“George Carey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

George Leonard Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|PC|FRSA}} (born 13 November 1935)^[1] is a retired Anglican bishop who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1991 to 2002, having previously been the Bishop of Bath and Wells. During his time as archbishop the Church of England ordained its first women priests and the debate over attitudes to homosexuality became more prominent, especially at the 1998 Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops.

In June 2017 he resigned from his last formal role in the church after a finding that he had covered up sex abuse allegations against bishop Peter Ball.^[2] In February 2018 Carey was granted “permission to officiate” by Steven Croft, the bishop of Oxford, allowing him to preach and preside at churches in the diocese.^[3]

Early life

George Carey was born on 13 November 1935 in the East End of London in the United Kingdom. He attended Bonham Road Primary School in Dagenham, then failed his 11-plus.^[4]{{Rp|14}} He then attended Bifrons Secondary Modern School in Barking before leaving at the age of 15. He worked for the London Electricity Board as an office boy before starting his National Service at age 18 in the Royal Air Force as a wireless operator, during which time he served in Iraq.^[4]{{Rp|32}}

Conversion and ordination

Carey became a committed Christian at age 17 when he attended a church service with some friends. He said that "I had a conversion experience which was very real ... There were no blinding lights, simply a quiet conviction I had found something."^[5]

During his National Service, Carey decided to seek ordination and after his discharge he studied intensely, gaining six O-levels and three A-levels in 15 months, before attending King's College, London. He graduated in 1962 with a 2:1 Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) degree and was subsequently ordained. He later obtained a Master of Theology degree and a Ph.D. from the University of Durham. Carey is the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to have been a graduate of either the University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge. The last Archbishop of Canterbury prior to Carey who was not a graduate of Oxford or Cambridge was Simon Sudbury ({{circa}} 1316–1381).

Offices

Carey was a curate at St Mary's Islington, worked at Oak Hill Theological College and St John's Theological College, Nottingham and became Vicar of St Nicholas' Church, Durham in 1975. Within two years he had trebled the congregation.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} He later wrote a book on his experiences there called The Church in the Market Place.

In 1981, Carey was appointed Principal of Trinity College, Bristol. He became Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1987; he was consecrated a bishop by Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Southwark Cathedral on 3 December 1987^[6] (by which point his election must have been confirmed) and enthroned in February 1988.^[7]

When Robert Runcie retired as Archbishop of Canterbury, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, encouraged by her former Parliamentary Private Secretary, Michael Alison MP, put Carey's name forward to the Queen for appointment.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} The religious correspondent for The Times, Clifford Longley, commented that "Mrs Thatcher's known impatience with theological and moral woolliness ... will have been a factor."^[8]

Carey was confirmed as Archbishop of Canterbury on 27 March 1991^[9] and enthroned on 19 April 1991.

On 31 October 2002, he retired, resigning the See of Canterbury, and was created the next day a crossbench life peer as Baron Carey of Clifton, of Clifton in the City and County of Bristol.^[10] He was succeeded by Rowan Williams. Living in the Diocese of Oxford, he served there until 2017 as an honorary assistant bishop, as is customary for retired bishops.

Carey was Chancellor of the University of Gloucestershire for seven years, resigning in 2010,^[11] and was president of the London School of Theology.^[12] He is also an Honorary Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Scriveners and a Distinguished Fellow of the Library of Congress (Washington DC).

Theological and social positions

Carey's theological roots are in the Evangelical tradition of the Church of England. He strongly supported the ordination of women but also has close ecumenical links with the Roman Catholic Church, being chosen in 1976 to represent the Church of England at a meeting of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity in Rome.^[4]{{Rp|84}}

Carey is tolerant of divorce and divorced people and the remarriage of divorced people. One of his sons is divorced and he also supported the marriage of the Prince of Wales to Camilla Parker-Bowles, whose first husband is living. He opposed homosexual relationships among members of the clergy, although he admits to having consecrated two bishops whom he suspected of having same-sex partners.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} He presided over the Lambeth Conference of 1998 and actively supported the conference's resolution which uncompromisingly rejected all homosexual practice as "incompatible with scripture".{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

