“Agde”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Agde ({{IPA-fr|aɡd(ə)}}; {{lang-oc|Agde}} {{IPA-oc|ˈadde, ˈate|}}) is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France. It is the Mediterranean port of the Canal du Midi.

Location

Agde is located on the River Hérault, {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=off}} from the Mediterranean Sea, and {{convert|750|km|0|abbr=off}} from Paris. The Canal du Midi connects to the Hérault at the Agde Round Lock ("L'Écluse Ronde d'Agde") just above Agde and the Hérault flows into the Mediterranean at Le Grau d'Agde.

History

Foundation

Agde (525 B.C.) is one of the oldest towns in France, right behind Béziers (575 B.C.) and Marseilles (600 B.C.).^[1]

Agde (Agathe Tyche, "good fortune") was a 5th-century B.C. Greek colony settled by Phocaeans from Massilia. The symbol of the city, the bronze Ephebe of Agde, of the 4th century BCE, recovered from the fluvial sands of the Hérault, was joined in December 2001 by two Early Imperial Roman bronzes, of a child and of Eros, which had possibly been on their way to a villa in Gallia Narbonensis when they were lost in a shipwreck.

Development

In the history of Roman Catholicism in France, the Council of Agde was held 10 September 506 at Agde, under the presidency of Caesarius of Arles. It was attended by thirty-five bishops, and its forty-seven genuine canons dealt "with ecclesiastical discipline". One of its canons (the seventh), forbidding ecclesiastics to sell or alienate the property of the church from which they derived their living, seems to be the earliest mention of the later system of benefices.^[2]^[3]

Population

Architecture

Agde is known for the distinctive black basalt used in local buildings such as the cathedral of Saint Stephen, built in the 12th century to replace a 9th-century Carolingian edifice built on the foundations of a fifth-century Roman church.

Bishop Guillaume fortified the cathedral's precincts and provided it with a 35-metre donjon (keep). The Romanesque cloister of the cathedral was demolished in 1857.

Jewish community

It is assumed that a Jewish community was established in the town around the sixth century AD. During the council of Agde, assembled by the Catholic church in 506 AD, Christian laymen and ecclesiastics were prohibited from eating with Jews or hosting them. This prohibition suggests that the town Jews held good relations with their town neighbours. It is also assumed that the Jewish community was never large, since it did not own a cemetery and buried their dead in Béziers, three miles away.^[5]

The Jewish name of the city was Agdi, or Akdi (אגדי).^[6] During World War II, about two thousand Jews from Germany and Austria were sent to a labour camp near the town; most were deported on 24 August 1942.^[7]

Sport and leisure

Agde has a football club RCO Agde who play at the Stade Louis Sanguin.^[8] They currently play in the Championnat de France amateur 2.

Agde also has a rugby club, Rugby Olympique Agathois (ROA), who play in the French Federale 1 competition.

Twin towns - sister cities

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|author=Ludovic Trabuchet |url=http://www.midilibre.fr/2013/03/11/beziers-la-grecque-des-fouilles-au-livre,658082.php |title=Des révélations sur le passé grec de Béziers |publisher=Midilibre.fr |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01206b.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Agde |publisher=www.newadvent.org |accessdate=2009-10-08 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091029212521/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01206b.htm| archivedate= 29 October 2009 | deadurl= no}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/506agdechurchslaves.html |title=Medieval Sourcebook: Council of Agde: Concerning Slaves of the Church, 506 |publisher=www.fordham.edu |accessdate=2009-10-08 }}
4. ^The sculpture rebaptised Amphitrite formerly stood on the façade of the Palais du Trocadéro, built for the Exposition Universelle (1878) and demolished to make way for the Exposition of 1937. She was preserved and offered to the city, where she now symbolizes Agde's maritime vocation. (Patrimoine français {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612055900/http://www.patrimoine-de-france.org/oeuvres/richesses-53-15268-108240-P59365-264491.html |date=2008-06-12 }}; Hérault'>Tribune Découvrir Agde)
5. ^AGDE - JewishEncyclopedia.com
6. ^Agde - Encyclopaedia Judaica | Encyclopedia.com
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=imcpl1111&tabID=T003&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CCX2587500521&&docId=GALE%7cCX2587500521&docType=GALE|title=- Gale - Enter Product Login|work=galegroup.com}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/france/racing-club-olympique-agathois/5569/|title=France - RC Olympique Agathois - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway|work=soccerway.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|url= https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:NmIdPynYagwJ:www.femp.es/index.php/femp/content/download/4974/41927/file/070202%2520con%2520EUROPA%2520v2.pdf+ciudades+hermanadas+Antequera+Agde&hl=es&gl=es&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgpqq6OjDbTNRmmHYQAo-Ygy2znCzuWEWpKrqQXrjL-4KqHY5AWOi4bR1Mlf_cUctPJ0FI2WVQBkWRd8QCnaKa27iSzhFoud0nqyZd7SW9kpAbhXAm7wKbq6tIDqgSH6yuHfovY&sig=AFQjCNEn-KhxZifTi7TMhwnBeRL1MJWLbA|title = Spanish local corporations twinned with Europe|publisher = Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces|accessdate = October 30, 2009}}