P. | last7=Scholz | first7=G. | last8=Schönberner | first8=D. | title=The spectroscopic binaries 21 Her and gamma Gem | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=383 | issue=2 | pages=558–567 |date=February 2002 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011746 | bibcode=2002A&A...383..558L }}
19. ^¹{{citation | title=Precise Rotation Rates for Five Slowly Rotating a Stars | last1=Gray | first1=David F. | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=147 | issue=4 | id=81 | pages=13 | date=April 2014 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/147/4/81 | bibcode=2014AJ....147...81G }}

词条	Gamma Geminorum
释义	Properties Etymology In culture References {{Starbox begin \| name = γ Geminorum }}{{Starbox image \| image={{Location mark \|image=Gemini constellation map.svg\|alt=\|float=center\|width=260 \|label=\|position=right \|mark=Red circle.svg\|mark_width=10\|mark_link=γ Gem \|x=645\|y=542 }} \|caption=Location of γ Geminorum (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000 \| ra = {{RA\|06\|37\|42.71050}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+16\|23\|57.4095}} \| appmag_v = 1.915^[3] \| constell = Gemini }}{{Starbox character \| class = A1.5IV+ \| b-v = +0.005^[3] \| u-b = +0.137^[3] \| variable = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = -12.5^[6] \| prop_mo_ra = +13.81 \| prop_mo_dec = -54.96 \| parallax = 29.84 \| p_error = 2.23 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = −0.68^[10] }}{{Starbox orbit \| reference = ^[11] \| primary = \| name = \| period_unitless = 4,614.51 days \| axis = \| axis_unitless = \| eccentricity = 0.8933 ± 0.0013 \| inclination = \| node = \| periastron = 244399.13 ± 0.77 \| periarg = 312.60 ± 0.60 \| periarg_primary = \| k1 = 11.881 ± 0.068 \| k2 = }}{{Starbox detail \| mass = 2.81^[12] \| radius = 3.3^[13] \| gravity = 3.60^[14] \| luminosity = 123^[13] \| temperature = 9,260^[14] \| metal_fe = –0.12^[14] \| rotational_velocity = {{Val\|10.7\|0.2}}^[18] \| age_gyr = }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = Alhena, 24 Geminorum, BD+16°1223, FK5 251, GCTP1539.00, HIP 31681, HD 47105, HR 2421, SAO 95912^[20] }}{{Starbox reference \| Simbad = gamma+Gem }}{{Starbox end}}Gamma Geminorum (γ Geminorum, abbreviated Gamma Gem, γ Gem), also called Alhena,^[1] is the third-brightest object in the constellation of Gemini. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 1.9,^[3] making it easily visible to the naked eye even in urban regions. Based upon parallax measurements with the Hipparcos satellite, it is located at a distance of roughly {{Convert\|109\|ly\|pc\|abbr=off\|lk=on}} from the Sun. Properties Alhena is an evolving star that is exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core and has entered the subgiant stage. The spectrum matches a stellar classification of A0 IV.^[24] Compared to the Sun it has 2.8^[12] times the mass and 3.3^[13] times the radius. It is radiating around 123^[13] times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 9,260 K.^[14] This gives it a white hue typical of an A-class star.^[29] Alhena is a spectroscopic binary system with a period of 12.6 years (4,614.51 days) in a highly eccentric Keplerian orbit.^[11] Etymology γ Geminorum (Latinised to Gamma Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Alhena is derived from the Arabic الهنعة Al Han'ah, 'the brand' (on the neck of the camel), whilst the alternate name Almeisan is from the Arabic المیسان Al Maisan, 'the shining one.' Al Hanʽah was the name of star association consisting of this star, along with Mu Geminorum (Tejat Posterior), Nu Geminorum, Eta Geminorum (Tejat Prior) and Xi Geminorum (Alzirr). They also were associated in Al Nuḥātai, the dual form of Al Nuḥāt, 'a Camel's Hump'.^[31] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[2] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[3] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Alhena for this star. In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Nir al Henat, which was translated into Latin as Prima του al Henat, meaning 'the brightest of Al Henat'.^[34] In Chinese, {{lang\|zh\|井宿}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Jǐng Su}}), meaning Well (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of γ Geminorum, ε Geminorum, ζ Geminorum, λ Geminorum, μ Geminorum, ν Geminorum, ξ Geminorum and d Geminorum.^[4] Consequently, γ Geminorum itself is known as {{lang\|zh\|井宿三}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Jǐng Su sān}}, {{lang-en\|the Third Star of Well}}.)^[5] In culture Alhena was the name of a Dutch ship that rescued many people from an Italian cruise liner, the Principessa Mafalda, in October 1927.^[6] In addition, the American attack cargo ship {{USS\|Alhena\|AKA-9}} was named after the star. References 1. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt \| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ \| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)\|accessdate=22 May 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf \| title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 4. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN\|978-986-7332-25-7}}. 5. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm \|date=October 25, 2008 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 6. ^http://www.markos.it/quaderni/plata.htm Italian account of the Principessa Malfeda. 