Carey was criticised for his lack of neutrality on the issue of homosexuality by those attempting to reach a compromise position which had been presented to the conference by a working group of bishops on human sexuality.^[13] Carey also voted against an expressed condemnation (which had been present in the original form of the resolution) of homophobia. The resolution as a whole prompted one of Carey's fellow primates, Richard Holloway, Bishop of Edinburgh and Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, to declare "I feel gutted, I feel betrayed, but the struggle will go on".^[13]

Carey said: "If this conference is known by what we have said about homosexuality, then we will have failed."^[13] The resolution, however, was the beginning of an escalating crisis of unity within the Anglican Communion around the question of human sexuality, a crisis that continues. This resolution is at the heart of current divisions within the Anglican Communion on the issue. In 1999 he was one of four English bishops who expressly declined to sign the Cambridge Accord: an attempt to find agreement on affirming certain human rights of homosexuals, notwithstanding differences within the church on the morality of homosexual behaviour.^[14] In an interview with Sir David Frost in 2002 he said: "I don't believe in blessing same-sex relationships because frankly I don't know what I'm blessing."^[15]

Carey was the first former Archbishop of Canterbury to publish his memoirs, in 2004. The book, Know the Truth, mentions meetings with the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles and his thoughts that they should marry. In 2005, they did marry in a civil ceremony; the Church recognised a blessing at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

In 1998 he made a public call for the humane treatment of Augusto Pinochet, the former dictator of Chile, who was at the time in custody in the United Kingdom.^[16]^[17]

In 2000 Carey was critical of the document Dominus Iesus, issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope John Paul II, saying that it "did not reflect the deep comprehension that has been reached through ecumenical dialogue and cooperation [between Roman Catholics and Anglicans] during the past 30 years ... the Church of England and the worldwide Anglican Communion does not for one moment accept that its orders of ministry and Eucharist are deficient in any way. It believes itself to be a part of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church of Christ, in whose name it serves and bears witness, here and round the world."^[18]

Reactions and criticism

As Archbishop of Canterbury, Carey promoted a "decade of evangelism". But he aroused strong opposition also, some of it quite personal. For example, a 1999 newspaper profile published by a religious affairs commentator in The Daily Mail asked "Is he the worst Archbishop we have ever had?"^[19] – before concluding that he was not, but that he was "without question the worst Archbishop imaginable for a media age". Michael Arditti, reviewing Carey's memoirs in The Daily Mail wrote that:^[20] "His eleven years in office were marked by unprecedented public criticism. He managed to alienate many of his natural supporters on the Evangelical wing of the Church, as well as both the Liberal and Conservative opposition. He was, arguably, the most excoriated archbishop since the execution of Charles I’s favourite, William Laud."

Public statements since retirement

On Muslims

As Archbishop of Canterbury, Carey was active in inter-faith work and worked for better relations with Muslims, calling for "deeper dialogue" between the two faiths. On 25 March 2004, after his retirement, he made a speech lamenting the lack of democracy and innovation in Muslim countries, suggesting a lack of critical scholarship toward the Qur'an and saying that moderate Muslims should "resist strongly" the take-over of Islam by extremists. He also criticised the majority of Muslims, who do not support extremists, for not denouncing them.^[21] Some{{who|date=November 2011}} viewed his speech as an outspoken attack on Islam; Carey responded: "Those who took the trouble to read my lecture will have noted that I was as critical of the West, of Christianity and, for that matter, also sharply critical of Israel's policy with respect to Palestine."^[22]

In September 2006, he backed Pope Benedict XVI in the controversy over his comments on Islam and declared that "there will be no significant material and economic progress [in Muslim communities] until the Muslim mind is allowed to challenge the status quo of Muslim conventions and even their most cherished shibboleths."^[23] However, his comments attracted much less attention and interest than those of the Pope.

On the British and migration

Carey wrote an opinion piece in The Times on 10 September 2008 (p. 26) in which he said: "Immigration must be kept under control if we are to retain the essentials of British society that have been built up over the generations. ... If this scale of immigration continues, with people of different faiths, cultures and traditions coming here, what will it mean to be British?"

