| 词条 | Genu valgum |
| 释义 |
| name = Genu valgum | synonyms = | image = Valgus.jpg | caption = A very severe case of genu valgum of the left knee following bone cancer treatment. | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened. Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs. The term originates from the Latin genu, "knee", and valgus which actually means bent outwards, but in this case, it is used to describe the distal portion of the knee joint which bends outwards and thus the proximal portion seems to be bent inwards. For citation and more information on uses of the words Valgus and Varus, please visit the internal link to -varus. Mild genu valgum is diagnosed when a person standing upright with the feet touching also shows the knees touching. It can be seen in children from ages 2 to 5, and is often corrected naturally as children grow. However, the condition may continue or worsen with age, particularly when it is the result of a disease, such as rickets. Idiopathic genu valgum is a form that is either congenital or has no known cause. Other systemic conditions may be associated, such as Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy, an autosomal dominant condition frequently reported with hyperlipidemia. CauseWhile genu valgum is often a symptom of genetic disorders it can be caused by poor nutrition. A major contributor to genu valgum is obesity, and far less commonly calcium and vitamin D deficiencies[1]. DiagnosticThe degree of genu valgum can be estimated by the {{visible anchor|Q angle}}, which is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle. In women, the Q angle should be less than 22 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 9 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. In men, the Q angle should be less than 18 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 8 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. A typical Q angle is 12 degrees for men and 17 degrees for women.[2] TreatmentPersons with genu valgum often have collapsed inner arches of their feet, and their inner ankle bones are generally lower than their outer ankle bones. Adults with uncorrected genu valgum are typically prone to injury and chronic knee problems such as chondromalacia and osteoarthritis. These in turn can cause severe pain and problems in walking. It is normal for children to have genu valgum between the ages of two and five years of age, and almost all of them resolve as the child grows older. If symptoms are prolonged and pronounced or hereditary, doctors often use orthotic shoes or leg braces at night to gently move a child's leg back into position. If the condition persists and worsens later in life, surgery may be required to relieve pain and complications resulting from severe or hereditary genu valgum. Available surgical procedures include adjustments to the lower femur and total knee replacement (TKR). Weight loss and substitution of high-impact for low-impact exercise can help slow progression of the condition. With every step, the patient's weight places a distortion on the knee toward a knocked knee position, and the effect is increased with increased angle or increased weight. Even in the normal knee position, the femurs function at an angle because they connect to the hip girdle at points much further apart than they connect at the knees. Working with a physical medicine specialist such as a physiatrist, or a physiotherapist may assist a patient learning how to improve outcomes and use the leg muscles properly to support the bone structures. Alternative or complementary treatments may include certain procedures from Iyengar Yoga or the Feldenkrais Method. Rarely, the bone malformation underlying genu valgum can be traced to a lack of nutrition necessary for bone growth, which can cause conditions such as rickets (lack of bone nutrients, especially dietary vitamin D and calcium), or scurvy (lack of vitamin C). The correction of the underlying vitamin deficiency may restore a more normal progression of bone growth. See also
References1. ^{{Cite website| author = NHS | title = Knock Knees |date=January 2016 | url = http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/knock-knees/symptoms-and-causes}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | authors = Mohammad-Jafar Emami, Mohammad-Hossein Ghahramani, Farzad Abdinejad and Hamid Namazi | title = Q-angle: an invaluable parameter for evaluation of anterior knee pain | journal = Archives of Iranian medicine | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–26 |date=January 2007 | doi = | pmid = 17198449}} 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Di6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA299&lpg=PA299&dq=%22+Xavier+Delore%22+1828&source=bl&ots=LSBf55kyiW&sig=QXXfCTSkvHowT0Em_N2JwYgGjnE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eDZKU5-SJaik2gX-_IHQCQ&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22%20Xavier%20Delore%22%201828&f=false The American illustrated medical dictionary] by William Alexander Newman Dorland, Edgar Calvin Le Roy Mille External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 29408 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|74|1|q|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|736.41}}, {{ICD9|755.64}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001263 | eMedicineSubj = orthoped | eMedicineTopic = 495 | MeSH =D056304 }}
3 : Medical conditions related to obesity|Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system|Knee injuries and disorders |
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