“George Anthony Dondero”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

George Anthony Dondero (December 16, 1883 – January 29, 1968) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of Michigan.

Biography

Dondero was born on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan, which has since become part of Detroit. His father was an immigrant from Italy and his mother was an immigrant from Germany. He served as the village clerk of Royal Oak, Michigan in 1905 and 1906, as town treasurer in 1907 and 1908, and as village assessor in 1909. He graduated from the Detroit College of Law in 1910, was admitted to the bar, and started a practice in Royal Oak the same year. He was village attorney, 1911–1921 and assistant prosecuting attorney for Oakland County in 1918 and 1919. He was mayor of Royal Oak in 1921 and 1922 and a member of the board of education, 1910-1928.

In 1932, he was elected as a Republican to the 73rd United States Congress and the eleven succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1933 to January 3, 1957. He represented Michigan's 17th congressional district, which was newly created following redistricting after the 1930 census. Following the 1950 census, most of Dondero's territory became the 18th district. Dondero was elected two more times from this district. Both districts are now obsolete.

From 1937 to 1947 Dondero served as ranking member of the House Committee on Education. He was chairman of the Committee on Public Works in the 80th and 81st Congresses. In 1954, he sponsored the bill creating the Saint Lawrence Seaway, which allowed large ocean-going vessels access to the Great Lakes.

A sympathiser with McCarthyism,^[1] Dondero claimed American liberals had been responsible for a "whitewash" over the Amerasia affair. In 1947, Dondero tried to block the trial of IG Farben executives for war crimes at Nuremberg by withholding funding for the prosecution team before indictments could be handed down.^[2]

Dondero was most notable for mounting an attack on modern art, which he claimed to be inspired by Communism. He asserted that "Cubism aims to destroy by designed disorder... Dadaism aims to destroy by ridicule... Abstractionism aims to destroy by the creation of brainstorms".^[3] In 1952, Dondero went on to tell Congress that modern art was, in fact, a conspiracy by Moscow to spread communism in the United States.^[4] This speech won him the International Fine Arts Council's Gold Medal of Honor for "dedicated service to American Art."^[5] When art critic Emily Genauer (future winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism) interviewed Dondero in the mid-1950s he stated "modern art is Communistic because it is distorted and ugly, because it does not glorify our beautiful country, our cheerful and smiling people, our material progress. Art which does not glorify our beautiful country in plain simple terms that everyone can understand breeds dissatisfaction. It is therefore opposed to our government and those who promote it are our enemies."^[6] When Genauer pointed out the resemblance between his views and those of the Stalinist Communists he despised, Dondero was so enraged that he arranged to have her fired from her job at the New York Herald Tribune.^[6]

Dondero named his son after Abraham Lincoln's son. Dondero died at the age of 84 in Royal Oak, Michigan and is interred there at Oakview Cemetery. Dondero High School in Royal Oak was named for him.

References

The Detroit News, Sunday, February 8, 1932. Feature-Fiction Section, page 3. Dondero writes of knowing Abraham Lincoln's son, Robert Todd, and daughter-in-law, Mary Harlan. He states that Mary Harlan Lincoln gave him the original letter written to President-elect Abraham Lincoln by 11-year-old Grace Bedell, suggesting that he grow a beard. Dondero further states that, though not a collector of "Lincoln relics," he did "make it a point to get acquainted with Lincoln's relatives, those who knew him, and those writers who have gathered biographical material about him."

Notes

1. ^The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. Mccarthy and the Senate By Robert Griffith, states Dondero shared McCarthy's strong anti-communism and worked with McCarthy in 1950 in a campaign against the Truman administration(pgs.,37, 97).
2. ^The Devil's Chemists -- 24 Conspirators of the International Farben Cartel Who Manufactured Wars. Josiah E. DuBois Jr. in collaborationwith Edward Johnson. Boston: Beacon Press, 1952, 374 pp. DuBois,Deputy Chief Prosecution Counsel, writes on pg 55, "On the House floor,Representative Dondero of Michigan had spoken savagely. How long, he wanted to know, would the American taxpayer stand for this vengeful nonsense?"
3. ^CR 16 August 1949; 81st Congress 1st Session, Speech in US House of Representatives.
4. ^Hofstadter, R., "Anti-Intellectualism in American Life" (1963) pp. 14-15, where references are given to Dondero's original speeches.
5. ^Anticommunism and Modern Art (Accessed June 6, 2008).
6. ^¹John Henry Merryman, Albert Edward Elsen, Law, ethics, and the visual arts, Kluwer Law International, 2002, p.537.

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