In January 2010, Carey gave an interview on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, in which he said as part of the Balanced Migration Group^[24] he would want to start a debate on the UK's migration policy. He said that while the UK migration policy should not "give preference to any particular group", the points-based immigration system should give preferences to certain prospective migrants based on their values and backgrounds. In the same interview, however, he states that he was worried that the UK will become less of a Christian country and that he believes migration policy should foster the preservation of the Christian heritage of the United Kingdom.^[25]

On Syriac Christians

On 18 July 2015, he lent his name and efforts to the Barnabas Fund, a charity designed to place Syriac Christians, whom ISIS target as part of their Islamic supremacist doctrine, at the front of the UK refugee queue. He called on government to “welcome Christian refugees and give them priority as asylum seekers. Syrian and Iraqi Christians are being butchered, tortured and enslaved. We need the British Government to work with charities like the Barnabas Fund and others to evacuate those who are in desperate fear of their lives." He was joined by Lord Weidenfeld and the Vicar of Baghdad, as well as many others, in his effort.^[26]

On marriage

In February 2012, speaking at the launch of the advocacy group Coalition for Marriage, Carey voiced his opposition to the government's proposal to legalise same-sex marriage, stating that he was "worried and disappointed" and calling the proposal "cultural vandalism".^[27] In March 2013, Carey spoke of being "very suspicious" that behind plans for gay marriage "there lurks an aggressive secularist and relativist approach towards an institution that has glued society".^[28] In May 2013, Carey claimed same-sex marriage could set a "dangerous precedent" which could lead to sibling marriage or polygamy. Carey criticized the British government for seeking to change the definition of marriage to "a long-term commitment between two people of any sex, in which gender and procreation are irrelevant".^[29]

On homosexuality

In 1994 Carey voted in the House of Lords to defeat equality legislation that would have lowered the age of consent for homosexual men, from 21 years, to the same age as for heterosexuals (16 years) and again, in 1998 he voted against the equalisation of age of consent, at that time 18, to 16. Since his retirement, Carey has tolarated same-sex partnerships in secular law but continues to oppose same-sex marriage and church blessings of same-sex partnerships. In March 2006, he personally endorsed "with enthusiasm" a questionnaire to American bishops from what he described as "Lay Episcopalians who wish their Church to remain faithful to Orthodox Christianity" in relation to the controversy in that church over the ordination of an openly gay bishop. For this, he was chided by Frank Griswold, the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States, "for allowing himself to be used by others whose political ambition is to sow division".{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

In late April 2006, Carey said in a televised interview that the ordination of Bishop Gene Robinson of New Hampshire, US in 2003 verged on heresy because Bishop Robinson is gay and lives in a long-term relationship. His association with Episcopalians Concerned agitated some, and his decision to confirm anti-gay dissidents who refused the ministry of the Bishop of Virginia puzzled the same people. Carey, who remembered the difficulties of the 13th Lambeth Conference that he had presided over in 1998, sought to avoid a major schism in the communion by refraining from further consecrations of gay people.^[30]

In April 2010, Carey submitted a witness statement to an appeal court considering the dismissal of a relationship counsellor who had refused to work with homosexuals, in which he suggested that intervention by senior clerics, including himself, was "indicative of a future civil unrest".^[31] In the same statement, he suggested that cases engaging religious rights should not be heard by any of the judges who had decided the previous cases, "as they have made clear their lack of knowledge about the Christian faith."^[31] His submission was rejected by the Court as "misplaced"^[32] and "deeply inimical to the public interest".^[33] Carey's position was widely criticised in the press.^[34] Andrew Brown, writing in The Guardian, suggested that the effect of the judgment was to say that Carey was "a self-important and alarmist twit who has no idea what he is talking about".^[35] The Church Times commented that "One might be forgiven for thinking that Lord Carey of Clifton has generated more column-inches since retiring as Archbishop of Canterbury than he did when in office. His latest foray into the nation’s media is more than usually regrettable, as it strikes at the heart of the independence of the judiciary."^[36] However, his position was supported by his former colleague, the retired Bishop of Rochester, Michael Nazir Ali.^[37]

