“1658 Innes”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

1658 Innes, provisional designation {{mp|1953 NA}}, is a rare-type asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Robert T. A. Innes.

Discovery

It was the first numbered discovery of astronomer Jacobus Bruwer. In addition, he also discovered the minor planets 1660 Wood, 1794 Finsen, and 3284 Niebuhr. The asteroid 1811 Bruwer was named in his honour by the Dutch, Dutch-American astronomer trio of the Palomar–Leiden survey.^[24]

Orbit and classification

It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,495 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. Innes was first identified as {{mp|1940 GB}} at Turku Observatory in 1940, extending the body's observation arc by 13 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[23]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen taxonomy, Innes has an AS-spectral type, an intermediate form of the rare A-types to the common stony asteroids (also see category listing).^[27]

Rotation period

In May 2005, astronomers Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, and Lorenzo Franco at Balzaretto Observatory, near Rome, each obtained a rotational lightcurve of Innes. The photometric observations gave an identical rotation period of {{val|3.191|0.001}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 and 0.25 magnitude, respectively ({{small|U=3/3}}).^[8]^[9]

Diameter and albedo

According to the 2014-revised survey result of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Innes measures 13.35 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.248,^[4] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 14.76 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.52.^[7]

Naming

This minor planet was named for Scottish–South African astronomer Robert T. A. Innes (1861–1933), first director of the discovering Union Observatory from 1903 to 1927 (originally named Transvaal Observatory). He was a skilled observational astronomer, famous for his deliberate search and discovery of the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, in 1915. He also made important theoretical and computational contributions to celestial mechanics and to the irregular rotation of the Earth. The astronomer is also honored by the lunar crater Innes.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small|M.P.C. 3297}}).^[33]

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |title = JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: spec. type = A (SMASSII) |publisher = JPL Solar System Dynamics |url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ax;c1_op=%3D;c1_value=A;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAiAx;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA |accessdate = 23 December 2016}}
2. ^¹²{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1658) Innes |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 132 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1659 |chapter = (1658) Innes }}
3. ^¹{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1811) Bruwer |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 145 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1812 |chapter = (1811) Bruwer }}
4. ^¹²{{cite web |title = 1658 Innes (1953 NA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1658 |accessdate = 23 December 2016}}
5. ^¹{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 23 December 2016}}
6. ^¹²³{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 23 December 2016}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (1658) Innes |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1658%7CInnes |accessdate = 23 December 2016}}
8. ^¹²³{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }}
9. ^¹²³{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 23 December 2016}}
10. ^¹²{{Cite journal |first1 = Lorenzo |last1 = Franco |first2 = Riccardo |last2 = Papini |date = October 2014 |title = Rotational Period for 1658 Innes, (10597) 1995 TR10, and 30017 Shaundatta |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..243F |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 41 |issue = 4 |pages = 243–244 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..243F |access-date= 23 December 2016}}
11. ^¹²{{Cite journal |author = Stephens, Robert D. |date = October 2014 |title = Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 April-June |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..226S |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 41 |issue = 4 |pages = 226–230 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..226S |access-date= 23 December 2016}}
12. ^¹{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 23 December 2016}}