7. ^¹{{citation \| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation \| last1=Anderson \| first1=E. \| last2=Francis \| first2=Ch. \| journal=Astronomy Letters \| volume=38 \| issue=5 \| pages=331 \| year=2012 \| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A \| doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 \| arxiv=1108.4971 \| postscript=. }} 8. ^¹²{{citation \| last1=Shaya \| first1=Ed J. \| last2=Olling \| first2=Rob P. \| title=Very Wide Binaries and Other Comoving Stellar Companions: A Bayesian Analysis of the Hipparcos Catalogue \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement \| volume=192 \| issue=1 \| page=2 \|date=January 2011 \| doi=10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/2 \| bibcode=2011ApJS..192....2S \|arxiv = 1007.0425 }} 9. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| last1=Malagnini \| first1=M. L. \| last2=Morossi \| first2=C. \| title=Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series \| volume=85 \| issue=3 \| pages=1015–1019 \|date=November 1990 \| bibcode=1990A&AS...85.1015M }} 10. ^¹{{cite book \| last=Allen \| first=R. H. \| date=1963 \| authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen \| title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning \| url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Gemini*.html \| accessdate=2010-12-12 \| edition=Reprint \| publisher=Dover Publications Inc \| location=New York \| isbn=0-486-21079-0 \| page=234}} 11. ^¹{{cite journal \| last=Knobel \| first=E. B. \| title=Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket \| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society \| volume=55 \| issue=8 \| page=429 \|date=June 1895 \| bibcode=1895MNRAS..55..429K \| doi=10.1093/mnras/55.8.429}} 12. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| last1=Adelman \| first1=Saul J. \| last2=Philip \| first2=A. G. Davis \| title=Elemental abundances of the B and A stars. 2: Gamma Geminorum, HD 60825, 7 Sextantis, HR 4817, and HR 5780 \| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific \| volume=106 \| issue=706 \| pages=1239–1247 \|date=December 1994 \| doi=10.1086/133501 \| bibcode=1994PASP..106.1239A }} 13. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Cowley \| first1=A. \| last2=Cowley \| first2=C. \| last3=Jaschek \| first3=M. \| last4=Jaschek \| first4=C. \| title=A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications \| journal=Astronomical Journal \| volume=74 \| pages=375–406 \|date=April 1969 \| doi=10.1086/110819 \| bibcode=1969AJ.....74..375C }} 14. ^¹{{cite conference \| last1=Evans \| first1=D. S. \| date=June 20–24, 1966 \| editor1-last=Batten \| editor1-first=Alan Henry \| editor2-last=Heard \| editor2-first=John Frederick \| contribution=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities \| title=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 \| journal=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications \| volume=30 \| pages=57 \| location=University of Toronto \| publisher=International Astronomical Union \| bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E }} 15. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Gutierrez-Moreno \| first1=Adelina \| last2=Moreno \| first2=H. \| last3=Stock \| first3=J. \| last4=Torres \| first4=C. \| last5=Wroblewski \| first5=H. \| title=A System of photometric standards \| journal=Publ. Dept. Astron. Univ. Chile \| publisher=Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy \| volume=1 \| pages=1–17 \| date=1966 \| bibcode=1966PDAUC...1....1G }} 16. ^¹{{citation \| title=ALHENA -- Spectroscopic binary \| work=SIMBAD \| publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg \| url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Geminorum \| accessdate=2012-02-04 }} 17. ^¹{{citation \|title=The Colour of Stars \|date=December 21, 2004 \|work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education \|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation \|url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|accessdate=2012-01-16 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|archivedate=2012-03-10 \|df= }} 18. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Lehmann \| first1=H. \| last2=Andrievsky \| first2=S. M. \| last3=Egorova \| first3=I. \| last4=Hildebrandt \| first4=G. \| last5=Korotin \| first5=S. A. \| last6=Panov \| first6=K. P. \| last7=Scholz \| first7=G. \| last8=Schönberner \| first8=D. \| title=The spectroscopic binaries 21 Her and gamma Gem \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=383 \| issue=2 \| pages=558–567 \|date=February 2002 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011746 \| bibcode=2002A&A...383..558L }} 19. ^¹{{citation \| title=Precise Rotation Rates for Five Slowly Rotating a Stars \| last1=Gray \| first1=David F. \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| volume=147 \| issue=4 \| id=81 \| pages=13 \| date=April 2014 \| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/147/4/81 \| bibcode=2014AJ....147...81G }} ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] }}{{Stars of Gemini}} 10 : Bayer objects\|Flamsteed objects\|Gemini (constellation)\|A-type subgiants\|Spectroscopic binaries\|Stars with proper names\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Hipparcos objects\|Durchmusterung objects
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Properties

Etymology

In culture

References