On religious freedom

Carey was a leading advocate for the rights of Christians in advance of a case on religious freedom, begun on 4 September 2012 at the European Court of Human Rights, regarding the case of two workers forced out of their jobs over the wearing of crosses as a visible manifestation of their faith.^[38]

On assisted suicide

In July 2014 he announced that he had changed his view on euthanasia in favour of the legalisation of assisted dying for terminally-ill patients.^[39]

On Anglican unity

In April 2006, when criticism of his post-retirement activism on a number of fronts had been voiced in an open letter by liberal laypersons in the church,^[40]^[41] he issued a public statement complaining that such comments were "mischievous and damaging to the Anglican Communion".^[42] In an interview for the BBC, on 23 April 2006, he said "I think this is a mischievous letter from Australia and I hope the authors will reflect and repent."^[43]

In May 2006, he made a speech to the Virginia Theological Seminary, subsequently published on his personal website, which said "When I left office at the end of 2002 I felt the Anglican Communion was in good heart" but that, as a result of subsequent events "it is difficult to say in what way we are now a Communion." This was reported on 11 June 2006 in the Sunday Telegraph ("Church has fallen apart since I was in charge, says Carey") and on 12 June 2006 in The Guardian and The Independent as an attack on his successor. An email from Carey on the day of publication was circulated in which he strongly denied this and said "I am hopping mad and will want a retraction from the Sunday Telegraph, otherwise I will lodge a complaint."{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

In November 2006, Carey was barred from delivering a Church Mission Society lecture at Bangor Cathedral by the Dean of Bangor, who viewed that Carey had become "a factor of disunity and of disloyalty to Rowan Williams, a divisive force."^[44]

On ecumenical matters

In October 2009, Carey said it was inexcusable that the Vatican gave a relatively short notice of its offer to receive some Anglo-Catholics into the Roman Catholic Church within a personal ordinariate, but he nonetheless gave a cautious welcome to the offer.^[45]

On matters of trade

In February 2006, Carey attracted more controversy by declaring in a letter to The Times that a General Synod motion supported by his successor, Rowan Williams, in favour of disinvestment in a company active in the occupied territories of Israel made him ashamed to be an Anglican.^[46]

In September 2009, Carey provoked outrage among some Anglicans by making positive remarks about the arms trade.^[47] He was quickly condemned by a number of Christian activists, particularly since the Lambeth Conferences in 1988^[48] and 1998^[49] had resolved to oppose the arms trade.

Sex abuser Bishop Peter Ball

During Carey's term as Archbishop of Canterbury there were many complaints of serial sex abuse by Peter Ball, the bishop of Lewes and later of Gloucester until his resignation in 1993 after admitting to an act of gross indecency. Archbishop Carey wrote to the director of public prosecutions and the chief constable of Gloucester police, supporting Ball and saying that he was suffering "excruciating pain and spiritual torment".^[50] In October 2015 Ball was sentenced to 32 months' imprisonment for misconduct in public office and indecent assault; he admitted the abuse of 18 young men aged 17–25.

In a statement submitted by Carey to pre-trial hearings regarding Ball, Carey said: "I was worried that if any other allegations were made it would reignite a police investigation. I was told quite categorically that any past indecency matters would not be taken further." Carey said the senior CPS official told him: "As far as we are concerned he has resigned. He is out of it. We are not going to take anything any further."^[59] He has repeatedly asserted that he was not trying to influence the outcome of the investigation.

On 22 October 2016 The Daily Telegraph reported that Carey accepted that he deserved criticism over his support of Peter Ball. Carey had requested that his, rather than the Church's, lawyers should represent him at the government's Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse where Carey been granted "core participation" status, with the Church of England paying for the lawyers.^[54]

Gibb's June 2017 report, "An Abuse of Faith", found that Carey was part of a cover-up that shielded Bishop Ball from prosecution.^[61]^[55] The review found that Carey had received seven letters from families and individuals following Ball's arrest in 1992, but passed only one (the least disturbing) to the police.^[61] Carey did not add Ball to the Church of England's "Lambeth List" which names clergy about whom questions of suitability for ministry have been raised, provided Ball with funds, and wrote to Ball's brother Bishop Michael Ball in 1993, saying "I believed him to be basically innocent".^[61] Graham Sawyer, who survived abuse by Peter Ball, wants the police to investigate Carey's role in the Ball affair.^[56]^[57]^[58]