词条	1658 Innes
释义	Discovery Orbit and classification Physical characteristics Rotation period Diameter and albedo Naming References External links {{Infobox planet \| minorplanet = yes \| name = 1658 Innes \| background = #D6D6D6 \| image = \| image_size = \| caption = \| discovery_ref = \| discovered = 13 July 1953 \| discoverer = J. A. Bruwer \| discovery_site = Johannesburg Obs. \| mpc_name = (1658) Innes \| alt_names = 1953 NA{{·}}1940 GB 1948 EM{{·}}1949 QA 1953 OF{{·}}1953 PN 1957 OE \| named_after = Robert T. A. Innes {{small\|(astronomer)}}^[2] \| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small\|(middle)}} \| orbit_ref = \| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) \| uncertainty = 0 \| observation_arc = 77.08 yr (28,155 days) \| aphelion = 3.0302 AU \| perihelion = 2.0866 AU \| semimajor = 2.5584 AU \| eccentricity = 0.1844 \| period = 4.09 yr (1,495 days) \| mean_anomaly = 247.27° \| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.2409\|sup=ms}} / day \| inclination = 9.0941° \| asc_node = 95.441° \| arg_peri = 188.76° \| dimensions = {{val\|13.352\|0.140}} km^[4] {{val\|13.54\|1.17}} km^[5] {{val\|14.082\|0.042}} km^[6] 14.76 km {{small\|(calculated)}}^[7] \| rotation = {{val\|3.191\|0.001}} h^[8]^[9] \| albedo = 0.20 {{small\|(assumed)}}^[7] {{val\|0.2241\|0.0369}}^[6] {{val\|0.248\|0.019}}^[4] {{val\|0.626\|0.318}}^[5] \| spectral_type = B–V = 0.960 U–B = 0.610 Tholen = AS {{·}}AS ^[7] \| abs_magnitude = {{val\|11.27\|0.41}}^[18]{{·}}10.47^[5]{{·}}11.52^[7]^[6] }} 1658 Innes, provisional designation {{mp\|1953 NA}}, is a rare-type asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Robert T. A. Innes. Discovery Innes was discovered on 13 July 1953, by South African astronomer Jacobus Bruwer at Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa.^[23] It was the first numbered discovery of astronomer Jacobus Bruwer. In addition, he also discovered the minor planets 1660 Wood, 1794 Finsen, and 3284 Niebuhr. The asteroid 1811 Bruwer was named in his honour by the Dutch, Dutch-American astronomer trio of the Palomar–Leiden survey.^[24] Orbit and classification It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,495 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. Innes was first identified as {{mp\|1940 GB}} at Turku Observatory in 1940, extending the body's observation arc by 13 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[23] Physical characteristics In the Tholen taxonomy, Innes has an AS-spectral type, an intermediate form of the rare A-types to the common stony asteroids (also see category listing).^[27] Rotation period In May 2005, astronomers Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, and Lorenzo Franco at Balzaretto Observatory, near Rome, each obtained a rotational lightcurve of Innes. The photometric observations gave an identical rotation period of {{val\|3.191\|0.001}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 and 0.25 magnitude, respectively ({{small\|U=3/3}}).^[8]^[9] Diameter and albedo According to the 2014-revised survey result of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Innes measures 13.35 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.248,^[4] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 14.76 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.52.^[7] Naming This minor planet was named for Scottish–South African astronomer Robert T. A. Innes (1861–1933), first director of the discovering Union Observatory from 1903 to 1927 (originally named Transvaal Observatory). He was a skilled observational astronomer, famous for his deliberate search and discovery of the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, in 1915. He also made important theoretical and computational contributions to celestial mechanics and to the irregular rotation of the Earth. The astronomer is also honored by the lunar crater Innes.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small\|M.P.C. 3297}}).^[33] References 1. ^¹{{cite web \|title = JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: spec. type = A (SMASSII) \|publisher = JPL Solar System Dynamics \|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ax;c1_op=%3D;c1_value=A;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAiAx;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA \|accessdate = 23 December 2016}} 2. ^¹²{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1658) Innes \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 132 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1659 \|chapter = (1658) Innes }} 3. ^¹{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1811) Bruwer \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 145 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1812 \|chapter = (1811) Bruwer }} 4. ^¹²{{cite web \|title = 1658 Innes (1953 NA) \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1658 \|accessdate = 23 December 2016}} 5. ^¹{{cite web \|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html \|accessdate = 23 December 2016}} 6. ^¹²³{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = A. K. \|last3 = Mainzer \|first4 = C. R. \|last4 = Nugent \|first5 = J. M. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = R. \|last6 = Stevenson \|first7 = S. \|last7 = Sonnett \|date = August 2014 \|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 791 \|issue = 2 \|page = 11 \|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 \|arxiv = 1406.6645 \|access-date= 23 December 2016}} 7. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web \|title = LCDB Data for (1658) Innes \|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) \|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1658%7CInnes \|accessdate = 23 December 2016}} 8. ^¹²³{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = A. \|last1 = Mainzer \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Masiero \|first4 = E. \|last4 = Hand \|first5 = J. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = D. \|last6 = Tholen \|first7 = R. S. \|last7 = McMillan \|first8 = T. \|last8 = Spahr \|first9 = R. M. \|last9 = Cutri \|first10 = E. \|last10 = Wright \|first11 = J. \|last11 = Watkins \|first12 = W. \|last12 = Mo \|first13 = C. \|last13 = Maleszewski \|date = November 2011 \|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 741 \|issue = 2 \|page = 25 \|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 \|arxiv = 1109.6407 }} 9. ^¹²³{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = A. K. \|last2 = Mainzer \|first3 = T. \|last3 = Grav \|first4 = J. M. \|last4 = Bauer \|first5 = R. M. \|last5 = Cutri \|first6 = C. \|last6 = Nugent \|first7 = M. S. \|last7 = Cabrera \|date = November 2012 \|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters \|volume = 759 \|issue = 1 \|page = 5 \|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M \|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 \|arxiv = 1209.5794 \|access-date= 23 December 2016}} 10. ^¹²{{Cite journal \|first1 = Lorenzo \|last1 = Franco \|first2 = Riccardo \|last2 = Papini \|date = October 2014 \|title = Rotational Period for 1658 Innes, (10597) 1995 TR10, and 30017 Shaundatta \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..243F \|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin \|volume = 41 \|issue = 4 \|pages = 243–244 \|issn = 1052-8091 \|bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..243F \|access-date= 23 December 2016}} 11. ^¹²{{Cite journal \|author = Stephens, Robert D. \|date = October 2014 \|title = Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 April-June \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..226S \|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin \|volume = 41 \|issue = 4 \|pages = 226–230 \|issn = 1052-8091 \|bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..226S \|access-date= 23 December 2016}} 12. ^¹{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Peter \|last1 = Veres \|first2 = Robert \|last2 = Jedicke \|first3 = Alan \|last3 = Fitzsimmons \|first4 = Larry \|last4 = Denneau \|first5 = Mikael \|last5 = Granvik \|first6 = Bryce \|last6 = Bolin \|first7 = Serge \|last7 = Chastel \|first8 = Richard J. \|last8 = Wainscoat \|first9 = William S. \|last9 = Burgett \|first10 = Kenneth C. \|last10 = Chambers \|first11 = Heather \|last11 = Flewelling \|first12 = Nick \|last12 = Kaiser \|first13 = Eugen A. \|last13 = Magnier \|first14 = Jeff S. \|last14 = Morgan \|first15 = Paul A. \|last15 = Price \|first16 = John L. \|last16 = Tonry \|first17 = Christopher \|last17 = Waters \|date = November 2015 \|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 261 \|pages = 34–47 \|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 \|arxiv = 1506.00762 \|access-date= 23 December 2016}} ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] }} External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info) [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center {{JPL small body}} {{Minor planets navigator\|1657 Roemera\|number=1658\|1659 Punkaharju}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Innes}} 6 : Rafita asteroids\|Discoveries by Jacobus Albertus Bruwer\|Minor planets named for people\|Named minor planets\|AS-type asteroids (Tholen)\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1953
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