Following production of the report, with its finding that he had covered up sex abuse allegations against bishop Peter Ball, Carey stated that the report made "deeply uncomfortable reading" and apologised to Ball's victims.^[59] Welby asked Carey to step down as an assistant bishop in the Church of England.^[60] On 26 June, having spoken to the Bishop of Oxford, Carey resigned from his post as an honorary assistant bishop within the Diocese of Oxford, his last formal role in the church.^[60]^[2] However, Carey did not resign his orders, nor his seat in the House of Lords, nor has he faced any formal ecclesiastical sanctions.

Family

Carey married Eileen Harmsworth Hood in 1960. They have two sons, Mark (an Anglican priest)^[54] and Andrew (formerly Deputy Editor of the Church of England Newspaper and later a freelance journalist); and two daughters.^[61]

Select bibliography

Honours, awards and legacy

In 2011, the George Carey Church of England Primary School in Creekmouth, Barking was opened.^[62]

Honours

Honorary degrees

Styles

References

1. ^The Times, 12 November 2009.
2. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-40407464 |title=Ex-Archbishop Lord Carey resigns after child abuse"review|website=BBC News|date=26 June 2017 |author= |accessdate= 26 June 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/13/former-archbishop-of-canterbury-allowed-to-resume-a-church-role |title=George Carey allowed church role despite part in abuse cover-up |newspaper=The Guardian|author= Harriet Sherwood |date= 13 July 2018}}
4. ^¹²{{cite book | last=Carey | first=George | title=Know the Truth | publisher=Harper Perennial | isbn=0-00-712029-X}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=George Carey: an archbishop of the people|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/41037.stm|publisher=BBC news|accessdate=4 November 2013}}
6. ^{{Church Times | title = picture caption | archive = 1987_12_11_002 | issue = 6513 | date = 11 December 1987 | page = 2 | accessed = 26 December 2016 }}
7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=G5Ig4SDJFgkC&pg=PA81 Buchanan, Colin. Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism] p. 81 (Google Books; accessed 7 May 2014)
8. ^John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher. The Iron Lady (Jonathan Cape, 2003), p. 394.
9. ^Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide – Places of Confirmation of Election of Archbishops of Canterbury (Accessed 7 May 2014)
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=56744 |date=6 November 2002 |page=13421 }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/chancellor-follows-v-c-out-at-gloucestershire/411806.article?sectioncode=26&storycode=411806&c=1|title=Chancellor follows v-c out at Gloucestershire|last=Baker|first=Simon|date=29 May 2010|work=Times Higher Education|accessdate=27 June 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eauk.org/current-affairs/media/press-releases/dr-krish-kandiah-appointed-president-of-london-school-of-theology.cfm|title=Press Release: Dr Krish Kandiah appointed president of London School of Theology|date=22 Aug 2014|publisher=Evangelical Alliance|accessdate=27 June 2017}}
13. ^¹²{{cite web|title=Lambeth Conference 1998 Archives|url=http://www.lambethconference.org/1998/news/lc098.cfm|publisher=Lambeth Conference|accessdate=1 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728181157/http://www.lambethconference.org/1998/news/lc098.cfm|archive-date=28 July 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.changingattitude.org/lambeth_conf_cambridge_accord.html |title=Cambridge Accord (with UK signatories and refusals to sign) |accessdate=27 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725154524/http://www.archive.changingattitude.org/lambeth_conf_cambridge_accord.html |archivedate=25 July 2011 |df=dmy }}
15. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/2365911.stm | title=Breakfast with Frost | accessdate=23 February 2008 |work=BBC News | date=27 October 2002}}
16. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095158/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19981023/ai_n14200577 Colin Brown, "Straw may release Pinochet"], The Independent (London), 23 Octoctober 1998. FindArticles.com. 12 September 2006.
17. ^The Sunday Times, 31 October 1999, "Carey pleads for Pinochet to be released". from a Pinochet watch website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018205059/http://publica.com/carey.html |date=18 October 2007 }} Retrieved on 12 September 2006.
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/rcc_othe5.htm |title=Reactions to Dominus Iesus (2000) |publisher=Religioustolerance.org |date= |accessdate=11 January 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|author=Brian Reid |url=http://anglicansonline.org/archive/news/articles/1999/990909.html |title=Andrew Brown on the ABC |publisher=Anglicans Online |date= |accessdate=11 January 2014}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.michaelarditti.com/non-fiction/know-the-truth/ |title=Know the Truth |publisher=Michael Arditti |date=11 June 2006 |accessdate=11 January 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.glcarey.co.uk/Speeches/2004/ChrisandIslam.html |title=Christianity and Islam |publisher=Glcarey.co.uk |date= |accessdate=11 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022421/http://www.glcarey.co.uk/Speeches/2004/ChrisandIslam.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2004/nparticle-gyw-zx7-fxc|title=Lord Carey: Islam and the West Text of Lecture Delivered at University of Leicester, May 12, 2004|publisher=University of Leicester|accessdate=22 August 2009}}
23. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-2366419,00.html | title=Carey backs Pope and issues warning on 'violent' Islam | accessdate=23 February 2008 | location=London| work=The Times| first1=Ruth| last1=Gledhill| first2=Richard| last2=Owen| date=20 September 2006}}
24. ^www.balancedmigration.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708035949/http://www.balancedmigration.com/about.php |date=8 July 2012 }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8442662.stm |title=Former archbishop Carey backs '70m population cap' |publisher=BBC News |date=6 January 2010 |accessdate=11 January 2014}}
26. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11748943/UK-is-denying-refuge-to-Christians-fleeing-Isil-say-church-leaders.html telegraph.co.uk: "UK is denying refuge to Christians fleeing Isil, say church leaders"], 18 July 2015
27. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9093297/Lord-Carey-gay-marriage-would-be-cultural-vandalism.html | title=Lord Carey: gay marriage would be 'cultural vandalism' | accessdate=20 February 2012 |newspaper = Daily Telegraph | date=20 February 2012}}
28. ^{{cite news | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21979034 | title= Lord Carey attacks PM over Christian 'support' | work=BBC News | date=30 March 2013 | accessdate=4 June 2013}}
29. ^{{cite news | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22727808 | title= Gay marriage plan 'paves way for polygamy', says Lord Carey | work=BBC News | date=31 May 2013 | accessdate=4 June 2013}}
30. ^ekklesia.co.uk: "Lord Carey says ordaining a gay bishop verges on heresy", 27 April 2006
31. ^¹{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=McFarlane v Relate Avon | date=29 April 2010 | publisher=| url =http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2010/B1.html | work=judgment of Lord Justice Laws | pages =paragraph 17 | accessdate =3 May 2010 | language = }}
32. ^{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=McFarlane v Relate Avon | date=29 April 2010 | publisher=| url =http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2010/B1.html | work=judgment of Lord Justice Laws | pages =paragraph 18 | accessdate =3 May 2010 | language = }}
33. ^{{cite news | first= | last= |authorlink= | title=McFarlane v Relate Avon | date=29 April 2010 | publisher=| url =http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2010/B1.html | work=judgment of Lord Justice Laws | pages =paragraph 26 | accessdate =3 May 2010 | language = }}
34. ^{{cite journal|title=McFarlane: more reports and views (links to newspaper report and commentary)|journal=Thinking Anglicans|date=30 April 2010|first=|last=|volume=|issue=|pages=|id= |url=http://www.thinkinganglicans.org.uk/archives/004339.html|accessdate=3 May 2010 }}
35. ^{{cite news | first=Andrew | last=Brown |authorlink= | title=Carey slapped down by senior judgeCarey's intervention in the case of the Christian Relate counsellor has been fisked by an appeal court judge | date=29 April 2010 | publisher=| url =https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2010/apr/29/law-christianity | work=The Guardian (London) | pages = | accessdate =3 May 2010 | language = }}
36. ^{{cite journal|title=Judges should not be hand-picked|journal=Church Times|date=23 April 2010|first=Mark|last=Hill QC|volume=|issue=7675|pages=|id= |url=http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/content.asp?id=93243|format=|accessdate=3 May 2010 }}
37. ^{{cite news | first=Michael | last=Nazir Ali |authorlink= | title=The legal threat to our spiritual tradition | date=30 April 2010 | publisher=| url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/7655457/The-legal-threat-to-our-spiritual-tradition.html | work=Daily Telegraph | pages = | accessdate =3 May 2010 | language = | location=London}}
38. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9203953/Britains-Christians-are-being-vilified-warns-Lord-Carey.html | title=Britain's Christians are being vilified warns Lord Carey | accessdate=14 April 2012 | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | first=John | last=Bingham | date=13 April 2012}}
39. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2689295/Carey-Ive-changed-mind-right-die-On-eve-Lords-debate-ex-Archbishop-dramatically-backs-assisted-death-law.html | title=Carey: I've changed my mind on right to die: On eve of Lords debate, ex-Archbishop dramatically backs assisted death law | date=11 July 2014 |accessdate=12 July 2014 |newspaper=Daily Mail |location=London |first=James |last=Chapman }}
40. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/apr/24/religion.world The Guardian (London), "Lord Carey hits back at critics' open letter"], 24 April 2006
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2136284,00.html |title=Open letter to Lord Carey of Clifton |accessdate=23 February 2008 |location=London |work=The Times |date=16 April 2006 |deadurl=yes |first=Anushka |last=Asthana |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516174840/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0%2C%2C2087-2136284%2C00.html |archivedate=16 May 2008 |df= }}
42. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.glcarey.co.uk/Speeches/2006/OpenLetterResponse.html |title = Statement from Lord Carey |date = 18 April 2006 |accessdate = 1 December 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929010638/http://www.glcarey.co.uk/Speeches/2006/OpenLetterResponse.html |archive-date = 29 September 2011 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}}
43. ^{{cite web|last=Sarmiento |first=Simon |url=http://www.thinkinganglicans.org.uk/archives/001652.html |title=the Carey letter |publisher=Thinking Anglicans |date=23 April 2006|accessdate=11 January 2014}}
44. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-2432840,00.html | title=Cathedral bans Carey as a 'divisive force' | accessdate=23 February 2008 | location=London| work=The Times| first=Ruth| last=Gledhill| date=2 November 2006}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsok.com/anglicans-ex-leader-slams-vatican/article/feed/97169#ixzz0UqppeaVh |title=Anglicans' ex-leader slams Vatican |publisher=Newsok.com |date=24 October 2009 |accessdate=11 January 2014}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=Lord Carey 'ashamed to be an Anglican' |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622572920&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708031020/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622572920&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |dead-url=yes |archive-date=8 July 2012 |date=8 February 2006 |accessdate=29 May 2008 }}
47. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/10200 | title=Former Archbishop Carey under fire over arms trade comments |date=10 September 2009|work=Ekklesia | accessdate=11 September 2009}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lambethconference.org/resolutions/1988/1988-40.cfm |title=Resolution 40 |accessdate=11 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714024421/http://www.lambethconference.org/resolutions/1988/1988-40.cfm |archivedate=14 July 2010 }}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lambethconference.org/resolutions/1998/1998-5-28.cfm |title=Resolution 28 |accessdate=11 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714024421/http://www.lambethconference.org/resolutions/1988/1988-40.cfm |archivedate=14 July 2010 }}
50. ^{{cite news|title=Archbishop and MPs wrote in support of bishop later convicted of sexual offences|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/31/archbishop-and-mps-wrote-in-support-of-accused-bishop-foi-request-reveals|accessdate=11 October 2016|publisher=The Guardian|date=31 December 2015}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Dame Moira Gibb announced as Chair of independent review into Peter Ball case|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/media-centre/news/2016/02/dame-moira-gibb-announced-as-chair-of-independent-review-into-peter-ball-case.aspx|website=The Church Of England|accessdate=11 October 2016|date=24 February 2016}}
52. ^{{cite news|title=Church appoints panel to examine its role in Peter Ball abuse case|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/feb/23/church-appoints-panel-examine-role-peter-ball-abuse-case|accessdate=11 October 2016|publisher=The Guardian|date=24 February 2016}}
53. ^{{cite news|title=Inquiry to examine how much Church of England knew about sex abuser bishop|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/12170893/Inquiry-to-examine-how-much-Church-of-England-knew-about-sex-abuser-bishop.html|accessdate=11 October 2016|publisher=The Telegraph|date=23 February 2016}}
54. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/22/former-archbishop-of-canterbury-admits-he-deserves-criticism-ove/ |title=Former Archbishop of Canterbury admits he deserves criticism over ex-bishop sex abuse 'cover up' |author=Robert Mendick |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=22 October 2016 |accessdate=25 October 2016}}
55. ^¹{{cite news|title=Bishop Peter Ball victims accuse CoE police and CPS of sexual abuse cover up|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/sep/08/bishop-peter-ball-victims-accuse-c-of-e-police-and-cps-of-sexual-abuse-cover-up|accessdate=11 October 2016|publisher=The Guardian|date=8 September 2015}}
56. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/22/church-of-england-colluded-with-bishop-peter-ball-who-abused-boys-says-justin-welby Justin Welby asks George Carey to quit over church abuse report]
57. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-40368573 Church 'colluded' with sex abuse bishop Peter Ball]
58. ^Flaming June proves a harsh month for Church of England
59. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/22/senior-church-figures-colluded-disgraced-bishop-peter-ball-cover/ |title=Lord Carey criticised by damning report which finds Church 'colluded' with disgraced bishop Peter Ball to cover up sex offences |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 June 2017 |author=Olivia Rudgard |accessdate= 26 June 2017}}
60. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|title=Church 'colluded' with sex abuse bishop Peter Ball|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-40368573|accessdate=22 June 2017|agency=BBC|date=22 June 2017}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.glcarey.co.uk/|work=George Carey official website|accessdate=22 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204213918/http://www.glcarey.co.uk/|archive-date=4 February 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
62. ^
63. ^{{London Gazette |issue=56749 |date=12 November 2002 |page=13695 }}
64. ^Lord Carey invested into Royal Order of Francis I {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320160800/http://www.archive.catholicherald.co.uk/life/cl0000116.shtml |date=20 March 2012 }} - website of the Catholic Herald
65. ^Honorary graduates 1990-99 - website of Kent University
66. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p19110.htm#i191100|title=Rt. Rev. and Rt. Hon. George Leonard Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton|publisher=The Peerage|accessdate=12 June 2011}}
67. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |title=Honorary Graduates 1989 to present | publisher = University of Bath |work=bath.ac.uk |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
68. ^Honorary Graduates of the University of Nottingham {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812072142/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/registrar/honorary-degrees/hon-deg-list-may11.pdf |date=12 August 2011 }} - website of the University of Nottingham
69. ^{{citation | url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/honorary_degrees/f | title=Honorary Degrees | publisher=University of Durham | accessdate=1 December 2010 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
70. ^News: Former Archbishop Welcomes Class {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620132717/http://theology.sewanee.edu/seminary/news?archive_month=08&archive_year=2003&archives=Go&id=5859 |date=20 June 2015 }} - website of The University of the South
71. ^Honorary Degree Recipients - website of University of Notre Dame
72. ^SMU Names Honorary Degree Recipients For 2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002053937/http://smu.edu/newsinfo/releases/99339.html |date=2 October 2012 }} - website of the Southern Methodist University
73. ^Departing Archbishop Carey warns of Anglican split - publiced in the National Catholic Reporter
74. ^Archbishop of Canterbury humble and loving man {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709000814/http://www.anglican.nb.ca/nb_ang/pdf/nba0212.pdf |date=9 July 2011 }} - website of the Anglican Diocese of Fredericton
75. ^Honorary Doctoral Degree Recipients In 2005 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528032408/http://www.uc.edu.kh/sub/graduation/506/ |date=28 May 2011 }} - website of the University of Cambodia
76. ^Cambridge Honorary Degrees 2006 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606175155/http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/dp/2006032302 |date=6 June 2011 }} - website of the University of Cambridge